New Labour ambiguity, or Neo-liberal consistency? The debate about racial inequality in employment and the use of contract compliance

Many historical studies, some of them comparative, have explored the foundations of welfare states and the birth of unemployment policies in Europe in the late nineteenth century. Nearly all have focused on political debate at national level. This paper bases its analysis on labour market reforms initiated in Strasbourg and Liverpool in the decades preceding World War I. It explores how bona fide unemployed workers, the proper clients of official help, were distinguished from the mass of the poor and indigent. The labour market had to be defined and organized before policies for the unemployed could be put in place. The object is to demonstrate not only how this was done, but also how different perceptions of social justice and economic efficiency influenced both the process and the outcomes of public interventions, in this instance undermining attempts to transfer specific policies from one country to another

Plasma assisted deposition of thin films using molecular titanium alkoxide and amido precursors

Metal-containing polymer thin films are known to possess interesting electrical, magnetic, optical or barrier properties. Such coatings can be deposited by plasma assisted chemical vapour deposition (PACVD). This technique comprises the fragmentation and rearrangement of metallorganic precursors within a low pressure non-equilibrium electrical discharge. In this work, the deposition of titanium containing species embedded into a polymeric network from titanium tetraisopropoxide (TiTP), Ti[OCH(CH(_3))(_2)](_4), and tetrakis (dimethylamido) titanium (TMT), Ti[N(CH(_3))(_2)](_4), precursors has been investigated as a function of glow discharge power and substrate location. In addition these precursors have been mixed with hydrogen and ammonia gases during PACVD. These metal-containing plasma polymers layers have been characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and atomic force microscopy (AFM).It has been demonstrated that Ti02/polymer composite layers can be produced using the TiTP precursor with a wide range of stoichiometries. The mixing of hydrogen gas with TiTP create films which are stable towards oxidation and aging. TiTP/ammonia mixtures produced Ti(0,N)/polymer films which contained Ti-N bonds. Injection of TMT into a glow discharge has been found to result in a non-thermally assisted intramolecular alkyl (3-hydrogen activation mechanism to produce Ti(0,C,N)/polymer composite films. The film composition is found to be independent of glow discharge power beyond 5 W. Mixing with hydrogen gas lowers the carbon content due to recombination reactions competing with plasma polymerization. TMT/ammonia mixtures result in a gas phase transamination reaction prior to and during plasma activation causing a drop in the total carbon content due to replacement of the -N(CH(_3))(_2) ligand by –NH(_x)

Infinitesimal rigidity of a compact hyperbolic 4-orbifold with totally geodesic boundary

Kerckhoff and Storm conjectured that compact hyperbolic n-orbifolds with totally geodesic boundary are infinitesimally rigid when n>3. This paper verifies this conjecture for a specific example based on the 4-dimensional hyperbolic 120-cell.Comment: 9 page

Restorative practice and behaviour management in schools: discipline meets care.

The history of restorative practices in New Zealand schools is directly related to projects such as the Suspension Reduction Initiative (SRI) and the more recent Student Engagement Initiative (SEI); thus the origins of restorative practices in schools are linked with behaviour management and school discipline. During the same period, teachers' work has become more complex: They are working with an increasingly diverse range of students, which in turn requires epistemologically diverse teaching and relationship-building approaches to ensure maximum participation for all. Teachers are looking for new and better ways to interact with students in their classrooms, and those responsible for disciplinary systems are looking to restorative practice for new ways to resolve the increasing range and number of difficulties between teachers and students, students and other students, and between the school and parents. Restorative practices (RP) are currently seen as a way of achieving all this, so they carry a huge burden of hope. Relationship skills are a key competency in the new curriculum, and the philosophy of restoration offers both a basis for understanding and a process for putting this agenda into practice. In effect, it means educating for citizenship in a diverse world, including teaching the skills of conflict resolution. If we accept this philosophy, the curriculum for teacher education will require significant changes in what students are taught about behaviour and classroom management

The interfacial, emulsification and encapsulation properties of hydrophobically modified inulin

Octenyl- and dodecenyl succinic anhydride derivatives (OSA- and DDSA-) of inulin have been synthesised and their solution and interfacial properties have been determined and compared to a commercially available alkylated inulin, Inutec SP1. All samples formed micellar aggregates in solution above a critical concentration (critical aggregation concentration) and were able to ‘dissolve’ a hydrophobic dye. They were also able to form stable oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions as assessed by measurements of their droplet size as a function of time. DDSA-inulin with a high degree of substitution was found to be effective at encapsulating beta carotene using the solvent evaporation method which yielded a solid which dissolved readily in simulated gastric fluid. The results confirm the potential application of these materials in a number of areas including, drug delivery, pharmaceuticals, neutraceuticals, cosmetics and personal care

Synthesis of cationic alkylated chitosans and an investigation of their rheological properties and interaction with anionic surfactant

Two methods were used to alkylate high MW chitosan with glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride (GTAC) in order to produce chitosan derivatives that are water-soluble throughout the pH range. In addition, a novel chitosan derivative was created by alkylating one of the products with the GTAC analogue Quab 342 containing C12 alkyl chains. The phase behaviour and rheological characteristics of the chitosan derivatives were studied in the presence of anionic surfactant. The derivatives were found to form soluble complexes at low and high SDS concentrations and that the Quab 342 derivative was able to form gels

Proton spin-lattice relaxation and methyl group rotation

Proton spin-lattice relaxation times have been measured at 16, 31, and 59 MHz in 4-methyl-2,6-ditertiarybutyl phenol between 80 K and its melting point, 340 K. The variation of T1 with temperature shows too distinct minima. The lower-temperature minimum has been analyzed in terms of relaxation by reorientation of four of the six t-butyl methyl groups with an average apparent activation energy of about 2.4 kcal mole−1 (104 meV molecule−1). The higher-temperature minimum has been analyzed in terms of relaxation by reorientation of the t-butyl groups about their C3 axes with four of the six t-butyl methyl groups reorienting very rapidly, and the remaining two reorienting with correlation time similar to that of the t-butyl group. The activation energy for the higher-temperature minimum is 5.76 kcal mole−1 (250 meV molecule−1). Steric potential calculations are used to add weight to these assignments, and a number of peculiarities displayed by the lower-temperature minimum are discussed

Proton spin-lattice relaxation and methyl group rotation

Proton spin-lattice relaxation times have been measured at 16, 31, and 59 MHz in 4-methyl-2,6-ditertiarybutyl phenol between 80 K and its melting point, 340 K. The variation of T1 with temperature shows too distinct minima. The lower-temperature minimum has been analyzed in terms of relaxation by reorientation of four of the six t-butyl methyl groups with an average apparent activation energy of about 2.4 kcal mole−1 (104 meV molecule−1). The higher-temperature minimum has been analyzed in terms of relaxation by reorientation of the t-butyl groups about their C3 axes with four of the six t-butyl methyl groups reorienting very rapidly, and the remaining two reorienting with correlation time similar to that of the t-butyl group. The activation energy for the higher-temperature minimum is 5.76 kcal mole−1 (250 meV molecule−1). Steric potential calculations are used to add weight to these assignments, and a number of peculiarities displayed by the lower-temperature minimum are discussed

Urban places, urban pleasures: the cultural use of civic space

Humanities Research Group Working Papers 10https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/hrg-working-papers/1009/thumbnail.jp