Data from: Parallel polyploid speciation: distinct sympatric gene-pools of recurrently derived allo-octoploid Asplenium ferns

Although polyploidy is widespread, its significance to the generation of biodiversity remains unclear. Many polyploids have been derived recurrently. For a particular polyploid, gene-flow between the products of independent origin is typical where they come into contact. Here, we use AFLP DNA-fingerprinting and chloroplast DNA sequences to demonstrate parallel polyploid speciation within both of the ferns Asplenium cimmeriorum and A. gracillimum. Both of these taxa comprise at least two allopolyploids, recurrently derived from the same progenitor pair. Each of these allopolyploids remain genetically distinguishable even with extensive sympatry, and could therefore be considered distinct species. To our knowledge, parallel speciation on this scale amongst recurrent polyploids has not been previously reported. With their parallel origins, these 'evolutionary replicates' provide an unrivalled opportunity to investigate how the reproductive barriers and ecological differentiation necessary for speciation arise following polyploidy

AFLP data in nexus format

AFLP data in nexus forma

Un synopsis des fougères du genre <i>Ptisana</i> Murdock (Marattiaceae) en Nouvelle-Calédonie fondé sur des données de séquence et sur la morphologie, avec reconnaissance d’une nouvelle espèce vulnérable <i>P. soluta </i>comb. nov., stat. nov.

Bien que la Nouvelle-Calédonie soit connue comme un centre d’endémisme botanique, sa flore des fougères a été sous-étudiée. De récentes collectes de Ptisana Murdock, un genre souvent faiblement représenté dans les herbiers en raison de sa grande taille, a permis une nouvelle étude de phylogénie moléculaire et une révision des taxonomies proposées précédemment, fondées sur la morphologie. Des données de séquence de l’espèce naine en danger (EN) P. rolandi-principis (Rosenst.) Christenh. sont obtenues pour la première fois et confirment qu’elle est génétiquement distincte, justifiant une reconnaissance au niveau spécifique. Des études précédentes suggéraient que l’espèce P. salicina (Sm.) Murdock, largement répandue dans le Pacifique Sud, était présente en Nouvelle-Calédonie. Cependant, de nouvelles analyses indiquent que les plantes de Nouvelle-Calédonie appartiennent à un taxon endémique, reconnu ici pour la première fois au rang d’espèce comme Ptisana soluta (Compton) Murdock &amp; Perrie, comb. nov., stat. nov., avec un statut de conservation vulnerable (VU). L’espèce néocalédonienne la plus commune et endémique P. attenuata (Labill.) Murdock est génétiquement variable, ce qui justifie d’autres recherches systématiques et phylogéographiques.While New Caledonia is known as a centre of plant endemism, its fern flora has been under-studied. Recent collections of Ptisana Murdock, a genus often poorly represented in herbaria due to their large size, enabled new molecular phylogenetic investigation and a reassessment of previously proposed taxonomies based on morphology. Sequence data from the endangered (EN) dwarf species P. rolandi-principis (Rosenst.) Christenh. are obtained for the first time and confirm that it is genetically distinct and warrants recognition at the species level. Previous studies suggested that the widespread South Pacific species P. salicina (Sm.) Murdock was present in New Caledonia. However, revised analyses indicate that the New Caledonian plants are an endemic species, recognised here for the first time at the species rank as Ptisana soluta (Compton) Murdock &amp; Perrie, comb. nov., stat. nov., with a vulnerable (VU) conservation ranking. The most common species, the New Caledonian endemic P. attenuata (Labill.) Murdock, is shown to be genetically variable, and warrants further systematic and phylogeographic investigation.</p

Insights into the Biogeography and Polyploid Evolution of New Zealand Asplenium from Chloroplast DNA Sequence Data

Volume: 95Start Page: 1End Page: 2

Taxonomic notes on the New Zealand flora: lectotypes in Dryopteridaceae and Nephrolepidaceae

Dryopteridaceae is a large family of ferns with 13 indigenous species in New Zealand, and Nephrolepidaceae a small family with two indigenous species. Five lectotypes are chosen for basionyms relevant to New Zealand – Aspidium cystostegium Hook., Nephrodium decompositum var. pubescens Hook., N. pentangulare Colenso, Polypodium setosum G.Forst., and Polypodium silvaticum Colenso. A neotype is designated for Nephrodium brownii Desv. No type material has been found for Aspidium coriaceum var. acutidentatum A.Rich., and the type for this remains undesignated. Lectotypes or neotypes need to be chosen for all names at specific and infraspecific rank, for which no holotype was designated by the original author, in order to fix the application of the name concerned. Justification for the choice is provided in each case. This article is a contribution towards clarifying the taxonomic and nomenclatural status of New Zealand plants for the plant names database (Ngā Tipu Aotearoa) and the electronic Flora of New Zealand

Taxonomic notes on the New Zealand flora: lectotypes in Isoetaceae and Lycopodiaceae

Within the Lycopodiopsida, Lycopodiaceae is a medium-sized family of lycophytes in New Zealand with five genera and 11 indigenous species, and Isoetaceae is a small family with one genus and two species. Fourteen lectotypes are chosen for basionyms relevant to New Zealand – Isoetes alpina Kirk, Lycopodium australianum Herter, L. billardierei Spring, L. consimile Colenso, L. curvifolium Colenso, L. distans Colenso, L. drummondii Spring, L. lessonianum A.Rich., L. novozealandicum Colenso, L. sanguisorba Spring, L. serpentinum Kunze, L. varium var. gracile Kirk, L. varium var. polaris Kirk, and Phylloglossum drummondii Kunze. No type material has been found for Lycopodium decurrens Colenso, and the type for this remains undesignated. Lectotypes need to be chosen for all names at specific and subspecific rank, for which no holotype was designated by the original author, in order to fix the application of the name concerned. Justification for the choice is provided in each case. This article is a contribution towards clarifying the taxonomic and nomenclatural status of New Zealand plants for the plant names database (Ngā Tipu Aotearoa) and the electronic Flora of New Zealand

Morphological and genetic evidence for the separation of Phlegmariurus billardierei from P. varius (Lycopodiaceae)

Phlegmariurus varius is an Australasian species of lycophyte that has long been recognised as morphologically and ecologically variable. A recent study reported incongruence between morphological and genetic variation within New Zealand samples. However, a reappraisal and repeat of the genetic analyses of chloroplast DNA sequence data, and a more detailed examination of morphological variation, strongly supports the recognition of two species that are sympatric in New Zealand. The combination Phlegmariurus billardierei (Spring) Brownsey & Perrie is made here for plants with distinct strobili. The other species, Phlegmariurus varius (R.Br.) A.R.Field & Bostock sensu stricto, has comparatively indistinct strobili, and remains morphologically and ecologically variable even after the segregation of P. billardierei. Phlegmariurus varius is indigenous to both Australia and New Zealand, while P. billardierei is the only species of Lycopodiaceae endemic to New Zealand

Genetic and morphological identification of a recurrent Dicksonia tree fern hybrid in New Zealand.

Hybridization is common in many ferns and has been a significant factor in fern evolution and speciation. However, hybrids are rare between the approximately 30 species of Dicksonia tree ferns world-wide, and none are well documented. In this study we examine the relationship of a newly-discovered Dicksonia tree fern from Whirinaki, New Zealand, which does not fit the current taxonomy of the three species currently recognized in New Zealand. Our microsatellite genotyping and ddRAD-seq data indicate these plants are F1 hybrids that have formed multiple times between D. fibrosa and D. lanata subsp. lanata. The Whirinaki plants have intermediate morphology between D. fibrosa and D. lanata subsp. lanata and their malformed spores are consistent with a hybrid origin. The Whirinaki plants-Dicksonia fibrosa × D. lanata subsp. lanata-are an example of hybridization between distantly related fern lineages, with the two parent species estimated to have diverged 55-25 mya. Our chloroplast sequencing indicates asymmetric chloroplast inheritance in the Whirinaki morphology with D. lanata subsp. lanata always contributing the chloroplast genome