1,163 research outputs found
Small-time asymptotics of stopped L\'evy bridges and simulation schemes with controlled bias
We characterize the small-time asymptotic behavior of the exit probability of
a L\'evy process out of a two-sided interval and of the law of its overshoot,
conditionally on the terminal value of the process. The asymptotic expansions
are given in the form of a first-order term and a precise computable error
bound. As an important application of these formulas, we develop a novel
adaptive discretization scheme for the Monte Carlo computation of functionals
of killed L\'evy processes with controlled bias. The considered functionals
appear in several domains of mathematical finance (e.g., structural credit risk
models, pricing of barrier options, and contingent convertible bonds) as well
as in natural sciences. The proposed algorithm works by adding discretization
points sampled from the L\'evy bridge density to the skeleton of the process
until the overall error for a given trajectory becomes smaller than the maximum
tolerance given by the user.Comment: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.3150/13-BEJ517 the Bernoulli
(http://isi.cbs.nl/bernoulli/) by the International Statistical
Institute/Bernoulli Society (http://isi.cbs.nl/BS/bshome.htm
How Labor-Management Partnerships Improve Patient Care, Cost Control, and Labor Relations: Case Studies of Fletcher Allen Health Care, Kaiser Permanente, and Montefiore Medical Center’s Care Management Corporation
[Excerpt] This paper explores the ways in which healthcare unions and their members are strategically engaging with management through partnership to control costs and improve the patient experience, clinical outcomes, workplace environment, and labor relations. These initiatives depend on making use of the knowledge of front-line healthcare workers, improving communication between all staff members, and increasing transparency. In turn, these initiatives can also lead to more robust and dynamic local unions. Through participating in joint work activities, many union members note feeling more respected in their workplace and more connected to their union. Unions can benefit from these activities by offering their members the ability to inform decisions about how work gets done
Leveling the Playing Field: Attracting, Engaging, and Advancing People with Disabilities
People with disabilities experience significant challenges in finding employment. The participation of people with disabilities in the workforce and their median income are both less than half that of the civilian workforce. They work part time 68 percent more frequently than people without disabilities. These disheartening results persist despite the enactment of significant federal legislation aimed at making the workplace more supportive and accessible to people with disabilities. The Conference Board Research Working Group (RWG) on Improving Employment Outcomes for People with Disabilities was convened to address how to overcome these disparities. It was sponsored by the Employment and Disability Institute at Cornell University, under a grant from the National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research of the U.S. Department of Education. The RWG members focused on four questions:
1) The business case: Is it advantageous for organizations to employ people with disabilities?
2) Organizational readiness: What should organizations do to create a workplace that enables people with disabilities to thrive and advance?
3) Measurement: How can success for both people with disabilities and the organization itself be determined?
4) Self-disclosure: How can people with disabilities, especially those whose disabilities are not obvious, be encouraged to identify themselves so that resources can be directed toward them and outcomes can be measured
Prophage Gifsy-1 Induction in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Reduces Persister Cell Formation after Ciprofloxacin Exposure
Persister cells are drug-tolerant bacteria capable of surviving antibiotic treatment despite the absence of heritable resistance mechanisms. It is generally thought that persister cells survive antibiotic exposure through the implementation of stress responses and/or energy-sparing strategies. Exposure to DNA gyrase-targeting antibiotics could be particularly detrimental for bacteria that carry prophages integrated in their genomes. Gyrase inhibitors are known to induce prophages to switch from their dormant lysogenic state into the lytic cycle, causing the lysis of their bacterial host. However, the influence of resident prophages on the formation of persister cells has only been recently appreciated. Here, we evaluated the effect of endogenous prophage carriage on the generation of bacterial persistence during Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium exposure to both gyrase-targeting antibiotics and other classes of bactericidal antibiotics. Results from the analysis of strain variants harboring different prophage combinations revealed that prophages play a major role in limiting the formation of persister cells during exposure to DNA-damaging antibiotics. In particular, we present evidence that prophage Gifsy-1 (and its encoded lysis proteins) are major factors limiting persister cell formation upon ciprofloxacin exposure. Resident prophages also appear to have a significant impact on the initial drug susceptibility, resulting in an alteration of the characteristic biphasic killing curve of persister cells into a triphasic curve. In contrast, a prophage-free derivative of S. Typhimurium showed no difference in the killing kinetics for β-lactam or aminoglycoside antibiotics. Our study demonstrates that induction of prophages increased the susceptibility toward DNA gyrase inhibitors in S. Typhimurium, suggesting that prophages have the potential for enhancing antibiotic efficacy
Superlattices, polymorphs, and solid state NMR spin-lattice relaxation measurements of 2,6-di-t-butylnaphthalene
Two polymorphs of 2,6-di-tert-butylnaphthalene, which differ by a factor of twelve in the number of crystallographically independent tert-butyl group environments, have been characterized by a synergistic combination of low-frequency 1H NMR spin–lattice relaxation rate measurements and conventional crystallographic structure determinations
‘Super disabilities’ vs ‘Disabilities’?:Theorizing the role of ableism in (mis)representational mythology of disability in the marketplace
People with disabilities (PWD) constitute one of the largest minority groups with one in five people worldwide having a disability. While recognition and inclusion of this group in the marketplace has seen improvement, the effects of (mis)representation of PWD in shaping the discourse on fostering marketplace inclusion of socially marginalized consumers remain little understood. Although effects of misrepresentation (e.g., idealized, exoticized or selective representation) on inclusion/exclusion perceptions and cognitions has received attention in the context of ethnic/racial groups, the world of disability has been largely neglected. By extending the theory of ableism into the context of PWD representation and applying it to the analysis of the We’re the Superhumans advertisement developed for the Rio 2016 Paralympic Games, this paper examines the relationship between the (mis)representation and the inclusion/exclusion discourse. By uncovering that PWD misrepresentations can partially mask and/or redress the root causes of exclusion experienced by PWD in their lived realities, it contributes to the research agenda on the transformative role of consumption cultures perpetuating harmful, exclusionary social perceptions of marginalized groups versus contributing to advancement of their inclusion
Ground ring for the 2D NSR string
We discuss the BSRT quantization of 2D supergravity coupled to
superconformal matter with in the conformal gauge. The
physical states are computed as BRST cohomology. In particular, we consider the
ring structure and associated symmetry algebra for the 2D superstring ().Comment: 31 page
Quantum Mass and Central Charge of Supersymmetric Monopoles - Anomalies, current renormalization, and surface terms
We calculate the one-loop quantum corrections to the mass and central charge
of N=2 and N=4 supersymmetric monopoles in 3+1 dimensions. The corrections to
the N=2 central charge are finite and due to an anomaly in the conformal
central charge current, but they cancel for the N=4 monopole. For the quantum
corrections to the mass we start with the integral over the expectation value
of the Hamiltonian density, which we show to consist of a bulk contribution
which is given by the familiar sum over zero-point energies, as well as surface
terms which contribute nontrivially in the monopole sector. The bulk
contribution is evaluated through index theorems and found to be nonvanishing
only in the N=2 case. The contributions from the surface terms in the
Hamiltonian are cancelled by infinite composite operator counterterms in the
N=4 case, forming a multiplet of improvement terms. These counterterms are also
needed for the renormalization of the central charge. However, in the N=2 case
they cancel, and both the improved and the unimproved current multiplet are
finite.Comment: 1+40 pages, JHEP style. v2: small corrections and additions,
references adde
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