El trato diferencial a los refugiados en Irlanda

El Gobierno irlandés realiza considerables esfuerzos para reasentar a los refugiados sirios que llegan a través del proceso de reasentamiento de ACNUR pero no ofrece ayuda a aquellos que buscan asilo a título particular al amparo del sistema de protección internacional, pese a que algunos también proceden de Siria

Toy pianos, poor tools: virtuosity and imagination in a limited context

The toy piano is fast becoming a concert instrument in its own right, with its own (growing) body of repertoire that has moved well beyond John Cage’s 1948 classic Suite for Toy Piano. There are dedicated musicians specialising in toy piano performance all over the world, and numerous composers producing new works written specifically for the toy piano. This unusual miniature instrument provides a respite from the traditional implications of the grand piano, breaks the ice with audiences and allows pianists to perform in locations that would otherwise be inaccessible. In this article the author introduces the history and mechanism of the instrument, performance considerations, extended techniques and approaches to working with electronics, recent repertoire and suggestions for performers and composers. Discussion is supplemented with musical examples

Molecular-genetic analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains spread in different patient groups in St.Petersburg (Russia)

Molecular epidemiological features of M.tuberculosis strains spread among different patient groups in Russia is not studied well. The aim of our study was to compare genotypes of M.tuberculosis strains circulating among TB patients from different groups: homeless, HIV-infected, prisoners and general population of St.Petersburg citizens. 
One hundred fifty M.tuberculosis complex isolates from different TB patient groups were studied using spoligotyping method. 
The majority of studied M.tuberculosis isolates in all groups belonged to Beijing family (56% among homeless; 77% among HIV-infected; 60% among general population; 83% among prisoners). There were no significant difference in Beijing family prevalence among homeless patients, HIV/TB co-infected and general population of TB patients. The lowest genetic diversity of the pathogen was detected among imprisoned patients. 
Results of our study demonstrate that M.tuberculosis strains circulating among homeless and HIV-infected people are also spread among general population of St.Petersburg citizens. Thus, we have investigated participation of high-risk groups in the TB infection spread in the city

Modern Trends in Education in the Era of Digitalization: Task and Prospects of Development

The article suggests an overall review of modern technological trends in education. The authors aimed to figure out the objectives, benefits and obstacles of their development. The article deals with innovations, which have already been and are being implemented in education system with Industry 5.0 shortly ahead. The main aim is to determine social and cultural impact of rapid digitalization in the sphere of education. Research methods were based on deductive categories. Elements of descriptive and comparative analysis were applied for identification of major patterns and tendencies. The review given by the authors proves that education is one of the main challenges for authorities, teachers and students in terms of digitalization. The results of the research indicate the importance of new paradigm and reconsidering of educational environment in general. It involves technological, social and communicative aspects. Some conventional standards have become obsolete and we need to acknowledge the fact. Modern society is facing not only technological challenges but also the ones concerning attitude and skills. We can conclude that effective agreement between social and technological process can be reached if legal framework and standardized approaches are involved

Formation of cultural identity in the conditions of modernization of Russian society

The article considers the problems of intercultural communication and forming the cultural identity of the Russians in the conditions of the integrated process of the primary and secondary modernization in Russia in general, and in some regions.Рассматриваются проблемы межкультурной коммуникации и формирования культурной идентичности россиян в условиях интегрированного процесса первичной и вторичной модернизации России в целом и её отдельных регионов

Emotivity and evaluation as key components of connotation of dysphemistic phraseological units based on hyperbole in Russian and English

As a result of analysis of phraseological units with negative evaluation of a person in English and Russian main emotive semes are identified (contemptuous, neglecting, disapproving, ironical, neutral, joky, approving), which can lay the foundation of integrated system of emotional evaluative signs in phraseological dictionaries.В результате анализа фразеологизмов, дающих негативную оценку человеку в английском и русском языках, выделяются основные эмосемы (презрительная, пренебрежительная, неодобрительная, ироническая, нейтральная, шутливая, одобрительная), которые могут лечь в основу построения единой системы эмоционально-оценочных помет при фразеологизмах в словарях

Conserved functional domains and a novel tertiary interaction near the pseudoknot drive translational activity of hepatitis C virus and hepatitis C virus-like internal ribosome entry sites

The translational activity of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) internal ribosome entry site (IRES) and other HCV-like IRES RNAs depends on structured RNA elements in domains II and III, which serve to recruit the ribosomal 40S subunit, eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 3 and the ternary eIF2/Met-tRNAiMet/GTP complex and subsequently domain II assists subunit joining. Porcine teschovirus-1 talfan (PTV-1) is a member of the Picornaviridae family, with a predicted HCV-like secondary structure, but only stem-loops IIId and IIIe in the 40S-binding domain display significant sequence conservation with the HCV IRES. Here, we use chemical probing to show that interaction sites with the 40S subunit and eIF3 are conserved between HCV and HCV-like IRESs. In addition, we reveal the functional role of a strictly conserved co-variation between a purine–purine mismatch near the pseudoknot (A–A/G) and the loop sequence of domain IIIe (GAU/CA). These nucleotides are involved in a tertiary interaction, which serves to stabilize the pseudoknot structure and correlates with translational efficiency in both the PTV-1 and HCV IRES. Our data demonstrate conservation of functional domains in HCV and HCV-like IRESs including a more complex structure surrounding the pseudoknot than previously assumed

The price of war: Macroeconomic effects of the 2022 sanctions on Russia

Following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022, the US, Europe, and many other countries imposed new economic sanctions on Russia. This column assesses the economic effects of these sanctions using a structural vector auto-regression model of the Russian economy. The findings suggest that industrial production, consumption, and investment will all decline, and that Russian GDP will contract by -12.5% to -16.5% in 2022. Nevertheless, the Russian economy will continue to rely on its existing export model, which may be difficult to undermine, even with potential oil and gas embargoes

Position of eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF1A on the 40S ribosomal subunit mapped by directed hydroxyl radical probing

The universally conserved eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF), eIF1A, plays multiple roles throughout initiation: it stimulates eIF2/GTP/Met-tRNAiMet attachment to 40S ribosomal subunits, scanning, start codon selection and subunit joining. Its bacterial ortholog IF1 consists of an oligonucleotide/oligosaccharide-binding (OB) domain, whereas eIF1A additionally contains a helical subdomain, N-terminal tail (NTT) and C-terminal tail (CTT). The NTT and CTT both enhance ribosomal recruitment of eIF2/GTP/Met-tRNAiMet, but have opposite effects on the stringency of start codon selection: the CTT increases, whereas the NTT decreases it. Here, we determined the position of eIF1A on the 40S subunit by directed hydroxyl radical cleavage. eIF1A's OB domain binds in the A site, similar to IF1, whereas the helical subdomain contacts the head, forming a bridge over the mRNA channel. The NTT and CTT both thread under Met-tRNAiMet reaching into the P-site. The NTT threads closer to the mRNA channel. In the proposed model, the NTT does not clash with either mRNA or Met-tRNAiMet, consistent with its suggested role in promoting the ‘closed’ conformation of ribosomal complexes upon start codon recognition. In contrast, eIF1A-CTT appears to interfere with the P-site tRNA-head interaction in the ‘closed’ complex and is likely ejected from the P-site upon start codon recognition