13 research outputs found

    Zur Audienz bei Justinian. Die Inszenierung sozialer Ungleichheit und deren Durchbrechung in der SpÀtantike

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    Der gesellschaftliche Status bestimmte, ob und in welcher Weise der Kaiser seine Untertanen in Konstantinopel empfing. NormalbĂŒrger waren vom Zutritt ausgeschlossen, nur die höheren sozialen Schichten durften einen Fuß in den Palast setzen. Von Prestige und erreichtem Rang hing es ab, ob der einzelne den Kaiser nur aus der Ferne zu Gesicht bekam oder ob er sich ihm nĂ€hern durfte. Besonders wichtige MĂ€nner konnten erwarten, dass der Kaiser sie individuell begrĂŒĂŸte. Doch das Hofzeremoniell war nicht starr festgelegt. Der Herrscher konnte ohne weiteres VerĂ€nderungen vornehmen, und bei solchen Gelegenheiten regte sich nicht nur Missgunst unter den verschiedenen Rangklassen, sie alle erfuhren die ĂŒberlegene Macht des KaisersSocial status determined whether and how subjects were received by the emperor in Constantinople. Only the upper social strata were permitted to set foot in the palace, non-entities were not welcome. Prestige and rank determined whether a visitor saw the emperor only from a distance or was allowed to approach him. Important men could expect individual acknowledgement. But the court ceremonial was not inflexible, and the emperor enjoyed considerable discretion as to how the rules were to be applied. When he exercised that discretion, the different ranks of the elite not only came to envy each other, they were also all reminded of the emperor's superior power

    Zur Audienz bei Justinian. Die Inszenierung sozialer Ungleichheit und deren Durchbrechung in der SpÀtantike

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    Der gesellschaftliche Status bestimmte, ob und in welcher Weise der Kaiser seine Untertanen in Konstantinopel empfing. NormalbĂŒrger waren vom Zutritt ausgeschlossen, nur die höheren sozialen Schichten durften einen Fuß in den Palast setzen. Von Prestige und erreichtem Rang hing es ab, ob der einzelne den Kaiser nur aus der Ferne zu Gesicht bekam oder ob er sich ihm nĂ€hern durfte. Besonders wichtige MĂ€nner konnten erwarten, dass der Kaiser sie individuell begrĂŒĂŸte. Doch das Hofzeremoniell war nicht starr festgelegt. Der Herrscher konnte ohne weiteres VerĂ€nderungen vornehmen, und bei solchen Gelegenheiten regte sich nicht nur Missgunst unter den verschiedenen Rangklassen, sie alle erfuhren die ĂŒberlegene Macht des KaisersSocial status determined whether and how subjects were received by the emperor in Constantinople. Only the upper social strata were permitted to set foot in the palace, non-entities were not welcome. Prestige and rank determined whether a visitor saw the emperor only from a distance or was allowed to approach him. Important men could expect individual acknowledgement. But the court ceremonial was not inflexible, and the emperor enjoyed considerable discretion as to how the rules were to be applied. When he exercised that discretion, the different ranks of the elite not only came to envy each other, they were also all reminded of the emperor's superior power

    Der Kaiser und Konstantinopel

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    How did a Late Roman emperor stay on the throne? His position was always precarious, and in contrast to a modern hereditary monarch he could always lose power or even his life to a usurper. The Eastern emperors resided in Constantinople from 395 to 624 without a break. This book shows how they sought the support of the army, the populace, the clergy and the capital`s elite, how they gained it, and how they sometimes lost it. The result is a new picture of the socio-political system of Constantinople and of the Late Roman Empire in general

    Der Kaiser und Konstantinopel

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    Jill Harries, Imperial Rome AD 284 to 363. The New Empire. (The Edinburgh History of Ancient Rome.) Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press 2011

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    Rezension zu Jill Harries, Imperial Rome AD 284 to 363. The New Empire. (The Edinburgh History of Ancient Rome.) Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press 201

    Zur Audienz bei Justinian. Die Inszenierung sozialer Ungleichheit und deren Durchbrechung in der SpÀtantike

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    Der gesellschaftliche Status bestimmte, ob und in welcher Weise der Kaiser seine Untertanen in Konstantinopel empfing. NormalbĂŒrger waren vom Zutritt ausgeschlossen, nur die höheren sozialen Schichten durften einen Fuß in den Palast setzen. Von Prestige und erreichtem Rang hing es ab, ob der einzelne den Kaiser nur aus der Ferne zu Gesicht bekam oder ob er sich ihm nĂ€hern durfte. Besonders wichtige MĂ€nner konnten erwarten, dass der Kaiser sie individuell begrĂŒĂŸte. Doch das Hofzeremoniell war nicht starr festgelegt. Der Herrscher konnte ohne weiteres VerĂ€nderungen vornehmen, und bei solchen Gelegenheiten regte sich nicht nur Missgunst unter den verschiedenen Rangklassen, sie alle erfuhren die ĂŒberlegene Macht des KaisersSocial status determined whether and how subjects were received by the emperor in Constantinople. Only the upper social strata were permitted to set foot in the palace, non-entities were not welcome. Prestige and rank determined whether a visitor saw the emperor only from a distance or was allowed to approach him. Important men could expect individual acknowledgement. But the court ceremonial was not inflexible, and the emperor enjoyed considerable discretion as to how the rules were to be applied. When he exercised that discretion, the different ranks of the elite not only came to envy each other, they were also all reminded of the emperor's superior power

    Conquista y debate: ÂżdiscutĂ­an los romanos sobre su expansiĂłn?

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    The original article was “Eroberung und Debatte.Diskutierten die Römer ĂŒber ihre Expansion?”, in Christoph LUNDGREEN (ed.), Staatlichkeit in Rom? Diskurse und Praxis (in) der römischen Republik, Stuttgart, Franz Steiner Verlag, 2014, pp. 141-162.El texto original fue publicado bajo el tĂ­tulo “Eroberung und Debatte.Diskutierten die Römer ĂŒber ihre Expansion?”, en Christoph LUNDGREEN (ed.), Staatlichkeit in Rom? Diskurse und Praxis (in) der römischen Republik, Stuttgart, Franz Steiner Verlag, 2014, pp. 141-162

    Local Self-Governance in the Context of Weak Statehood in Antiquity and the Modern Era. A Program for a Fresh Perspective

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    The nucleus of statehood is situated at the local level: in the village, the neighborhood, the city district. This is where a community, beyond the level of the family, first develops collective rules that are intended to ensure its continued existence. But usually this is not the only level of governance at play. Above it, there are supralocal formations of power, varying in scope from regional networks to empires, which supplement the local orders or compete with them. The premise of this Research Unit is that local forms of self-governance are especially heterogeneous and prominent, wherever supralocal statehood exists in the mode of weak permeation. The central question of our approach is how local forms of self-governance work in this context. We will examine the relations to the state level as well as to other local groups as they develop over time; the scope and spatial contingency of forms of self-governance; their legitimization and the interdependency with the organization and collective identity of those groups which carry them out; finally, we will turn our attention to the significance of self-governance for the configuration of weak statehood. The empirical focus will be at the local level, which has so far been largely neglected in the research on governance beyond the state. In order to achieve this, we will work with case studies that are structured by categories and situated in geographical areas and time periods that lie outside of modern Europe with its particular development of statehood since the Late Middle Ages: in Antiquity, and in the Global South of the present. By incorporating these different time frames, we hope to contribute to overcoming the dichotomy between the modern and pre-modern era, which is often given canonical status. Our goal is to create a comparative analysis of different configurations of order as well as the development of a typology of patterns of local governance. The structure of the empirical comparison itself promises methodological insights, since it will entail recognizing, dealing with, and overcoming disciplinary limitations. Starting with the identification of typical patterns and processes, we hope to gain a better grasp of the mechanisms by which local configurations of order succeed, while at the same time advancing the theoretical debate. This will allow us to make an interdisciplinary contribution to the understanding of fundamental elements of statehood and local governance that are of central importance, especially in the context of weak statehood. The insights we hope to gain by adopting this historical perspective will contribute to understanding a present that is not based exclusively on its own, seemingly completely new preconditions, and will thus significantly sharpen the political analysis of various forms of governance

    Local Self-Governance in the Context of Weak Statehood in Antiquity and the Modern Era

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    Der Nucleus von Staatlichkeit liegt auf der lokalen Ebene, im Dorf, im Viertel, in der Nachbarschaft. Hier entwickelt eine Gemeinschaft jenseits der Familie zuerst kollektive Regeln, die ihren Fortbestand sichern sollen. Meist ist aber nicht nur diese Regelungsebene vorhanden. Über ihr stehen ĂŒberlokale Herrschaftsformationen – von regionalen VerbĂŒnden bis zum Imperium –, welche die Ordnungsangebote vor Ort ergĂ€nzen oder mit ihnen konkurrieren. Örtliche Selbstregelungen sind, so die PrĂ€misse dieser Forschungsgruppe, dann besonders vielfĂ€ltig und ausgeprĂ€gt, wenn ĂŒberlokale Staatlichkeit im Modus der schwachen Durchdringung existiert. Wie lokale Selbstregelungen in diesem Kontext funktionieren, ist unsere zentrale Forschungsfrage. Wir untersuchen die Relationen zu den staatlichen Ebenen wie zu anderen lokalen Gruppen in ihrem zeitlichen Verlauf, wir analysieren die Reichweite und die rĂ€umliche Bedingtheit von Selbstregelungen, fragen nach ihrer Legitimierung sowie nach der Interdependenz zu Organisation und kollektiver IdentitĂ€t der sie tragenden Gruppen; schließlich wenden wir uns der Bedeutung der Selbstregelungen fĂŒr die Ordnungsform der schwachen Staatlichkeit zu. Der empirische Fokus liegt auf der lokalen Ebene, die in der bisherigen Forschung zum Regieren jenseits des Staates wenig beachtet wurde. Dazu wird in kategorial strukturierten Fallstudien gearbeitet, die in rĂ€umlichen und zeitlichen Bereichen außerhalb der europĂ€ischen (Sonder-)Entwicklung von Staatlichkeit seit dem Hochmittelalter situiert sind: in der griechisch-römischen Antike und im Globalen SĂŒden der Gegenwart. Mit der unterschiedlichen Zeitstellung möchten wir zur Überwindung der oft als kanonisch geltenden Dichotomie zwischen Moderne und Vormoderne beitragen. Angestrebt wird sowohl die komparative Analyse der verschiedenen Ordnungsarrangements als auch die typologische Erfassung lokaler Regelungsmuster. Allein von der Anlage des empirischen Vergleichs erwarten wir methodischen Ertrag, denn es gilt disziplinĂ€re BeschrĂ€nkungen zu erkennen, mit ihnen umzugehen und sie zu ĂŒberwinden. Ausgehend von der Identifizierung typischer Muster und Prozesse, möchten wir theoriebildend die Mechanismen fĂŒr das Gelingen lokaler Ordnungsarrangements im Ganzen besser abschĂ€tzen. Somit leisten wir einen entscheidenden interdisziplinĂ€ren Beitrag zum VerstĂ€ndnis basaler Elemente von Staatlichkeit, die gerade im Kontext schwacher Staatlichkeit von elementarer Bedeutung sind. Diese in historischer Perspektive gewonnenen Erkenntnisse sollen helfen, die Gegenwart nicht nur aus ihren eigenen, scheinbar völlig neuartigen Voraussetzungen heraus zu begreifen, und so die politische Analyse diverser Governance-Formen erheblich schĂ€rfen.The nucleus of statehood is situated at the local level: in the village, the neighborhood, the city district. This is where a community, beyond the level of the family, first develops collective rules that are intended to ensure its continued existence. But usually this is not the only level of governance at play. Above it, there are supralocal formations of power, varying in scope from regional networks to empires, which supplement the local orders or compete with them. The premise of the research unit is that local forms of self-governance are especially heterogeneous and prominent, wherever supralocal statehood exists in the mode of weak permeation. The central question of our approach is how local forms of self-governance work in this context. We will examine the relations to the state level as well as to other local groups as they develop over time; the scope and spatial contingency of forms of self-governance; their legitimization and the interdependency with the organization and collective identity of those groups which carry them out; finally, we will turn our attention to the significance of self-governance for the configuration of weak statehood. The empirical focus will be at the local level, which has so far been largely neglected in the research on governance beyond the state. In order to achieve this, we will work with case studies that are structured by categories and situated in geographical areas and time periods that lie outside of modern Europe with its particular development of statehood since the Late Middle Ages: in Antiquity and in the Global South of the present. By incorporating these different time frames, we hope to contribute to overcoming the dichotomy between the modern and pre-modern era, which is often given canonical status. Our goal is a comparative analysis of different configurations of order as well as the development of a typology of patterns of local governance. The structure of the empirical comparison itself promises methodological insights, since it will entail recognizing, dealing with, and overcoming disciplinary limitations. Starting with the identification of typical patterns and processes, we hope to get a better grasp of the mechanisms by which local configurations of order succeed, while at the same time advancing the theoretical debate. This will allow us to make an interdisciplinary contribution to the understanding of fundamental elements of statehood and local governance that are of central importance, especially in the context of weak statehood. The insights we hope to gain by adopting this historical perspective will contribute to understanding a present that is not based exclusively on its own, apparently completely new preconditions, and will thus significantly sharpen the political analysis of various forms of governance
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