Channeling of protons through carbon nanotubes

This book contains a thorough theoretical consideration of the process of proton channeling through carbon nanotubes. We begin with a very brief summary of the theoretical and experimental results of studying ion channeling through nanotubes. Then, the process of ion channeling is described briefly. After that, the crystal rainbow effect is introduced. We describe how it was discovered, and present the theory of crystal rainbows, as the proper theory of ion channeling in crystals and nanotubes. We continue with a description of the effect of zero-degree focusing of protons channeled through nanotubes. It is shown that the evolution of the angular distribution of channeled protons with the nanotube length can be divided in the cycles defined by the rainbow effect. Further, we analyze the angular distributions and rainbows in proton channeling through nanotubes. This is done using the theory of crystal rainbows. The angular distributions are generated by the computer simulation method, and the corresponding rainbow patterns are obtained in a precise analysis of the mapping of the impact parameter plane to the transmission angle plane. We demonstrate that the rainbows enable the full explanation of the angular distributions. We also investigate how the effect of dynamic polarization of the carbon atoms valence electrons influences the angular and spatial distributions of protons transmitted through short nanotubes in vacuum and embedded in dielectric media. In addition, we explore the channeling star effect in 1 GeV proton channeling through bundles of nanotubes, which appears when the proton beam divergence angle is larger than the critical angle for channeling.Comment: 58 pages, 22 figures, the book "Channeling of Protons through Carbon Nanotubes" (published by Nova Science Publishers 2011

Strengthening peace: Quest for the transformative energy and prospects for change

Ovaj rad razmatra mogućnosti da postkonfliktna društva napreduju i osiguraju stabilan i trajan mir uprkos različitim psihološkim i strukturalnim preprekama. Stojeći na stanovištu pozitivne psihologije, autor sugeriše da bi ljudska energija i zamišljanje bolje budućnosti za sve mogli biti glavni motor za prevazilaženje postojećih problema. Posebna pažnja poklonjena je problemu kako naći odgovarajuće lidere-vizionare, koje bi bile njihove poželjne osobine, te kako razviti njihove postojeće odlike i pokrenuti razvoj novih. Predložen je kurs čiji bi cilj bio sticanje kako znanja o različitim aspektima postkonfliktnih problema, tako i vrlina kao što su posvećenost i saosećanje. Izgledi za očekivane rezultate i teškoće na tom putu razmatraju se u svetlu pristupa razvijenih u okviru pozitivne psihologije, kao i rastućeg uticaja globalizacije. Predloženo rešenje našlo je potvrdu u rezultatima jednog nedavnog empirijskog istraživanja obavljenog u postkonfliktnom regionu Balkana. Članak se završava optimističnim zaključkom da je pozitivna transformacija moguća.This paper considers possibilities of postconflict societies to move forward and to assure stable and long-standing peace in spite of different psychological and structural obstacles. Author, from the positive psychology standpoint, proposes that human energy and envisioning of a better future for all could be the main engine in overcoming existing problems. Special attention has been addressed to the problem of how to find appropriate visionary leaders, what their desirable characteristics are and how to enhance their existing features as well as initiate the development of others. An educational course aiming at combining the acquisition of both knowledge of different aspects of postconflict problems and virtues like devotion and compassion, has been proposed. Prospects for expected outcomes and challenges on the way have been discussed in light of the approaches developed within positive psychology, as well as of the ever broader influence of globalization. The proposed solution has been confirmed by the results of a recent empirical research from the postconflict region of the Balkans. The paper ends with the optimistic conclusion that positive transformation is possible

Views on religion in theories of psychologists from the first half of XX century

U radu se izlažu gledišta o religiji i religioznosti iz teorijskih sistema psihologa prve polovine XX veka: Viljema Džejmsa, Sigmunda Frojda, Alfreda Adlera, Karla Gustava Junga; Eriha Froma i Abrahama Maslova. .This paper deals with different views on religion and religiosity, from theoretical systems of psychologists from the first half of XX century: William James, Sigmund Freud, Alfred Adler, Carl G. Jung and Abraham Maslow.

Life aspirations as musical preference factors among high school students

Na značaj muzike u vaspitanju i formiranju vrednosnog sistema mladih ukazuju još antički mislioci, a moderni autori pokazuju da pasionirane slušaoce određene muzike odlikuju određeni stavovi i vrednosti, pa i karakteristična životna filozofija. Muzika je i jedan od najznačajnijih sadržaja slobodnog vremena mladih. Osnovni predmet ovog rada je utvrđivanje povezanosti između relativno uopštenih ličnih i društvenih ciljeva, kojih je predočeno po 18, i slušanja različitih muzičkih žanrova. Uzorak je činilo 2.426 srednjoškolaca iz nekoliko regiona Srbije. Prikazana je osnovna deskriptivna analiza i faktorska struktura muzičkih preferencija. Centralni deo prikaza rezultata posvećen je povezanosti između muzičkih preferencija i prihvatanja ličnih i društvenih ciljeva. Rezultati pokazuju da više ne postoje oštre podele u vrstama muzike koju mladi preferiraju, te vrlo često naklonost jednom muzičkom žanru nikako ne isključuje i neki drugi, potpuno drugačiji. Razlog je bar delom i u redefinisanju muzičkih žanrova i njihovoj međusobnoj isprepletenosti. No ipak ne možemo negirati činjenicu da donekle ima osnova u pretpostavci da je vrsta muzike koju osoba sluša u vezi s nekim ličnim i društvenim vrednostima. Na kraju su razmotrene i šire društvene okolnosti koje utiču na dobijene rezultate.The importance of the role of music in upbringing, education and formation of value systems of the young was recognized by early classical thinkers, while contemporary authors demonstrate that devoted listeners of particular types of music share particular attitudes and values, even particular philosophy of life. Moreover, music is one of the most significant contents that fill the leisure time of the young today. The basic idea of this paper is to determine the relatedness between generalized personal and social aims (of which eighteen are listed), and listening to different music genres. The sample comprised 2 426 high school students from several regions of Serbia. A concise descriptive analysis and the structure of music preference factors are followed by the analysis of the relatedness between musical preferences and acceptance of personal and social aims in the central part of the paper. The results show that nowadays there are no clear divisions among the young regarding the type of music they prefer, and that, frequently, inclination towards a particular musical genre does not exclude liking other, even completely different genres. Perhaps, reasons for this can be found in current redefining of musical genres and their intertwinement. Nevertheless, the fact that there is some justification for the assumption that the type of music a person prefers to listen to is related to some personal and social values should not be neglected. Wider social circumstances that might have affected the results of the research are discussed at the end of the paper

Tools for Statistical Testing of Pseudorandom Number Arrays

Generirani brojevi dobiveni pomoću generatora slučajnih brojeva su statistički nezavisni i nepredvidivi, ali pošto se takvi brojevi generiraju po nekome algoritmu ipak se može zaključiti da ti brojevi nisu sasvim slučajni. U idealnom svijetu koristili bi se pravi slučajni brojevi, no kako svijet nije idealan, tako je i prave slučajne brojeve jako teško pronaći. U ovome radu obrađena su četiri najčešća generatora slučajnih brojeva, a to su : LCF, LFG, ANSI X9.17 i RSA generator. Kako bi se provjeriti slučajnost generiranog niza koriste se standardizirani testovi slučajnosti kao što su ENT, Diehard i NIST koji su također opisani u radu. Pomoću ovih setova testova moguće je utvrditi dali je generirani niz slučajan to jest dali zadovoljava određene testove slučajnosti. U ovisnosti u rezultatima testova, testirane algoritme kasnije je moguće koristiti za potrebe šifriranja u kriptografiji ukoliko su testirani nizovi zaista slučajni ili ih koristiti u neke druge svrhe gdje sigurnost nije toliko bitna stavka.Generated numbers obtained by a random number generator are statistically independent and unpredictable, but since such numbers are generated by some algorithm, it can be concluded that these numbers are not quite random. In ideal world we would use real random numbers, but the world is not ideal, so real random numbers are really hard to find. In this paper, four most common random number generators are described: LCF, LFG, ANSI X9.17 and RSA generator. In order to check the randomness of generated sequence, standardized random tests such as ENT, Diehard and NIST are used, which are also described in the paper. Using these sets of tests, it is possible to determine whether the generated sequence is random or not. Depending on test results, tested algorithms can later be used for encryption purposes in cryptography, if the tested arrays are really random, or they can be used for other purposes where security is not so important

Mutual stereotypes of Croats, Bosnjaks and Serbs in the light of two factors theory of prejudice

Kako nizom empirijskih provera nije dobijena očekivana korelacija između negativnih stereotipa i predrasuda, savremeni istraživači su pretpostavili da stereotipe ne treba posmatrati kao jednodimenzionalni konstrukt. Predložena je dvofaktorska teorija stereotipa gde je prva dimenzija kompetencije (superioran-inferioran), a druga dobrote i moralnosti (dobar-loš). Samo ova potonja korelira sa predrasudama. Naše istraživanje obavljeno na 617 ispitanika iz Srbije, Hrvatske i Bosne i Hercegovine pokazuje da su negativni međusobni stereotipi ova tri naroda još dominantni a ta negativnost se odražava pre svega na drugoj dimenziji, kao što i predviđa pomenuta teorija.Since a number of empirical research have not shown expected correlation between negative stereotypes and prejudices, modern researchers have proposed that stereotypes should not be treated as unidimensional construct. The two factors theory of stereotypes has been proposed. First dimension is competence (superior-inferior), and second is beneficence or morality (good-bad). Only second one has high correlation with prejudices. Our research, conducted on 617 subjects from Serbia, Croatia and Bosnia and Hercegovina, shows that mutual negative stereotypes among these three nations are still dominant, and that negativity has mainly been found on the second dimension, just as mentioned theory proposed

IT project management

Zbog suvremenih uvjeta poslovanja organizacije u gotovo svim gospodarskim granama pod velikim su pritiskom da zadrže ili povećaju svoju konkurentnost. Upravljanje promjenama posebno je važno za održavanje konkurentnosti na nemilosrdnim tržištima sklonim mijenama pa stoga aktivnosti ili procese koji nisu standardni, drugim riječima projekte, valja stalno provoditi. IT odjel najčešće je jedini sektor poslovanja koji je u potpunosti projektno usmjeren. Informacijska tehnologija, općenito govoreći, koristi se kao ključni resurs kojim organizacija može dugotrajno osigurati i planirati rast; pri tome se misli na povećanje prihoda i održavanje konkurentnosti na tržištu. Potencijal suvremenih informacijskih tehnologija jest u tome da one mogu omogućiti čitav niz konkretnih postupaka koji proširuju trenutne mogućnosti poslovanja. IT projekti stoga imaju iznimnu važnost u modernim poslovanjima pa se za njihovo pravilno razvijanje moraju poznavati raznolike metode implementacija informacijskih tehnologija, njihov utjecaj na razvijajuću poslovnu strukturu, kao i efekt kojeg ostavlja na djelatnike.Because of the current conditions of doing business in almost every branch of industry, they are under great pressure to maintain or increase their competitiveness. Managing change is especially important for maintaining competitiveness in relentless markets, so activities or processes that are not standard, in other words projects, need to be constantly implemented. The IT department is most often the only business sector that is entirely project-oriented. Information technology, generally speaking, is used as a key resource that an organization can long-assure and plan for growth; this is meant to increase revenues and maintain market competitiveness. The potential of modern information technology is that they can provide a whole range of concrete procedures that extend the current business opportunities. IT projects are therefore of paramount importance in modern business, so their development requires knowledge of the various methods of information technology implementation, their impact on the developing business structure, and the effect they have on employees

Specification of elements of authoritarianism in Bob Altemeyer's model

U ovom radu prikazane su osnove modela desničarske autoritarnosti koji je razvio Bob Altemejer. On pod 'desničarskom autoritarnošću' podrazumeva kovarijaciju tri klastera stavova kod osobe: autoritarnu submisivnost autoritarnu agresivnost i konvencionalizam. Fraza 'desničarska' nema političku ili ekonomsku konotaciju već je autor vezuje za postojeće uspostavljene autoritete. Za razliku od Berklijske teorije, Altemejer objašnjenje nastanka autoritarnosti i povezanost navedenih klastera stavova ne nalazi u psihodinamskoj teoriji nego u teoriji socijalnog učenja. Empirijski deo je uključivao specifikaciju tri elementa koji čine autoritarnost. Uzorak je činilo 316 ispitanika, različitog pola, zanimanja i starosnih doba. Rezultati pokazuju da tri klastera stavova objašnjavaju veliki procenat varijanse skale u celini i da su korelacije skale i pojedinih mera submisivnosti, agresivnosti i konvencionalizma uglavnom relativno visoke.The paper illustrates the basics of the model of rightist authoritarianism developed by Bob Altmeyer. He defines the rightist authoritarianism as a co-variation of three clusters of attitudes in a person: authoritarian submissiveness, authoritarian aggressiveness and conventionalism. The phrase 'rightist' has no political or economic connotation, but the author links it to the current, established authorities. As opposed from Berkley's theory Altmeyer fails to find explanation of the origin of authoritarianism and correlation of the stated clusters in psychodynamic theory. Instead, he finds it in a social learning theory. The empirical part included specification of three elements that compose authoritarianism. The sample was made of 316 subjects, both sexes, various occupations and ages. The results have shown that the three clusters of attitudes explain a high percentage of variance of the scale in general and that correlations of the scale and individual measures of submissiveness, aggressiveness and conventionalism are mainly relatively high

VALUES AND EXPECTATIONS FOR ACHIEVING PROFESSIONAL GOALS AMONG HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATES

Plenty of space in psychological literature was dedicated to professional orientation of students, where the role of school, peers, parents, material and social factors was more studied while the role of personality traits, goals, expectations, personal and social values was studied less. This paper is focused on preference of personal and social values that we have defined as certain goals which are important within the context of choice of faculty, and thus, the future profession. We used two lists of goals - 18 personal and 18 social, which were applied to the sample of 497 high school graduates, where the sample consisted of 37,4% boys and 62,6%  girls. The study was conducted in the field, at the end of 2014/2015 school year, within standard school conditions. Preference and level of goal importance the respondents expressed by giving only one answer for each personal and social value at the 5-point Likert- type scale, which enabled application of descriptive statistics methods, correlation and discriminant analysis in statistical data processing. The study results show that there are significant differences in preference of certain goals, as well as relation between importance of goals with expectations for achieving them through choice of faculty and future profession. Also, there is relation between the level of desire for doing the preferred profession and level of expectations that one may achieve his/her goals through the profession.  In addition, it is shown that there are significant differences in the level of accepting certain goals as values, where more importance is given to personal than to social values, which is verified by validity of the author’s initial attitude that personal and social values should be separately studied, as they have different importance for professional orientation of young people.  Article visualizations

Structural and Electrical Properties of Sintered Zinc-titanate Ceramics

Poster presented at the ELECTROCERAMICS X, June 18-22, 2006, Toledo, Spai