33,471 research outputs found
Reallocation of an infinetely divisible good
We consider the problem of reallocating the total initial endowments of an infinitely divisible commodity among agents with single-peaked preferences. With the uniform reallocation rule we propose a solution which satisfies many appealing properties, describing the effect of population and endowment variations on the outcome. The central properties which are studied in this context are population monotonicity, bilateral consistency, (endowment) monotonicity and (endowment) strategy-proofness. Furthermore, the uniform reallocation rule is Pareto optimal and satisfies several equity conditions, e.g., equal-treatment and envy-freeness. We study the trade-off between properties concerning variation and properties concerning equity. Furthermore, we provide several characterizations of the uniform reallocation rule based on these properties.mathematical economics and econometrics ;
An iterative procedure for obtaining maximum-likelihood estimates of the parameters for a mixture of normal distributions
A general iterative procedure is given for determining the consistent maximum likelihood estimates of normal distributions. In addition, a local maximum of the log-likelihood function, Newtons's method, a method of scoring, and modifications of these procedures are discussed
The numerical evaluation of the maximum-likelihood estimate of a subset of mixture proportions
Necessary and sufficient conditions are given for a maximum likelihood estimate of a subset of mixture proportions. From these conditions, likelihood equations are derived satisfied by the maximum-likelihood estimate and a successive-approximations procedure is discussed as suggested by equations for numerically evaluating the maximum-likelihood estimate. It is shown that, with probability one for large samples, this procedure converges locally to the maximum-likelihood estimate whenever a certain step-size lies between zero and two. Furthermore, optimal rates of local convergence are obtained for a step-size which is bounded below by a number between one and two
An iterative procedure for obtaining maximum-likelihood estimates of the parameters for a mixture of normal distributions, Addendum
New results and insights concerning a previously published iterative procedure for obtaining maximum-likelihood estimates of the parameters for a mixture of normal distributions were discussed. It was shown that the procedure converges locally to the consistent maximum likelihood estimate as long as a specified parameter is bounded between two limits. Bound values were given to yield optimal local convergence
Self-organized Criticality and Absorbing States: Lessons from the Ising Model
We investigate a suggested path to self-organized criticality. Originally,
this path was devised to "generate criticality" in systems displaying an
absorbing-state phase transition, but closer examination of the mechanism
reveals that it can be used for any continuous phase transition. We used the
Ising model as well as the Manna model to demonstrate how the finite-size
scaling exponents depend on the tuning of driving and dissipation rates with
system size.Our findings limit the explanatory power of the mechanism to
non-universal critical behavior.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, REVTeX
Evidence for RNA recombination between distinct isolates of Pepino mosaic virus.
Genetic recombination plays an important role in the evolution of virus genomes. In this study we analyzed publicly available genomic sequences of Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) for recombination events using several bioinformatics tools. The genome-wide analyses not only confirm the presence of previously found recombination events in PepMV but also provide the first evidence for double recombinant origin of the US2 isolate
Hydrogen masers with cavity frequency switching servos
The stability of the free-running hydrogen maser is limited by pulling of the unperturbed hydrogen transition frequency due to instability of the cavity resonance frequency. While automatic spin-exchange tuning is in principle the more basic and accurate method, the required beam intensity switching and the long servo time constant result in reduced stability for measuring intervals up to 10(exp 6) seconds. More importantly, the spin-exchange tuning method requires a second stable frequency source as a reference, ideally a second hydrogen maser, to get the best results. The cavity frequency switching servo, on the other hand, has very little effect on the maser short term stability, and is fast enough to correct for cavity drift while maintaining the cavity at the spin-exchange tuned offset required to minimize instability due to beam intensity fluctuations. Not only does the cavity frequency switching servo not require a second stable frequency source, but the frequency reference is the atomic hydrogen radiated beam signal, so that no extra RF connections need be made to the cavity, and externally generated signals that would perturb the hydrogen atom need not be transmitted through the cavity. The operation of the cavity frequency switching stabilization method is discussed and the transient response of the servo and certain other aspects of the technique that have potential for achieving improved basic accuracy are illustrated
Generalized (m,k)-Zipf law for fractional Brownian motion-like time series with or without effect of an additional linear trend
We have translated fractional Brownian motion (FBM) signals into a text based
on two ''letters'', as if the signal fluctuations correspond to a constant
stepsize random walk. We have applied the Zipf method to extract the
exponent relating the word frequency and its rank on a log-log plot. We have
studied the variation of the Zipf exponent(s) giving the relationship between
the frequency of occurrence of words of length made of such two letters:
is varying as a power law in terms of . We have also searched how
the exponent of the Zipf law is influenced by a linear trend and the
resulting effect of its slope. We can distinguish finite size effects, and
results depending whether the starting FBM is persistent or not, i.e. depending
on the FBM Hurst exponent . It seems then numerically proven that the Zipf
exponent of a persistent signal is more influenced by the trend than that of an
antipersistent signal. It appears that the conjectured law
only holds near . We have also introduced considerations based on the
notion of a {\it time dependent Zipf law} along the signal.Comment: 24 pages, 12 figures; to appear in Int. J. Modern Phys
Characterizations of linear sufficient statistics
A surjective bounded linear operator T from a Banach space X to a Banach space Y must be a sufficient statistic for a dominated family of probability measures defined on the Borel sets of X. These results were applied, so that they characterize linear sufficient statistics for families of the exponential type, including as special cases the Wishart and multivariate normal distributions. The latter result was used to establish precisely which procedures for sampling from a normal population had the property that the sample mean was a sufficient statistic
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