A Biology Laboratory Exercise Using Macromolecule Assays to Distinguish Four Types of Milk

<p>One of the drawbacks of cookbook-style laboratory exercises for General Biology courses is that students are not challenged to develop skills in scientific reasoning, such as formulating hypotheses and designing and carrying out experiments. Several traditional laboratory curricula include exercises involving semi-quantitative colorimetric assays to detect proteins (biuret test), reducing sugars (Benedict’s test), starch (Lugol’s test), and lipids (Sudan red test) in a variety of easily prepared solutions (glucose, albumin, glycine, etc.) and familiar food items (lemon juice, cornstarch, egg white, etc.). An extension of this lab exercise was developed to allow students to use their knowledge of the macromolecule assays to design an experiment to distinguish four types of “milk”: whole milk, skim milk, cream, and soy milk (rice milk or almond milk could also be included).</p

Suppression of field-induced spin density wave order in Sr_{3}Ru_{2}O_{7} with pressure

Measuring the resistivity of high-purity single crystals of Sr_{3}Ru_{2}O_{7} under pressure, we find strong evidence that the field-induced spin density wave phase at the H ∥ c metamagnetic transition is suppressed at a surprisingly low pressure of ∼ 3 ± 1 kbar. This offers the possibility of studying a bare quasi-two-dimensional spin density wave quantum critical point, testing the T → 0 K limit of theories of Planckian dissipation and quantum criticality. Preliminary attempts to fit ρ(T) with a quantum critical spin fluctuation model, while encouraging, reveal a need for further, complementary measurements

Characterisation of LV myocardial exercise function by 2-D strain deformation imaging in elite adolescent footballers

This is the final version. Available on open access from Springer via the DOI in this recordPurpose: Few data exist on the descriptions of LV myocardial mechanics and reserve during dynamic exercise of adolescent athletes. The aim of this study was to describe the LV myocardial and cardiopulmonary changes during exercise using 2-D strain deformation imaging. Methods: Elite adolescent male football players (n = 42) completed simultaneous cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and exercise echocardiography measurement of LV myocardial deformation by 2-D strain imaging. LV longitudinal and circumferential 2-D strain and strain rates were analyzed at each stage during incremental exercise to a work rate of 150 W. Additionally, exercise LV myocardial deformation and its relation to metabolic exercise parameters were evaluated at each exercise stage and in recovery using repeated measures ANOVA, linear regression and paired t tests. Results: LV peak systolic baseline 2-D strain (longitudinal: − 15.4 ± 2.5%, circumferential: − 22.5 ± 3.1%) increased with each exercise stage, but longitudinal strain plateaued at 50 W (mean strain reserve − 7.8 ± 3.0) and did not significantly increase compared to subsequent exercise stages (P > 0.05), whilst circumferential strain (mean strain reserve − 11.6 ± 3.3) significantly increased (P < 0.05) throughout exercise up to 150 W as the dominant mechanism of exercise LV contractility increase. Regression analyses showed LV myocardial strain increased linearly relative to HR, VO2 and O2 pulse (P < 0.05) for circumferential deformation, but showed attenuation for longitudinal deformation. Conclusion: This study describes LV myocardial deformation dynamics by 2-D strain and provides reference values for LV myocardial strain and strain rate during exercise in adolescent footballers. It found important differences between LV longitudinal and circumferential myocardial mechanics during exercise and introduces a methodology that can be used to quantify LV function and cardiac reserve during exercise in adolescent athletes.National Institute for Health Research (NIHR

Supplement to Christian Chronicle, May 10, 1968

A supplement to the Christian Chronicle, this special issue contains a report of the Race Relations Workshop held March 4-8, 1968, in Nashville, Tennessee at Schrader Lane Church of Christ. Included are full texts of speeches delivered by the workshop theme speakers: David Jones, Jr., Lawrence L. (Bud) Stumbaugh, James Dennis, Sr., Don Finto, leon Hill, Phillip Roseberry, Joseph Tucker, Joe Tomlinson, Perry Wallace, Jim Mayo, Walter E. Burch, and an article by David Lipscomb condensed from the February 21, 1878 Gospel Advocate

Investigating the Accuracy of Quantitative Echocardiographic-Modified Task Force Criteria for Arrhythmogenic Ventricular Cardiomyopathy in Adolescent Male Elite Athletes

This is the final version. Available on open access from Springer via the DOI in this recordAthlete preparticipation screening focuses on preventing sudden cardiac death (SCD) by detecting diseases such as arrhythmogenic ventricular cardiomyopathy (AVC), which affects primarily the right ventricular myocardium. Diagnosis may be obscured by physiological remodeling of the athlete heart. Healthy athletes may meet the 2010 Task Force Criteria right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) dimension cut-offs, questioning the suitability of the modified Task Force Criteria (mTFC) in adolescent athletes. In this study, 67 male adolescent footballers undergoing preparticipation screening were reviewed. All athletes underwent a screening for resting ECG and echocardiogram according to the English FA protocol, as well as cardiopulmonary exercise testing, stress ECG, and exercise echocardiography. Athletes' right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) that met the major AVC diagnostic criteria for dilatation were identified. Of 67 evaluated athletes, 7 had RVOT dilatation that met the major criteria, all in the long axis parasternal view measurement. All had normal right ventricular systolic function, including normal free-wall longitudinal strain (ranging from - 21.5 to - 32.7%). Left ventricular ejection fraction ranged from 52 to 67%, without evidence of structural changes. Resting ECGs and cardiopulmonary exercise tests were normal in all individuals. In a series of healthy athletes meeting the major AVC diagnostic criteria for RVOT dilatation, none had any other pathological changes on a detailed screening including ECG, exercise testing, and echocardiography. This report highlights that current AVC echocardiographic diagnosis criteria have limitations in this population.National Institute for Health Research (NIHR)Medical Research Council (MRC

Extensive Copy-Number Variation of Young Genes across Stickleback Populations

MM received funding from the Max Planck innovation funds for this project. PGDF was supported by a Marie Curie European Reintegration Grant (proposal nr 270891). CE was supported by German Science Foundation grants (DFG, EI 841/4-1 and EI 841/6-1). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript