Performance and economic potential of Eucalyptus plants grown in silvipastoral systems in Pampa Biome.

The aims of the current study are to assess the performance of genetic materials of eucalyptus trees planted in different arrangements, to measure the stock of forest multiproducts and to investigate the financial viability of these plantations in silvopastoral systems in Bagé (RS). Data were collected between June 2018 and August 2019, in 15 family livestock properties in 2013 and 2014. Data about plant growth (diameter at breast height, height, total and comercial volume) and mortality were collected. The economic viability of eucalyptus plantations was analyzed based on a market study and Net Present Value (NPV) and Equivalent Annual Cost (EAC) methods. It was possible concluding that the introduction of this forestry component in pastoral systems can increasing income in rural properties, both by trading forest products and using it in the property. The investment in afforesting native fields with eucalyptus has great potential to generate financial surpluses at significantly younger cutting ages than that of the economic rotation often applied to this genus in the region. Key words: Integration systems; Eucalyptus dunnii; economic viability.WCCLF. Evento online

Desempenho e potencial econômico para o eucalipto em sistemas silvipastoris em Bagé-RS.

O trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar o desempenho de materiais genéticos de eucalipto plantados em diferentes arranjos, quantificar o estoque de multiprodutos florestais e avaliar a viabilidade financeira destes plantios em sistemas silvipastoris na região de Bagé (RS). Os dados foram coletados entre junho de 2018 e agosto de 2019 em 15 Unidades de Referência Tecnológicas implantadas em propriedades de pecuária familiar e no campo experimental da Embrapa em 2013 e 2014. Foram coletados dados de crescimento (diâmetro à altura do peito, altura, volume total e por sortimentos), mortalidade, forma e qualidade do tronco, fitossanidade, danos por animais e ventos e verificada a viabilidade econômica dos plantios com base em um estudo de mercado. Concluiu-se que a introdução do componente florestal em sistemas pastoris praticados na região pode contribuir para o incremento da renda na propriedade rural, tanto pela comercialização do produto florestal como pelo seu uso na propriedade. O investimento em arborizar o campo nativo com eucalipto tem grande potencial para gerar excedentes financeiros em idades bem inferiores à de rotação econômica comumente empregada para o gênero na região.bitstream/item/219505/1/BPD-45-online.pd

O eucalipto em sistemas de integração lavoura-pecuária-floresta (ILPF) no Bioma Pampa.

Resumo: O bioma Pampa, restrito ao estado do Rio Grande do Sul, ocupa uma área de 176.496 km², correspondendo a 63% do território estadual e a 2,07% do território brasileiro. A cadeia produtiva da pecuária é uma das mais tradicionais desse bioma e segue mantendo grande importância econômica e social e poder de integração regional. Suas pastagens nativas de clima subtropical representam um patrimônio natural, genético e cultural e têm na pecuária extensiva a sua vocação e principal atividade econômica. Entretanto, a baixa produtividade e rentabilidade da pecuária tradicional praticada na região têm sido determinante na conversão dos campos nativos em outras atividades econômicas, como as lavouras e a silvicultura. A busca de sustentabilidade nas fazendas é um desafio para a competitividade no mercado globalizado. Nesse cenário, devido ao forte apelo ambiental, econômico e social, os sistemas de integração lavoura-pecuária-floresta (ILPF) têm sido considerados como uma estratégia de uso sustenta¬do da terra, principalmente pela possibilidade da produção simultânea de carne, forragem e madeira, conciliando desenvolvimento, tradição e modernidade. O presente capítulo apresenta um breve histórico de pesquisas com esses sistemas de integração, com espécies do gênero Eucalyptus, e registra estudos de caso exitosos com os sistemas silvipastoris envolvendo insti¬tuições de pesquisa universidades e iniciativas privadas. Destacam-se pesquisas com sistemas silvipastoris na redução de emissões de gases efeito estufa e na recuperação de áreas degradadas com capim-annoni, bem como, a expansão das áreas cultivadas com sistemas de integração pecuária-floresta no bioma Pampa. Abstract: The Pampa biome, which in Brazil occurs only in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, occupies an area of 176,496 km², corresponding to 63% of the state territory and 2.07% of the Brazilian territory. Livestock production is one of the most traditional in this biome and continues to be economically and socially significant, while supporting regional integration. The native, subtropical pastures of the Pampa represent a natural, genetic and cultural heritage, and livestock production continues to be the main economic activity. However, low-levels of productivity and profitability associated with traditional livestock farming in the region has been a key driver of the conversion of native pastures into other agricultural activities, such as crops and forestry. In order for farms to remain competitive in the globalized market, there is an increasing need for the integration of sustainable practices. Due to their significant environmental, economic and social appeal, integrated crop-livestock-forest (ICLF) systems are considered a sustainable land use strategy, mainly due to the possibility of simultaneously producing meat, forage and wood, thus reconciling development with tradition and modernity. This chapter offers a brief history of research on these integrated systems with species of the Eucalyptus genus and describes successful case studies with silvopastoral systems involving research institutions, universities, and private initiatives. Research on silvopastoral systems to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and recover degraded areas with Annoni grass, as well as the expansion of areas cultivated with integrated livestock-forest systems in the biome, are highlighted.bitstream/item/223931/1/EmbrapaFlorestas-2021-LV-EucaliptoEmbrapa-cap33.pd

Sistema silvipastoril na região da Campanha do Rio Grande do Sul.

Sistemas silvipastoris; Projeto silvipastoril da Região da Campanha; Implantação e manejo das árvores; Implantação e manejo das pastagensbitstream/item/129414/1/Sistema-Silvipastori-pdfl.pd

The role of supporters in facilitating the use of technologies by adolescents and adults with learning disabilities: a place for positive risk-taking?

The role of supporters in facilitating access to and use of technology by people (adolescents and adults) with learning disabilities has not been the primary focus of much of the research that has been undertaken to date. The review of literature presented in this paper suggests, however, that issues of support, risk and safety are emerging as factors that have a significant influence on the quality of technology access and use that adults with learning disabilities experience. There is a need for more research into how the relationship between supporters, technologies, adolescents and adults with learning disabilities is mediated by risk, and this paper offers an original perspective on how positive risk-taking might be a useful conceptual framework to aid in the exploration of this relationship

Acute effects of intracranial hypertension and ARDS on pulmonary and neuronal damage: a randomized experimental study in pigs

Abstract PURPOSE: To determine reciprocal and synergistic effects of acute intracranial hypertension and ARDS on neuronal and pulmonary damage and to define possible mechanisms. METHODS: Twenty-eight mechanically ventilated pigs were randomized to four groups of seven each: control; acute intracranial hypertension (AICH); acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS); acute respiratory distress syndrome in combination with acute intracranial hypertension (ARDS + AICH). AICH was induced with an intracranial balloon catheter and the inflation volume was adjusted to keep intracranial pressure (ICP) at 30-40 cmH2O. ARDS was induced by oleic acid infusion. Respiratory function, hemodynamics, extravascular lung water index (ELWI), lung and brain computed tomography (CT) scans, as well as inflammatory mediators, S100B, and neuronal serum enolase (NSE) were measured over a 4-h period. Lung and brain tissue were collected and examined at the end of the experiment. RESULTS: In both healthy and injured lungs, AICH caused increases in NSE and TNF-alpha plasma concentrations, extravascular lung water, and lung density in CT, the extent of poorly aerated (dystelectatic) and atelectatic lung regions, and an increase in the brain tissue water content. ARDS and AICH in combination induced damage in the hippocampus and decreased density in brain CT. CONCLUSIONS: AICH induces lung injury and also exacerbates pre-existing damage. Increased extravascular lung water is an early marker. ARDS has a detrimental effect on the brain and acts synergistically with intracranial hypertension to cause histological hippocampal damage

Prenatal care utilization in Hawaii: did it improve during the last 16 years?

This paper examines the utilization of prenatal care in Hawaii from 1979 to 1994 to determine if early and adequate utilization of prenatal care has changed during this period. Birth certificates of single live born infants of resident women were the source of data for the study. During the study period, the proportion of women receiving prenatal care in the first trimester increased by nearly 5 percent but was still below the national and state Year 2000 health objective of 90 percent. Notwithstanding this improvement, the percentage of women who did not receive the recommended number of visits in spite of starting care early significantly increased. The overall proportion of women with 'intensive' prenatal care use markedly increased (134.7%). The proportion of women with 'inadequate' care use declined (10.3%), although the proportion of women with 'no care' use doubled. Complete reporting of use of care through birth certificates markedly deteriorated. The findings of this study indicate the need for changes in the targeting and provision of counseling and education on the part of health care providers. Public health leaders, policy makers, health care providers, and advocacy groups need to collectively review programmatic directions with an aim toward the development of innovative approaches to address the emerging health needs of mothers and infants in the state

Free propagation phase-contrast breast CT provides higher image quality than cone-beam breast-CT at low radiation doses: a feasibility study on human mastectomies

In this study we demonstrate the first direct comparison between synchrotron x-ray propagation-based CT (PB-CT) and cone-beam breast-CT (CB-CT) on human mastectomy specimens (N = 12) including different benign and malignant lesions. The image quality and diagnostic power of the obtained data sets were compared and judged by two independent expert radiologists. Two cases are presented in detail in this paper including a comparison with the corresponding histological evaluation. Results indicate that with PB-CT it is possible to increase the level of contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) keeping the same level of dose used for the CB-CT or achieve the same level of CNR reached by CB-CT at a lower level of dose. In other words, PB-CT can achieve a higher diagnostic potential compared to the commercial breast-CT system while also delivering a considerably lower mean glandular dose. Therefore, we believe that PB-CT technique, if translated to a clinical setting, could have a significant impact in improving breast cancer diagnosis