From Diagnosis to Cure: Innovations in Disease Diagnosis and Treatment

Chapter1: Advancements in diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders Chapter2: Advancements in diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders Chapter3: Advancements in diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease Chapter4: Advancements in surgical procedures Chapter5: New developments in surgical procedure

Comparison of normal saline, ringer's lactate, and sodium bicarbonate for prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy in patients with coronary angiography: A randomized double-blind clinical trial

Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is one the most important renal complications following contrast injection in percutaneous coronary intervention. We compared the protective effect of normal saline (NLS), Ringer's lactate (RL), and sodium bicarbonate (Bi). In this study, patients with coronary angiography indication were divided into three groups by simple randomization method: NLS, RL, and Bi solution groups. Creatinine (Cr) alterations, glomerular filtration rate, and urine pH were evaluated prior and after the procedure. Data were analyzed with SPSS and P value less than 0.05 was taken as significant. In this study, 300 patients [150 men (50%), mean age 59.1 ± 10.6 years] were studied. The CIN incidence overall was 10% (30 patients): 8.3% (8 patients) in NLS; 16.5% (17 patients) in RL; and 5% (5 patients) in Bi group. It was significantly different among three groups (P = 0.018), and CIN incidence was significantly lower in Bi vs. RL group (P = 0.012). Baseline Cr clearance was higher in patients who developed CIN (78.4 ± 26.0 vs. 69.8 ± 21.6 mL/dL, P = 0.044). Urine pH after trial in CIN group was lower than the patients without CIN (5.5 ± 1.4 vs. 6.3 ± 1.8 mL/dL, P = 0.024). Higher urine pH and its change during study were seen in Bi group (P < 0.05). Cr at the initiation of study and the use of RL vs. Bi may be prognostic factors in CIN progression (P < 0.002). Sodium barcarbonate as fluid had more protective effect than NSL or RL on prevention of CIN in patients undergoing coronary angiography. The risk factors for CIN in our study were higher baseline serum Cr and use of RL as hydration fluid

The Effect of Base Theory Educational Intervention on Health-Promoting Lifestyle in Women Susceptible to Cardiovascular Diseases: Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior

Background. Cardiovascular diseases are the second leading cause of mortality, disability, and reduced productivity in women over 40 years and the first cause of mortality in women over 60 years. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the effect of educational intervention based on theory of planned behavior (TPB) on health-promoting lifestyle in women susceptible to cardiovascular diseases. Methods. This quasiexperimental study was conducted on 200 women susceptible to cardiovascular diseases referred to health centers in Fasa city, Fars province, Iran. The available sampling was performed on women who referred to the centers and had a family record. In this study, two health-promoting lifestyle questionnaires consisting of 49 questions and the theory of planned behavior questionnaire consisting of 50 questions were used. The obtained data were analyzed by using the SPSS software version 24 in two stages before and six months after the educational intervention through paired t-test, independent t-test, chi-square test, and McNemar test. Results. The mean age of women in the experimental and control groups was 38.74 ± 9.22 and 39.14 ± 9.08 years, respectively. The results showed a significant increase in the experimental group after six months of intervention in terms of health-promoting lifestyle and constructs of the theory of planned behavior. Also, mean blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, and smoking of experimental group decreased six months after the educational intervention. Conclusion. Considering the irreplaceable role of education in adopting healthy behaviors and the role of women in strengthening the family foundation, quality educational programs should be designed and regularly implemented by health care providers for women

The Effect of Microwave Ovens Radiation Leakage on Testis Tissue and Sex Hormones in Immature Mice

Background & Objective: The vast use of microwave ovens in today's modern life and possible exposure of users to radiation exited from the oven lead us to investigate the effect of this radiation on sex hormones. In the present study, the effect of microwave ovens radiation leakage on concentration of LH, FSH and testosterone hormones has been investigated. Materials & Methods: Thirteen immature two weeks- old male mice which weighing about 10 grams were used in this experimental study. Animals were randomly divided into 3 groups. Each group contained 10 mice. Experimental group 1 and 2 were exposed to microwave oven 30 and 90 minutes daily for 30 days, respectively. The control group received no radiation. Animals were anaesthetized and serum samples were stored. The concentration of testosterone, FSH and LH hormones were measured by RAI method. Results: The serum testosterone levels showed significant decrease in experimental group 2. But levels of LH and FSH indicate no significant different in experimental group 1 and 2 when compared to control group. Conclusion: Our results suggest that radiation leakage of microwave ovens might causes dysfunction in the levels of testosterone hormone secretion

Evaluation of Apolipoprotein A5 Polymorphism in Coronary- Heart Disease Patients

Background and Objectives: Apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5) gene is important in determining plasma triglyceride levels, a major cardiovascular disease risk factor. Mutation in this gene affected plasma triglyceride level. We looked for possible associations of the APOA5 gene polymorphism S19W with coronary heart disease (CHD) in a sample of Iranian population. Materials and Methods: A total of 73 CHD patients and 55 controls were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) for this single nucleotide polymorphism. Serum lipids and Fast Blood Sugar concentrations were measured in all subjects with enzymatic method. Results: Allele frequencies observed in our population were 0.041 for the W allele and 0.959 for the S allele which are similar to other populations (p>0.05). There is no evidence that APOA5 S19W, is a risk factor of CHD in our sample (p>0.05). In addition, we observed no association between the APOA5 W allele and elevated plasma TG levels (p>0.05) in the CHD group. This result was also present in the control group (p>0.05). Conclusion: The APO A5 gene polymorphism in S19W gene has no association with the high susceptibility to CHD

Effect of Olanzapine on Pituitary –Gonad Axis and Spermatogenesis in Adult Male Rats

Bakground & Objective: Since Olanzapine is used in the treatment of psychosis and schizophrenia, the aim of this investigation was to assess the effect of Olanzapine on the pituitary –gonad axis and spermatogenesis in adult male rats.   Materials & Methods: In the present research, 50 male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups of 10, including control, sham, and experimental groups I, II, and III, which orally received 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg Olanzapine solution for 28 days, respectively. Twenty-four hours after the last treatment, all the rats were weighed and anesthetized. Blood samples were obtained from the heart and were centrifuged; the sera were thereafter evaluated for concentrations of LH, FSH, testosterone, and prolactin via the RIA method.   Results: The results show that there was a significant increase in the body weight of the group receiving 20 mg/kg Olanzapine solution. In addition, the results of hormone assay demonstrated that the serum concentrations of LH and FSH were comparable between the experimental groups, while there was a significant increase in prolactin and significant decrease in testosterone in the group receiving 20 mg/kg Olanzapine solution.   Conclusion: The changes observed in the subjects were due to the presence of compounds in the Olanzapine solution, especially Benzodiazepine, which affected the body weight and serum concentration of prolactin and testosterone in the groups receiving 20 mg/kg Olanzapine solution

The potential of HEART score to detect the severity of coronary artery disease according to SYNTAX score

Abstract Clinical scoring systems such as the HEART score can predict major adverse cardiovascular events, but they cannot be used to demonstrate the degree and severity of coronary artery disease. We investigated the potential of HEART Score in detecting the existence and severity of coronary artery disease based on SYNTAX score. This multi-centric cross-sectional study investigated patients referred to the cardiac emergency departments of three hospitals between January 2018 and January 2020. Data including age, gender, risk factors, comorbidities, 12-lead ECG, blood pressure and echocardiogram were recorded for all the participants. Serum troponin I level was measured on admission and 6 h later. Coronary angiography was done via the femoral or radial route. HEART and SYNTAX scores were calculated for all patients and their association was assessed. 300 patients (65% female) with mean age of 58.42 ± 12.42 years were included. mean HEART Score was 5.76 ± 1.56 (min = 3, max = 9), and mean SYNTAX score was 14.82 ± 11.42 (min = 0, max = 44.5). Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.493 between HEART Score and SYNTAX score which was statistically significant (P < 0.001). We found that HEART Score of more than 6 is 52% sensitive and 74.7% specific to detect extensive coronary artery involvement (SNTAX score ≥ 23). The present study showed that the HEART score has a moderate and positive correlation with the SYNTAX score and HEART score with a cut-off value of 6 is a predictor for SYNTAX score of ≥ 23