Penggunaan Aplikasi Warung Pintar Sebagai Media Digital dalam Upaya Mendukung UMKM

Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui model bisnis digital dapat dijalankan dalam mendukung UMKM melalui karakteristik new media yaitu Digital, Interaktif, Hiperteks, Jaringan, Virtual, dan Simulasi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif. Data yang diperoleh pada penelitian ini menggunakan teknik wawancara, studi kepustakaan, dan internet. Informan pada penelitian ini adalah seorang pengguna Warung Pintar. Teknik pemeriksaan keabsahan data menggunakan triangulasi sumber data. Hasil pada penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa penggunaan aplikasi Warung Pintar sebagai media bisnis digital dikatakan sebagai suatu cara yang efektif dalam mengelola UMKM. Aplikasi Warung Pintar pun memungkinkan penggunanya untuk memanfaatkan fitur-fitur yang terdapat pada aplikasi tersebut dengan maksimal. Sesuai dengan tujuan dalam penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui model bisnis digital dapat dijalankan dalam mendukung UMKM, aplikasi Warung Pintar telah memenuhi karakteristik new media yaitu Digital, Interaktif, Hiperteks, Jaringan, Virtual, dan Simulasi

Ventilatory response during mazimal cardiopulmonary exercise testing in adult patients with cystic fibrosis

The aim of this study was to explore the role of resting pulmonary function including inspiratory capacity (IC), as predictor of exercise capacity in adult patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and also to determine ventilatory response to exercise during and after maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). 18 patients with CF (9 male / 9 female, aged 21,1 ± 11y) και 11 healthy subjects (3 male / 8 female, aged 29,2 ± 4,3y) were investigated. Patients and healthy subjects underwent resting pulmonary function testing and symptom-limited treadmill CPET. Forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC and IC were measured. Breath by breath analysis was used for measuring oxygen consumption (VO2), carbon dioxide production (VCO2), minute ventilation (Ve), tidal volume (Vt), frequency of breathing (fb), inspiratory time (ti). VO2 peak and VO2/t slope at early recovery were estimated. Percentage of predicted FEV1 in patients was 77 ± 33 % vs 104 ± 16 % in healthy subjects (p<0,006) and percentage of IC at rest was 82 ± 36 % in patients vs 116 ± 20 % in healthy (p<0,003). Patient’s ability to increase Vt and Ve was limited in comparison with healthy subjects (from 0,56 to 1,53lt vs 0,57 to 1,88 lt, p<0,013 and 12,57 to 57,2 lt/min, p<0,001 vs 11,3 to 81,7 lt/min respectively).Mean peak oxygen uptake(VO2 peak) in patients was 29,12 ± 7,02 ml/kg/min vs 35,54 ± 7,31 in healthy, p<0,01). In a multivariate stepwise regression analysis, using peak VO2 as the depented variable and the pulmonary function test measurements as indepented variables, the only significant predictor selected was IC (r=0,608, p<0,007). VO2/t slope was also lower in patients (0,59 ± 0,25 vs 0,95 ± 0,18, p<0,0001) and had significant correlation with IC (r=0,859, p<0,0001). In a final stepwise regression analysis including all the indepented variables of the resting pulmonary function tests, the only predictor selected for VO2 peak and VO2/t slope was IC (r2=0,37 for VO2 peak and 0,74 for VO2/t slope). We conclude that in CF patients IC at rest is related to peak oxygen consumption and prolonged oxygen kinetics at early recovery.Σκοπός της διδακτορικής αυτής διατριβής ήταν η διερεύνηση λειτουργικών παραμέτρων στην ηρεμία με την κινητική του οξυγόνου κατά τη μέγιστη καρδιοαναπνευστική δοκιμασία κοπώσεως (ΚΑΔΚ) και την πρώιμη φάση της ανάκαμψης μετά από ΚΑΔΚ σε ενήλικες ασθενείς με κυστική ίνωση (Κ.Ι.). Παράλληλα η αναλυτική περιγραφή των μεταβολών των παραμέτρων που συνιστούν την αναπνευστική απόκριση στην άσκηση σε ενήλικες ασθενείς με Κ.Ι. έγινε για πρώτη φορά στη βιβλιογραφία. Μελετήθηκαν 18 ασθενείς με κυστική ίνωση (9 άνδρες / 9 γυναίκες, ηλικίας 21,1 ± 11 ετών) και 11 υγιείς μάρτυρες (3 άνδρες / 8 γυναίκες, ηλικίας 29,2 ± 4,3 ετών). Όλοι οι ασθενείς και οι υγιείς μάρτυρες υπεβλήθησαν σε λειτουργικό έλεγχο της αναπνοής και στη συνέχεια σε μέγιστη ΚΑΔΚ σε κυλιόμενο τάπητα. Μετρήθηκαν ο βίαια εκπνεόμενος όγκος το πρώτο δευτερόλεπτο (FEV1), η βίαια εκπνεόμενη ζωτική χωρητικότητα (FVC), ο λόγος Tiffeneau (FEV1/FVC)και η εισπνευστική χωρητικότητα (IC). Επίσης μετρήθηκαν με τη μέθοδο αναπνοή-αναπνοή η κατανάλωση οξυγόνου (VO2) και η παραγωγή διοξειδίου (VCO2), ο κατά λεπτόν αερισμός (Ve), ο αναπνεόμενος όγκος (Vt), η συχνότητα της αναπνοής (fb), ο χρόνος εισπνοής (ti). Υπολογίσθηκαν η μέγιστη κατανάλωση οξυγόνου (VO2 peak) και η κλίση της καμπύλης κατανάλωσης οξυγόνου (VO2/t slope) κατά την πρώιμη φάση της ανάκαμψης. Οι ασθενείς είχαν αποφρακτικό σύνδρομο με FEV1 77 ± 33 % έναντι 104 ± 16 % (p<0,006) και IC ηρεμίας 82 ± 36 % έναντι 116 ± 20 % (p<0,003). Η δυνατότητα αύξησης των Vt και Ve ήταν περιορισμένη σε σύγκριση με τους υγιείς (p<0,013 και p<0,001 αντίστοιχα), η συχνότητα της αναπνοής αυξημένη στην ανάκαμψη και ο χρόνος εισπνοής βραχύτερος (p<0,001 και p<0,004 αντίστοιχα). Η VO2 peak ήταν μικρότερη για τους ασθενείς (29,12 ± 7,02 έναντι 35,54 ± 7,31, p<0,01) και παρουσίασε σημαντική συσχέτιση με την IC ηρεμίας (r=0,608, p<0,007). H κλίση - VO2/t επίσης ήταν μικρότερη για τους ασθενείς (0,59 ± 0,25 έναντι 0,95 ± 0,18, p<0,0001) και είχε επίσης σημαντική συσχέτιση με την IC ηρεμίας (r=0,859, p<0,0001). Η πολυπαραγοντική ανάλυση έδειξε ότι η μόνη ανεξάρτητη μεταβλητή που σχετίζεται με τη μέγιστη κατανάλωση οξυγόνου και την κλίση της καμπύλης κατανάλωσης οξυγόνου ήταν η IC ηρεμίας. Καταλήγουμε στο συμπέρασμα ότι η εισπνευστική χωρητικότητα στην ηρεμία σε ενήλικες ασθενείς με Κ.Ι. σχετίζεται με την κινητική του οξυγόνου στη μέγιστη ΚΑΔΚ και την πρώιμη ανάκαμψ

Prolonged oxygen kinetics during constant workload submaximal exercise is associated with disease severity in adult subjects with cystic fibrosis

BACKGROUND: The goal of this study was to explore the relation between oxygen kinetics during constant work load submaximal cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) and disease severity in adult subjects with cystic fibrosis. METHODS: Fourteen adult subjects with cystic fibrosis (CF; 8 males, 22 ± 4 y old) and a mean Schwachman score of 73 ± 11 and 10 healthy individuals (5 males, 29 ± 4 y old) underwent pulmonary function tests at rest, maximal and constant work load submaximal CPET on a cycloergometer. Breath-by-breath analysis was used for measuring oxygen kinetic parameters and the time constant (tau), expressing phase 2 of submaximal CPET. RESULTS: Subjects with CF had a significantly prolonged tau compared with healthy subjects (42.3 ± 21.5 vs 29.3 ± 6.4, s, P &amp;lt;.05). The tau during phase 2 was inversely correlated with FEV1(% pred) (r=-0.77, P =.001), breathing reserve (r=-0.74, P =.003),VO2peak (r=-0.53, P =.049),VO2/t slope (r = -0.58, P =.03), and Schwachman score (r = -0.80, P =.001). In a multivariate regression model including all the above variables, the Schwachman score (β= -0.697, P =.002) emerged as independent predictor of tau (R2 = 0.719, P =.001). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that adult subjects with CF present significant prolonged oxygen kinetics during constant work load submaximal exercise in relation to disease severity. Thus, submaximal exercise should be considered the preferable CPET choice in adult patients with severe CF. © 2015 Daedalus Enterprises

Prolonged oxygen kinetics during early recovery from maximal exercise in adult patients with cystic fibrosis

Study objectives: To explore the significance of oxygen kinetics during early recovery after maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) in the assessment of functional capacity and severity of the disease in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Participants: Eighteen patients with CF (9 male/9 female; mean +/- SD age, 23 +/- 13 years) and 11 healthy subjects (3 male/8 female; mean age, 29 +/- 4 years) underwent maximum CPET on a treadmill. Breath-by-breath analysis was used for measuring oxygen consumption ((V) over dot o(2)), carbon dioxide production, and ventilation. Maximum (V) over dot o(2) ((V) over dot o(2) peak) and the first-degree slope of (V) over dot o(2) decline during early recovery ((V) over dot o(2)/t-slope) were calculated. To assess the severity of the disease, we used standard indexes like FEV1 (% predicted), (V) over dot o(2)peak, and a widely accepted system of clinical evaluation, the Schwachman score (SS), Results: (V) over dot o(2)/t-slope was significantly lower in CF patients compared to healthy subjects (0.61 +/- 0.31 L/min/min vs 1.1 +/- 0.13 L/min/min; p&lt; 0.01) and was closely cell-elated to FEV1 (r = 0.90, p &lt; 0.001), (V) over dot(2)peak (r = 0.81, p &lt; 0.001), and the SS (r = 0.81, p &lt; 0.001). The multivariate analysis showed that the only independent predictor of the SS is the (V) over dot o(2)/t-slope. Conclusion: We conclude that in CF patients, the prolonged oxygen kinetics during early recovery from maximal exercise is related to the disease severity

Resting respiratory variables and exercise capacity in adult patients with cystic fibrosis

Introduction: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common life-limiting, recessively inherited disease in the white population, associated with significantly high morbidity and mortality rates; CF pulmonary disease, assessed by pulmonary function tests, arterial blood gases and the Schwachman score, remains the most prevalent in terms of morbidity in the adult CF population. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between resting respiratory variables and exercise capacity in adult patients with CF. Results: Study investigations undertaken in 18 CF patients and 11 healthy volunteers showed that among the resting lung function parameters, inspiratory capacity (IC) at rest was the only significant predictor of VO 2 peak (r = 0.67, p &amp;lt; 0.007) and VO2/t-slope (r = 0.86, p &amp;lt; 0.0001). The percentage of predicted FEV1 in adult CF patients was 77 ± 33% pred. vs 104 ± 16% pred. in healthy subjects (p &amp;lt; 0.006); the corresponding percentage of IC at rest was 82 ± 36% pred. in patients vs 116 ± 20% pred. in healthy (p &amp;lt; 0.003). CF patients presented with a significantly prolonged rapid breathing after exercise (32br per minute at recovery for CF vs 22 for healthy; p &amp;lt; 0.001), as well as a shortened inspiratory time. Conclusion: Adult patients with CF show a limited exercise capacity with lower peak oxygen consumption and prolonged oxygen kinetics. Interestingly, decreased IC qualified as the only significant predictor of exercise capacity in our study. © 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd