American Romanticism and the Politics of Literary Originality: The Dark Passages of Emerson, Poe, Hawthorne, and Melville

Critics and commentators have recently reinitiated interest in Romanticism within the sphere of nineteenth-century American literature, and have sought to recuperate Romantic aesthetics to explore the implications of the American renaissance. The scholarship in Romantic theory has given impetus to a New Romanticism that synthesizes philosophy of literature--phenomenology and poststructuralism--with cultural and genre studies. This dissertation studies four canonic mid-nineteenth-century American authors--Emerson, Poe, Hawthorne, and Melville--through the nexus of Romantic negativity and originality, and takes a metacritical approach to a transatlantic critical field juxtaposing American Transcendentalism, British Romanticism, and German Idealism within the sphere of an antebellum cultural matrix composed of American literary culture and politics. As a central premise this dissertation acknowledges the dialectical tensions between European concepts of originality stemming from German and British thinkers and critics and the prevailing tenor of Americanism. The tension in the American antebellum critical scene was exacerbated by cultural debates among literati in the main publishing centers, as well as a desire among intellectuals to create a national aesthetic identity. The critical issue for American literati centered on the relation between originality and democracy. This study concludes that among American romantics both British and German metaphysical ideas formed a concept of negative originality, which becomes a central concern specifically in Emerson\u27s Nature, Poe\u27s Eureka, Hawthorne\u27s The Marble Faun, and Melville\u27s The Confidence-Man. While recent studies have explored transatlantic and literary national discursive aspects of genre and publishing in the antebellum era, this study explores the specific relations between a phenomenology of authorship and a hermeneutics of Romantic theory, and situates American Romantic literary theory as an effect of politically charged demands for originality

Competency For Graviresponse In The Leaf‐Sheath Pulvinus Of Avena Sativa: Onset To Loss

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141484/1/ajb211244.pd

Consequences of User Manipulation through Dark Patterns

With increasing competition in the online market, companies frequently apply “dark patterns” to steer user behavior in ways that benefit the company but may harm the user. To date, consequences of dark patterns use are rather unknown. Prior research demonstrated positive effects (e.g., an increase in acceptance rates) and negative effects (e.g., negative emotions) of dark patterns use. To explain these contradictory effects, we draw in information manipulation theory. In a survey experiment we confronted participants with the dark patterns scarcity and sneaking. The results indicate that exposure to dark patterns increases perceived violations of communication maxims, which increase perceived user manipulation. This, in turn, reduces attitude toward the website and website design. Further, the results show that perceived user manipulation is significantly higher for users with low familiarity with online shopping. We plan to validate the findings in a field experiment to be conducted in the near future

Structural Development of the Oat Plant

The anatomical structure and morphology of the oat plant (Avena sativa L.) have been reviewed previously by Hector (1936), Bonnett (1961a,b) and Coffman (1977). In addition, Bonnett published detailed accounts of oat panicle development (1937, 1961a,b). This work has been summarized by Esau in her book, Anatomy of Seed Plants, in 1977. It is not the purpose of the present authors to simply go over all this same material again in a repetitive fashion, but rather, to emphasize some of the more recent and previously overlooked work on structural development of the oat plant, with emphasis on the major cultivated species, A. sativa (see Stanton, 1955; Coffman, 1977 for descriptions of this species). The material presented here should be of use to oat breeders, agronomists, and plant physiologists

Satisfaction with complaint handling:a replication study on its determinants in a business-to-business context

Research on the drivers of satisfaction with complaint handling (SATCOM) underlines the importance of procedural, relational, and interactional justice (Orsingher, Valentini, & de Angelis, 2010). Since these SATCOM-studies are largely conducted in business-to-consumer (B2C) markets, it is unclear what drives SATCOM in business-to-business (B2B) markets. Therefore, we replicate the justice model in an industrial context and find significant differences for procedural justice and interactional justice but not for distributive justice. While distributive justice is equally important in both contexts, procedural justice is more important in B2B markets whereas interactional justice drives SATCOM only in B2C markets

Studying Attractor Symmetries by Means of Cross Correlation Sums

We use the cross correlation sum introduced recently by H. Kantz to study symmetry properties of chaotic attractors. In particular, we apply it to a system of six coupled nonlinear oscillators which was shown by Kroon et al. to have attractors with several different symmetries, and compare our results with those obtained by ``detectives" in the sense of Golubitsky et al.Comment: LaTeX file, 16 pages and 16 postscript figures; tarred, gzipped and uuencoded; submitted to 'Nonlinearity

Evolution of antipredator behavior in an island lizard species, Podarcis erhardii (Reptilia: Lacertidae): The sum of all fears?

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/110598/1/evo12555.pd