Alkene aminations catalysed by transition metals

Amines, especially long chain tertiary alkylamines, are industrially useful compounds with a relatively high commercial value. They are currently synthesised by a variety of multi-step processes, but a simple "one pot" catalytic synthesis is a highly desirable alternative with considerable potential advantages over existing methods. This thesis is concerned with possible routes to alkylated amines via amination of alkenes promoted by transition metals. The chemistry of transition metal alkene complexes relevant to amination of the alkene, is reviewed in detail. A search is made for complexes suitable for use as models with which to study the catalytic process. In an attempt to minimise nucleophilic attack at the metal centre, but maximise attack at coordinated alkenes, attempts were made to synthesise complexes containing strongly σ-donating anionic groups. In this context, reactions of palladium compounds with the dianion of N,N'-diphenyloxamide (PhNCOCONPh) are reported, which relate to the synthesis of previously unknown palladium alkene complexes. Also reported are some attempted reactions of amines with known metal alkene complexes

Steering a course for the future with sticks, stones, grass and a little sharkskin: the case for revitalisation of sail technology and sailing culture as a practical sea - transport response to climate change and fossil fuel dependence and supply issues in Fiji

The paper makes an initial case for a more detailed inquiry into and analysis of the role sail technology might play in seeking sustainable and Oceanian -centred sea-transport adaptations for the region. Immediate and pressing challenges that face the coastal and island communities of Oceania include increasing environmental degradation, the uncertain effects of a climate change future and increasing dependency on imported fossil fuel with related concerns of supply and price security. Global interest in alternative energy technologies is widespread but sea transport generally and sail technology in particular have not been seriously explored. Past lessons and recent research indicate strong potential for sail technology to provide practical and multiple benefits to island and village communities as a viable alternative, although substantial barriers exist to such a revitalisation. Sail has potential at all levels of local, national and regional sea transport. The example of a fleet of small-scale, village based, sail powered catamarans is explored. The research focus of this paper is geographically limited to a Fijian example but is expected to have regional applicability

Sustainable Sea Transport for the Pacific Islands: The Obvious Way Forward

Sea transport is the lifeline of Pacific countries and communities, moving the majority of people, goods and resources. It is crucial for trade, economic development and impacts upon virtually every development initiative. Yet for many Pacific countries, existing maritime transport services are increasingly unaffordable and unsustainable. Ships are often old, poorly maintained and inefficient, and there is a vicious cycle of old ships being replaced with old ships. Fossil fuel is often the largest single operating cost for shipping operators.AusAI

Mobilizing hegemonic practices in trajectories of conspicuous resistance

PurposeFocusing on a community organisation, the purpose of this paper is to unravel the process through which infringing contested practices that threaten or compromise the community’s sense of distinction are transformed into acceptable symbolic markers.Design/methodology/approachAn ethnographic study comprising participant observation, in-depth interviews and secondary data was conducted in the context of a non-profit community cinema.FindingsTaking a longitudinal approach and drawing from practice theory, this paper outlines how member-driven, customer-driven and necessity-imposed infringing practices settle in new contexts. Further, this paper demonstrates that such practices are filtered in terms of their ideological “fit” with the organisation and are, as a result, rejected, recontextualised or replaced with do-it-yourself alternatives. In this process, authority shifts from the contested practice to community members and eventually to the space as a whole, ensuring the singularisation of the cinema-going experience.Practical implicationsThis paper addresses how the integration of hegemonic practices to an off-the-mainstream experience can provide a differentiation tool, aiding resisting organisations to compensate for their lack of resources.Originality/valueWhile the appropriation practices that communities use to ensure distinction are well documented, there is little understanding of the journey that negatively contested practices undergo in their purification to more community-friendly forms. This paper theorises this journey by outlining how the objects, meanings and doings that comprise hegemonic practices are transformed by and transforming of resisting organisations

Investigating Community or Peer Group Influence among Early Adolescents

Having friends or being part of a friendship or peer group is a significant social achievement for adolescents and an indicator of social competence (Berndt, 1990). Whilst it has been acknowledged that child peer influence varies with age, gender and product situations, previous findings do not consider adolescent peer influence in relation to the family structure and type. This paper considers how peer groups or "communities" influence consumption of music during early adolescence and how this consumption is moderated by family type (intact, blended or single)

Resistance to Ritual Practice: Exploring Perceptions of Others

Purpose: This paper contributes to the special issue theme by exploring the perceptions of anti-consumption and resistant practices of adolescents by their peer group in the context of high school prom attendance. Originality: Possible causes for avoiding consumption have been previously considered however, as yet unexplored are how those who do not consume are perceived by their peers and how this manifests itself in relation to group affiliation, attendees’ perception of ‘self’ and social norms. Methodology/Sampling: This paper employs a mixed methods approach involving 12 in-depth interviews with those who had attended a high school prom in the last three years and open questions on a survey to adolescents. Findings: Four main perceptions of non-attendance were identified: non-choice, risk aversion, passive disengagement and intentional disengagement. Perceptions of anti-consumption and resistance will have social implications for the non-attendee/s but the extent to which non-attendance is viewed negatively will also be moderated by existing social status of the non-attendee/s. Originality/value: Possible causes for avoiding consumption have been previously considered, however, as yet unexplored are how those who do not consume are perceived by their peers and how this manifests itself in relation to group affiliation, attendees' perception of "self" and social norms

Social Collective Decision Making among Adolescents:A Review and a Revamp

This article revamps the work of Ward and Reingen (1990) to examine adolescent normative behavior in a social collective decision-making group. This is of particular importance as it will enhance an understanding of the youth market both through the social context employed here as well as the social interaction that occurs when adolescent decisions are made. Employing a diachronic qualitative methodology, this research explores collective decisions made by adolescents on a high school prom organizing committee and reveals influencing strategies (e.g., coalition formation, bargaining) as well as approaches to managing conflict and conflict resolution. A model is proposed, which examines the role of both intra- and intercoalition formation and subsequent influence on decision making. Identification of conflict resolution strategies (e.g., yielding, dominating, and disassociation), employed at different stages of preparation for this event, are recognized as having both theoretical and practical marketing managerial implications

Multiple Selves and the Relevance of the Familial Context

Adolescence is a period that allows for experimentation of new behaviours and the temporary adoption of different selves. Indeed, a number of researchers have questioned the notion of a single identity and proposed a more flexible and temporary construct (Hall 1996). If the way in which individuals express themselves is intrinsically linked to the concept of identity and sense of self, understanding how identities are formed and how this may influence consumption has significant implications for marketing. This paper considers if the concept of multiple selves is evident through adolescent music consumption and what, if any, variables facilitate in understanding the adolescent and their sense of "self". These initial exploratory findings suggest that the adolescents in this sample raised in blended and single parent families have a greater number of "selves" and invest more resources to belong to social groups

Insider Trading? Exploring Familial Intra-generational Borrowing and Sharing

This paper seeks to explore the concepts of borrowing and sharing and their relevance for our understanding of consumer socialisation. Whilst previous research has tended to focus on the parent-child dyad, this study considers the role of siblings in relation to learning. Specifically this research focused on pairs of adolescent sisters and the way in which they managed the ‘exchange processes’ within their family home. The findings suggest that borrowing and sharing are different concepts with sharing being imposed and relatively simple whilst borrowing is voluntary yet complex. Strategies learnt and employed by the sisters including covert borrowing and conflict avoidance are described. Implications for consumer behaviour, marketers and policy makers are discussed

Attentional windowing in David Foster Wallace’s ‘The Soul Is Not a Smithy’

is is the first book to present an account of literary meaning and effects drawing on our best understanding of mind and language in the form of a Cognitive Grammar. e contributors provide exemplary analyses of a range of literature from science fiction, dystopia, absurdism and graphic novels to the poetry of Wordsworth, Hopkins, Sassoon, Balassi, and Dylan omas, as well as Shakespeare, Chaucer, Barrett Browning, Whitman, Owen and others. e application of Cognitive Grammar allows the discussion of meaning, translation, ambience, action, reflection, multimodality, empathy, experience and literariness itself to be conducted in newly valid ways. With a Foreword by the creator of Cognitive Grammar, Ronald Langacker, and an Aerword by the cognitive scientist Todd Oakley, the book represents the latest advance in literary linguistics, cognitive poetics and literary critical practic