Clinically informative microRNAs for SARS-CoV-2 infection

COVID-19 is a viral respiratory infection induced by the newly discovered coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. miRNA is an example of a strong and direct regulator of a gene's transcriptional activity. The interaction between miRNAs and their target molecules is responsible for homeostasis. Virus-derived and host-derived miRNAs are involved in the activity of hiding from immune system cells, inducing the inflammatory reaction through interplay with associated genes, during SARS-COV-2 infection. Interest in miRNAs has raised the comprehension of the machinery and pathophysiology of SARS-COV-2 infection. In this review, the effects and biological roles of miRNAs on SARS-CoV-2 pathogenicity and life cycle are described. The therapeutic potential of miRNAs against SARS-CoV-2 infection are also mentioned

Roman Klausa Manna "Mephisto" i istoimena filmska adaptacija Istvana Szaboa. Usporedba

Klaus Mann hat 1936 das „Werk seiner Karriere“ – den Roman Mephisto geschrieben. Im Roman wollte er den beruflichen Aufstieg eines Schauspielers im Dritten Reich darstellen. Außerdem wollte er die politischen und bürgerlichen Verhältnisse, als auch die Lage der Kunst und des Künstlers während der NS- Diktatur beschrieben. 1981 ist die Literaturverfilmung nach der literarischen Vorlage Klaus Manns entstanden. Der Regisseur István Szabó hat den Roman in das Medium Film umgewandelt. Hauptziel dieser Arbeit ist es die literarische Vorlage mit deren gleichnamigen Verfilmung zu vergleichen und dabei die Unterscheide und Gemeinsamkeiten, die bei der Umwandlung in das Medium Film aufgetreten sind, zu finden und darzustellen. Diese Diplomarbeit widmet sich der Fragestellung, inwieweit die Literaturadaption von ihrer literarischen Vorlage abgewichen ist. Im Zuge dessen wird in erster Linie die Tiefenstruktur des Films analysiert, um auf Unterschiede und Gemeinsamkeiten der Handlung, Figuren, Räume und Zeit hinzudeuten. Des Weiteren wird auf die Oberflächenstruktur der Filme eingegangen, die sich auf kinematographische und nichtkinematographische Gestaltungsmittel bezieht

Frazemi u romanu Demian i njihovi hrvatski ekvivalenti

In der vorliegenden Abschlussarbeit beschäftige ich mich mit den deutschen und kroatischen Phraseologismen. Ich werde wichtige Begriffe und Merkmale beschrieben, wie zum Beispiel Begriffsbildung und Terminologie, Merkmale der Phraseologismen, Anfänge der Phraseologiforschung, Phraseologismen und andere festgeprägte Kontruktionen, Phraseologie im Fremdsprachenunterricht usw. Außerdem werde ich die kontrastive Analyse machen und die deutschen und kroatischen Phraseologismen so auf der morphosyntaktishen, lexikalischen und semantischen Ebene vergleichen. Ich habe 30 deutsche Phraseologismen im Buch „Demian“ von Herman Hesse ausgesucht und mit deren kroatischen Entsprechungen in der Übersetzung verglichen, die Bojana Zeljko Lipovščak angefertigt hat. Die Phraseologismen werden nach ihrer Art der Äquivalenz den entsprechenden Gruppen zugeordnet. Für jede Phrase ist eine Paraphrase vorhanden, damit es verständlicher wird, ebenso ist bei manchen Phraseologismen auch eine kroatische Paraphrase vorhanden. Bei manchen Phraseolgismen gibt es Antonyme und Synonyme und Beispiele der gleichen Phraseologismen die ich aus „Demian“ genommen habe, aber auch aus anderen Werken. Das Ziel der Arbeit ist es herauszufinden, wie Phraseologismen übersetzt werden und ob sie im kroatischen Text dieselbe Funktion und annähernd dieselbe Bedeutung haben wie im Deutschen

Neurophysiological and behavioural characterisation of a 16p11.2 microdeletion rat model of autism spectrum disorder

Deletion of an approximately 600kb region of the 16p11.2 chromosome is commonly associated with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability. The effects of 16p11.2 microdeletion are highly variable and complex, as a result of the diversity of the 30 genes found at this locus. 16p11.2 deletion mice have shown deficits in a range of hippocampal and prefrontal-dependent behavioural paradigms, including those testing learning and memory, sociability, and cognitive flexibility. In exploring possible mechanisms underlying these deficits, aberrant interneuron development has been implicated in 16p11.2 deletion pathology; somatostatin (SST)-expressing interneurons of the hippocampus are intrinsically hyperexcitable in the rat model of the deletion. Additionally, research has demonstrated that developing interneurons in the human fetal prefrontal cortex express disproportionally high numbers of 16p11.2 locus genes, making them potentially vulnerable to 16p11.2 microdeletion. In this thesis I characterise a Sprague-Dawley rat model of the deletion by applying electrophysiological approaches to investigate common pathophysiological signatures of medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) dysfunction. Additionally, I apply a battery of tests assessing various behaviours to explore whether 16p11.2 microdeletion results in the emergence of altered behavioural phenotypes in rats. A comprehensive neurophysiological dissection of alterations to the mPFC circuit was performed using electrophysiological approaches that employed the whole-cell patch-clamp recording technique. I assessed the intrinsic cellular properties of pyramidal neurons and interneurons of the mPFC over a developmental time course and found that SST interneurons of 16p11.2 deletion rats were hyperexcitable at a specific developmental timepoint. However, inhibitory synaptic inputs onto pyramidal neurons and excitatory synaptic inputs onto interneurons showed no differences. The proportions of different subtypes of interneurons within the mPFC were quantified to explore whether altered interneuron subtype numbers may stem from or compensate for SST interneuron hyperexcitability, however the densities of neurons and interneurons did not differ between genotypes. Rats went through a behavioural pipeline that assessed reflexes at the pup stage, and an array of behaviours in the adult rats. Across development, 16p11.2 deletion rats were shown to have lower body weights compared to wildtype controls. Deficits were revealed in a negative geotaxis, a reflex that requires motor coordination and vestibular input. No differences were observed in tests of social interaction or marble interaction, but 16p11.2 deletion rats showed alterations in their performance of prey capture, a complex paradigm that allows rats to hunt live crickets and engages motor coordination, reward-seeking behaviours, attention and motivation. 16p11.2 microdeletion rats successfully catch more prey than wildtype rats but further exploration into which facet of 16p11.2 rats’ behaviour underlies this phenotype is needed. Lastly, an auditory fear conditioning paradigm revealed that 16p11.2 deletion rats display less freezing when recalling fearful memories, pointing to a deficit in either the formation or recall of fear memory (processes which were previously shown to engage SST interneurons) in this rat model. In summary, this thesis provides a characterisation of some of the cellular excitability, synaptic physiology and behavioural phenotypes of a rat model of 16p11.2 microdeletion. In particular, it provides evidence for the effect of 16p11.2 microdeletion on SST-expressing interneurons in the mPFC during development. Furthermore, this work reveals novel behavioural phenotypes of this rat model of ASD/ID, which taken together add to the understanding of the varied pathophysiology associated with 16p11.2 microdeletion

Roman Klausa Manna "Mephisto" i istoimena filmska adaptacija Istvana Szaboa. Usporedba

Klaus Mann hat 1936 das „Werk seiner Karriere“ – den Roman Mephisto geschrieben. Im Roman wollte er den beruflichen Aufstieg eines Schauspielers im Dritten Reich darstellen. Außerdem wollte er die politischen und bürgerlichen Verhältnisse, als auch die Lage der Kunst und des Künstlers während der NS- Diktatur beschrieben. 1981 ist die Literaturverfilmung nach der literarischen Vorlage Klaus Manns entstanden. Der Regisseur István Szabó hat den Roman in das Medium Film umgewandelt. Hauptziel dieser Arbeit ist es die literarische Vorlage mit deren gleichnamigen Verfilmung zu vergleichen und dabei die Unterscheide und Gemeinsamkeiten, die bei der Umwandlung in das Medium Film aufgetreten sind, zu finden und darzustellen. Diese Diplomarbeit widmet sich der Fragestellung, inwieweit die Literaturadaption von ihrer literarischen Vorlage abgewichen ist. Im Zuge dessen wird in erster Linie die Tiefenstruktur des Films analysiert, um auf Unterschiede und Gemeinsamkeiten der Handlung, Figuren, Räume und Zeit hinzudeuten. Des Weiteren wird auf die Oberflächenstruktur der Filme eingegangen, die sich auf kinematographische und nichtkinematographische Gestaltungsmittel bezieht

PSYCHODYNAMIC GROUP PSYCHOTERAPY IN THE EARLY INTERVENTION PROGRAM FOR PATIENTS WITH PSYCHOSIS (RIPEPP)

Psychiatric Hospital "Sveti Ivan" in Zagreb, Croatia, offers an outpatient Early intervention programme for patients with psychotic disorders (RIPEPP), consisting of psychoeducational workshops and group psychodynamic psychotherapy. Psychodynamic group psychotherapy presents a unique conceptual format not offered by other types of psychotherapy, and it is especially useful for population of patients with psychotic disorders. During group work, gradual establishment of communication and interactions, and creating a network of relations through experiences of corrective emotional symbiosis, affect the constellation of internal objects and relationships between members, and their restructuring. The function of group psychotherapy is not only to offer relief, support, and elements of education, but also to enable internal changes. Therapeutic factors contributing to the improvement of people with schizophrenia include supportive aspects such as universality, acceptance, cohesion, hope and altruism. This paper contains vignettes from inpatient and outpatient group dynamics

Stress constraints applied to the optimization of a thin-walled Z-beam

Razmatran je jedan pristup optimizaciji tankozidih otvorenih poprečnih preseka oblika Z - profila, izloženih savijanju i ograničenoj torziji. Za data opterećenja, materijal i geometrijske karakteristike, problem se svodi na određivanje minimalne mase, odnosno minimalne površine poprečnog preseka konstruktivnih tankozidih poprečnih preseka izabranog oblika. Površina poprečnog preseka je izabrana za funkciju cilja. Uvedena su naponska ograničenja. Primenjuje se Metoda Lagranžovog množitelja. Rezultati analitički dobijenih jednačina za matematički model, numerička rešenja, kao i ušteda u masi, izračunati su za tri slučaja opterećenja. Neki rezultati su provereni primenom programa COSMOS.One approach to the optimization of a thin-walled open section Z-beam subjected to the bending and to the constrained torsion is considered. For given loads, material and geometrical characteristics, the problem is reduced to the determination of minimum mass i.e. minimum crosssectional area of structural thin-walled beam of the chosen shape. The area of the cross-section is assumed to be the objective function. The stress constraints are introduced. The Lagrange multiplier method is applied. Solutions of analitically obtained expressions for the mathematical model, numerical solutions, as well as the saved mass, are calculated for three loading cases

Stress constraints applied to the optimization of a thin-walled Z-beam

Razmatran je jedan pristup optimizaciji tankozidih otvorenih poprečnih preseka oblika Z - profila, izloženih savijanju i ograničenoj torziji. Za data opterećenja, materijal i geometrijske karakteristike, problem se svodi na određivanje minimalne mase, odnosno minimalne površine poprečnog preseka konstruktivnih tankozidih poprečnih preseka izabranog oblika. Površina poprečnog preseka je izabrana za funkciju cilja. Uvedena su naponska ograničenja. Primenjuje se Metoda Lagranžovog množitelja. Rezultati analitički dobijenih jednačina za matematički model, numerička rešenja, kao i ušteda u masi, izračunati su za tri slučaja opterećenja. Neki rezultati su provereni primenom programa COSMOS.One approach to the optimization of a thin-walled open section Z-beam subjected to the bending and to the constrained torsion is considered. For given loads, material and geometrical characteristics, the problem is reduced to the determination of minimum mass i.e. minimum crosssectional area of structural thin-walled beam of the chosen shape. The area of the cross-section is assumed to be the objective function. The stress constraints are introduced. The Lagrange multiplier method is applied. Solutions of analitically obtained expressions for the mathematical model, numerical solutions, as well as the saved mass, are calculated for three loading cases

MicroRNA-21 as an indicator of breast carcinoma invasiveness in patients with different estrogen and progesterone receptor status.

Karcinomi dojke su izuzetno heterogeni tumori koji se na osnovu sposbonosti invazivnosti dele na neinvazivne, invazivne asocirane sa neinvazivnim i invazivne. Najznačajniji standardni dijagnostički i prognostički parametri karcinoma dojke su veličina tumora, starost pacijentkinje, status regionalnih limfnih čvorova, gradus tumora, status estrogenskog receptora (ER), progesteronskog receptora (PR), receptora za humani epidermalni faktor rasta 2 (Her-2) i status proliferativnog indeksa (Ki-67). Male nekodirajuće mikro RNK igraju važnu ulogu u regulaciji velikog broja bioloških procesa, a poremećaji u njihovoj ekspresiji detektovani su u procesima nastanka i progresije malignih tumora. Cilj ove disertacije je da se ispita nivo i značaj ekspresije onkogene mikro RNK-21 (miR-21) u tumorskom tkivu dojke. Imunohistohemijski je analiziran nivo ekspresije proteina ER, PR, Her-2 i Ki-67 u neizmenjenom i tumorskom tkivu dojke dok je nivo ekspresije miR-21 određivan lančanom rekacijom polimeraze kojoj prethodi reverzna transkripcija korišćenjem prajmera sa petljom. Razlike u nivoima ekspresije miR-21 u uzorcima neinvazivnih i invazivnih karcinoma dojke sa in situ koponentom ukazuju na moguću biološku ulogu miR-21 u procesima odgovornim za invazivnost karcinoma dojke, odnosno da nvo ekspresije molekulа mikro RNK-21 predstаvljа potencijаni biološki mаrker invаzivnosti kаrcinomа dojke. Rezultаt dа u аnаlizirаnoj grupi čistih invаzivnih kаrcinomа dojke postoji visok stepen pozitivne korelаcije između nivoа ekspresije molekulа mikro RNK-21 sа nivoom ekspresije proteinа ER i PR, ukаzuje nа to dа nivo ekspresije molekulа mikro RNK-21 može predstаvljаti novi nestаndаrdni dijagnostički i prognostički pаrаmetаr kаrcinomа dojke.Breast cancer is a complex and heterogeneous group of tumors. According to their ability to invade, breast cancers are divided in three major types: non-invasive, invasive carcinoma of the breast associated with non-invasive and invasive breast carcinomas. The most significant standard diagnostic and prognostic parameters of the breast carcinomas are size of a tumor, age at diagnosis, regional lymph-node status, tumor grade, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor 2 receptor status and proliferative index Ki-67 status. Small non-coding microRNAs play very important part in the regulation of great number of biological processes. Deregulation in their expression are detected in the process of malignant tumor formation and progression. Main goal of this dissertation was to investigate expression levels of microRNA-21 (miR-21) in the tumorous breast tissue and its potential role in breast tumor formation and invassion. Expression levels of ER, PR, Her-2 and Ki-67 proteins were detected by immunohistochemistry in non-transformed and tumorous tissue of the breast. MicroRNA-21 expression levels were determined by the reaction of Reverse Transcription and Stem-Loop Polymerase Chain Reaction. The differences in expression levels of miR-21 among non-invasive, invasive breast carcinoma associated with non-invasive and invasive breast carcinomas emphasizes potential biological role of miR-21 in the proces of breast cancer invasiveness and indicates that expression levels of microRNA-21 might represent potential biomarker of invasiveness in the breast carcinomas. We have found that there was highly positive correlation in miR- 21 expression levels with ER and PR protein expression levels, which indicates that miR- 21 expression levels might be used as novel non-standard parameter for breast cancer diagnosis and prognosis

Halstenwall as a sociopolitical allegory of Weimar Germany in Wiene's film "The cabinet of dr. Caligari"

Film “Kabinet doktora Kaligarija” putem konfiguracije imaginarnog grada Holstenvila raskriva psihosocijalne kontradikcije unutar nemačke kulture, kao svojevrsna umetnička refleksija Vajmarske Nemačke. Konvencije žanra, narativna struktura filma, osvetljenje, scenografija, gluma, odabir muških i ženskih likova, psihološke i socijalne situacije kongruiraju sa ideološkom i istorijskom paradigmom tadašnje Nemačke. Praveći neobične preseke žanra, Vine uvodi i estetskopolitički kontekst pored istorijskog i psihološkog. Film prikazuje upliv avangardne umetnosti u politički i kulturni život i reprezentuje revidiranje realističke estetike, u kojem distrakcija i distorzija postaju povodi za ispitivanje delovanja masovne kulture kao prostora ideoloških prećutkivanja.The film "The cabinet of Dr Caligari" through the configuration of the imaginary town Halstenwall decrypts psychosocial contradictions within the German culture, as a form of artistic reflection of Weimar Germany. Conventions of the genre, the narrative structure of the film, lightning, scenography, acting, and selection of male and female actors, psychological and social situations agree with the ideological and historical paradigm of Germany of that time. By making an unusual cross-section of the genre, Wiene introduces also aesthetic-political context, next to historical and psychological. The film displays the influence of avant-garde art in political and cultural life and represents a revision of realism's aesthetic, in which, distraction and distortion become motives to research the activity of mass culture as a space of ideological cover-ups.Zbornik je rezultat istraživanja u okviru Studija Holokausta koje se pod pokrovitelјstvom Claims Conference (Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany) izvode na Univerzitetu u Kragujevcu.The collection of papers is the result of research within Holocaust Studies, which are conducted at the University of Kragujevac under the support of the Claims Conference (Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany)