Vínculo entre la extensión y la formación docente: relato de la experiencia del proyecto “Naturalmente ciencia, un paso hacia la cultura científica”

En el siguiente trabajo presentamos la experiencia de estudiantes y graduados de los profesorados de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas (Ciencias Biológicas, Física, Química y Matemática) de la Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación (UNLP) que han sido parte del equipo de trabajo del proyecto de extensión “Naturalmente Ciencia” (Secretaría de Extensión - FAHCE). Dicho proyecto fue articulado por la cátedra de Física I y II del Depto. de Cs. Exactas y Naturales siendo uno de sus objetivos el acompañar a los chicos de dos escuelas públicas de la región en su deseo de participar en las Olimpíadas de Ciencia Junior (OACJr). Compartimos las reflexiones y evaluación de la experiencia que, si bien recién está dando sus primeros pasos, ya plantea grandes desafíos a todos los involucrados: estudiantes secundarios, docentes de las escuelas, futuros docentes y aquellos que continúan con su formación.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

Vínculo entre la extensión y la formación docente: relato de la experiencia del proyecto “Naturalmente ciencia, un paso hacia la cultura científica”

En el siguiente trabajo presentamos la experiencia de estudiantes y graduados de los profesorados de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas (Ciencias Biológicas, Física, Química y Matemática) de la Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación (UNLP) que han sido parte del equipo de trabajo del proyecto de extensión “Naturalmente Ciencia” (Secretaría de Extensión - FAHCE). Dicho proyecto fue articulado por la cátedra de Física I y II del Depto. de Cs. Exactas y Naturales siendo uno de sus objetivos el acompañar a los chicos de dos escuelas públicas de la región en su deseo de participar en las Olimpíadas de Ciencia Junior (OACJr). Compartimos las reflexiones y evaluación de la experiencia que, si bien recién está dando sus primeros pasos, ya plantea grandes desafíos a todos los involucrados: estudiantes secundarios, docentes de las escuelas, futuros docentes y aquellos que continúan con su formación.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

Vínculo entre la extensión y la formación docente: relato de la experiencia del proyecto “Naturalmente ciencia, un paso hacia la cultura científica”

En el siguiente trabajo presentamos la experiencia de estudiantes y graduados de los profesorados de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas (Ciencias Biológicas, Física, Química y Matemática) de la Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación (UNLP) que han sido parte del equipo de trabajo del proyecto de extensión “Naturalmente Ciencia” (Secretaría de Extensión - FAHCE). Dicho proyecto fue articulado por la cátedra de Física I y II del Depto. de Cs. Exactas y Naturales siendo uno de sus objetivos el acompañar a los chicos de dos escuelas públicas de la región en su deseo de participar en las Olimpíadas de Ciencia Junior (OACJr). Compartimos las reflexiones y evaluación de la experiencia que, si bien recién está dando sus primeros pasos, ya plantea grandes desafíos a todos los involucrados: estudiantes secundarios, docentes de las escuelas, futuros docentes y aquellos que continúan con su formación.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Antioxidant pectins from eggplant (Solanum melongena) fruit exocarp, calyx and flesh isolated through high-power ultrasound and sodium carbonate

Dried and milled eggplant fruit peel and calyces (PC) and mesocarp, placenta and core (Mes) were utilized as natural sources of valuable chemicals. Pectins were extracted with 0.1 M Na2CO3 (1 h; 23 °C). A high-power ultrasound (US) pretreatment (10 min net time; 12.76 W/cm2 power intensity) in 10:200 (g/mL) powder:water ratio led to the lowest solvent and energy consumptions after the subsequent 0.1 M Na2CO3 stirring, permitting the highest recoveries of uronic acid (UA) from PC and Mes (80.25 and 93.8 %, respectively). Homogalacturonans (>65 % w/w UA) of low degree of methylesterification, of acetylation, and 90,214–138,184 Da molecular weights with low polydispersity (≈1.32–1.40) were obtained. They included released ferulate (≈3.5 mg/100 g) esterified pectins. Antioxidants (caffeoylquinic acid, putrescine and spermidine derivatives, β-carotene, lutein) gave additional technological value to their thickening effect as pectins protected tryptophan, tyrosine, alkyl side chains and sulfhydryl of skim milk proteins from UV-C photo-oxidation. //Resumen: La cáscara y los cálices (PC) y el mesocarpio, la placenta y el núcleo (Mes) de berenjena seca y molida se utilizaron como fuentes naturales de productos químicos valiosos. Las pectinas se extrajeron con Na2CO3 0,1 M (1 h; 23 °C). Un pretratamiento con ultrasonido (US) de alta potencia (10 min de tiempo neto; intensidad de potencia de 12,76 W/cm2) en una proporción de polvo:agua de 10:200 (g/mL) condujo a los consumos de energía y disolvente más bajos después de la agitación posterior con Na2CO3 0,1 M , permitiendo las mayores recuperaciones de ácido urónico (AU) de PC y Mes (80,25 y 93,8 %, respectivamente). Se obtuvieron homogalacturonanos (>65 % p/p UA) de bajo grado de metilesterificación, de acetilación y pesos moleculares 90,214–138,184 Da con baja polidispersidad (≈1.32–1.40). Incluyeron pectinas esterificadas feruladas liberadas (≈3,5 mg/100 g). Los antioxidantes (ácido cafeoilquínico, derivados de putrescina y espermidina, β-caroteno, luteína) dieron un valor tecnológico adicional a su efecto espesante ya que las pectinas protegieron el triptófano, la tirosina, las cadenas laterales de alquilo y el sulfhidrilo de las proteínas de la leche descremada de la fotooxidación UV-C.Instituto de Investigación de Tecnología de Alimentos (ITA)Fil: Higuera Coelho, Ricardo Alejandro. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Industrias-ITAPROQ; Argentina.Fil: Basanta, María Florencia. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Industrias-ITAPROQ; Argentina.Fil: Rossetti, Luciana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Investigación Tecnología de Alimentos; Argentina.Fil: Perez, Carolina Daiana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Investigación Tecnología de Alimentos; Argentina.Fil: Rojas, Ana María Luisa. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Industrias-ITAPROQ; Argentina.Fil: Fissore, Eliana Noemi. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Industrias-ITAPROQ; Argentina

Plum (Prunus salicina) peel and pulp microparticles as natural antioxidant additives in breast chicken patties

Fiber microparticles (MPCs) separately obtained from peel and pulp of Japanese plum residues contained co-extracted β-carotene, lutein, and α- and γ-tocopherols, as well as polyphenols (cyanidins, quercetin derivatives, pentameric proanthocyanidins). Peel and pulp MPCs were then separately evaluated as natural antioxidant additives (2.0% w/w level) in raw breast chicken patty, susceptible to oxidation. Their effect on technological properties was also analyzed. MPCs reduced in 50% the formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in raw patties during 10-days storage at 4.0 °C. Ferric reducing power (FRAP) was 77–157% higher in MPCs-added patties, especially with peel MPCs, being then attributed to the antioxidants supplied by these MPCs. It can be also associated to the highest α- and γ-tocopherol levels found in the peel MPCs-added patties, which remained high after cooking as well. Also, higher pectin and low lignin contents of pulp MPCs determined greater hydration, stabilized the cyanidins and, hence, the red color transferred to raw patties, and increased springiness of cooked patties. Plum peel and pulp MPCs are efficient additives for chicken meat products.Instituto de Tecnología de AlimentosFil: Basanta, María Florencia. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Industrias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Rizzo, Sergio Anibal. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos; ArgentinaFil: Szerman, Natalia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Vaudagna, Sergio Ramon . Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnica; ArgentinaFil: Descalzo, Adriana Maria. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos; ArgentinaFil: Gerschenson, Lia Noemi. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Industrias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Perez, Carolina Daiana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Rojas, Ana María. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Industrias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Appropriateness of antiplatelet therapy for primary and secondary cardio- and cerebrovascular prevention in acutely hospitalized older people

Aims: Antiplatelet therapy is recommended for the secondary prevention of cardio- and cerebrovascular disease, but for primary prevention it is advised only in patients at very high risk. With this background, this study aims to assess the appropriateness of antiplatelet therapy in acutely hospitalized older people according to their risk profile. Methods: Data were obtained from the REPOSI register held in Italian and Spanish internal medicine and geriatric wards in 2012 and 2014. Hospitalized patients aged ≥65 assessable at discharge were selected. Appropriateness of the antiplatelet therapy was evaluated according to their primary or secondary cardiovascular prevention profiles. Results: Of 2535 enrolled patients, 2199 were assessable at discharge. Overall 959 (43.6%, 95% CI 41.5–45.7) were prescribed an antiplatelet drug, aspirin being the most frequently chosen. Among patients prescribed for primary prevention, just over half were inappropriately prescribed (52.1%), being mainly overprescribed (155/209 patients, 74.2%). On the other hand, there was also a high rate of inappropriate underprescription in the context of secondary prevention (222/726 patients, 30.6%, 95% CI 27.3–34.0%). Conclusions: This study carried out in acutely hospitalized older people shows a high degree of inappropriate prescription among patients prescribed with antiplatelets for primary prevention, mainly due to overprescription. Further, a large proportion of patients who had had overt cardio- or cerebrovascular disease were underprescribed, in spite of the established benefits of antiplatelet drugs in the context of secondary prevention

Prognostic value of degree and types of anaemia on clinical outcomes for hospitalised older patients

Study objective This study investigated in a large sample of in-patients the impact of mild-moderate-severe anaemia on clinical outcomes such as in-hospital mortality, re-admission, and death within three months after discharge. Methods A prospective multicentre observational study, involving older people admitted to 87 internal medicine and geriatric wards, was done in Italy between 2010 and 2012. The main clinical/laboratory data were obtained on admission and discharge. Based on haemoglobin (Hb), subjects were classified in three groups: group 1 with normal Hb, (reference group), group 2 with mildly reduced Hb (10.0–11.9 g/dL in women; 10.0–12.9 g/dL in men) and group 3 with moderately-severely reduced Hb (<10 g/dL in women and men). Results Patients (2678; mean age 79.2 ± 7.4 y) with anaemia (54.7%) were older, with greater functional impairment and more comorbidity. Multivariable analysis showed that mild but not moderate-severe anaemia was associated with a higher risk of hospital re-admission within three months (group 2: OR = 1.62; 95%CI 1.21–2.17). Anaemia failed to predict in-hospital mortality, while a higher risk of dying within three months was associated with the degree of Hb reduction on admission (group 2: OR = 1.82;95%CI 1.25–2.67; group 3: OR = 2.78;95%CI 1.82–4.26) and discharge (group 2: OR = 2.37;95%CI 1.48–3.93; group 3: OR = 3.70;95%CI 2.14–6.52). Normocytic and macrocytic, but not microcytic anaemia, were associated with adverse clinical outcomes. Conclusions Mild anaemia predicted hospital re-admission of older in-patients, while three-month mortality risk increased proportionally with anaemia severity. Type and severity of anaemia affected hospital re-admission and mortality, the worst prognosis being associated with normocytic and macrocytic anaemia

Risk factors for three-month mortality after discharge in a cohort of non-oncologic hospitalized elderly patients: Results from the REPOSI study

Background: Short-term prognosis, e.g. mortality at three months, has many important implications in planning the overall management of patients, particularly non-oncologic patients in order to avoid futile practices. The aims of this study were: i) to investigate the risk of three-month mortality after discharge from internal medicine and geriatric wards of non-oncologic patients with at least one of the following conditions: permanent bedridden status during the hospital stay; severely reduced kidney function; hypoalbuminemia; hospital admissions in the previous six months; severe dementia; ii) to establish the absolute risk difference of three-month mortality of bedridden compared to non-bedridden patients. Methods: This prospective cohort study was run in 102 Italian internal medicine and geriatric hospital wards. The sample included all patients with three-months follow-up data. Bedridden condition was defined as the inability to walk or stand upright during the whole hospital stay. The following parameters were also recorded: estimated GFR <= 29 mL/min/1.73 m(2); severe dementia; albuminemia << 2.5 g/dL; hospital admissions in the six months before the index admission. Results: Of 3915 patients eligible for the analysis, three-month follow-up were available for 2058, who were included in the study. Bedridden patients were 112 and the absolute risk difference of mortality at three months was 0.13 (CI 95% 0.08-0.19, p << 0.0001). Logistic regression analysis also adjusted for age, sex, number of drugs and comorbidity index found that bedridden condition (OR 2.10, CI 95% 1.12-3.94), severely reduced kidney function (OR 2.27, CI 95% 1.22-4.21), hospital admission in the previous six months (OR 1.96, CI 95% 1.22-3.14), severe dementia (with total or severe physical dependence) (OR 4.16, CI 95% 2.39-7.25) and hypoalbuminemia (OR 2.47, CI 95% 1.12-5.44) were significantly associated with higher risk of three-month mortality. Conclusions: Bedridden status, severely reduced kidney function, recent hospital admissions, severe dementia and hypoalbuminemia were associated with higher risk of three-month mortality in non-oncologic patients after discharge from internal medicine and geriatric hospital wards

Antibiotic use and associated factors in a large sample of hospitalised older people.

OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to assess (i) the prevalence of antibiotic use, (ii) factors associated with their use and (iii) the association with in-hospital mortality in a large sample of hospitalised older people in Italy. METHODS: Data were obtained from the 2010-2017 REPOSI register held in more than 100 internal medicine and geriatric wards in Italy. Patients aged ≥65 years with at least one antibiotic prescription during their hospitalisation were selected. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to determine factors associated with antibiotic use. RESULTS: A total of 5442 older patients were included in the analysis, of whom 2786 (51.2%) were prescribed antibiotics during their hospitalisation. The most frequently prescribed antibiotic class was β- lactams, accounting for 50% of the total prescriptions. Poor physical independence, corticosteroid use and being hospitalised in Northern Italy were factors associated with a higher likelihood of being prescribed antibiotics. Antibiotic use was associated with an increased risk of in-hospital mortality (odds ratio=2.52, 95% confidence interval 1.82-3.48) also when accounting for factors associated with their use. CONCLUSION: Hospitalised older people are often prescribed antibiotics. Factors related to poor physical independence and corticosteroid use are associated with increased antibiotic use. Being prescribed antibiotics is also associated with an increased risk of in-hospital death. These results demand the implementation of specific stewardship programmes to improve the correct use of antibiotics in hospital settings and to reduce the risk of antimicrobial resistance