1,139 research outputs found
From Euclidean to Minkowski space with the Cauchy-Riemann equations
We present an elementary method to obtain Green's functions in
non-perturbative quantum field theory in Minkowski space from calculated
Green's functions in Euclidean space. Since in non-perturbative field theory
the analytical structure of amplitudes is many times unknown, especially in the
presence of confined fields, dispersive representations suffer from systematic
uncertainties. Therefore we suggest to use the Cauchy-Riemann equations, that
perform the analytical continuation without assuming global information on the
function in the entire complex plane, only in the region through which the
equations are solved. We use as example the quark propagator in Landau gauge
Quantum Chromodynamics, that is known from lattice and Dyson-Schwinger studies
in Euclidean space. The drawback of the method is the instability of the
Cauchy-Riemann equations to high-frequency noise, that makes difficult to
achieve good accuracy. We also point out a few curiosities related to the Wick
rotation.Comment: 12 pages in EPJ double-column format, 16 figures. This version: added
paragraph, two reference
Satellite galaxies in semi-analytic models of galaxy formation with sterile neutrino dark matter
The sterile neutrino is a viable dark matter candidate that can be produced in the early Universe via non-equilibrium processes, and would therefore possess a highly non-thermal spectrum of primordial velocities. In this paper we analyse the process of structure formation with this class of dark matter particles. To this end we construct primordial dark matter power spectra as a function of the lepton asymmetry, L6, that is present in the primordial plasma and leads to resonant sterile neutrino production. We compare these power spectra with those of thermally produced dark matter particles and show that resonantly produced sterile neutrinos are much colder than their thermal relic counterparts. We also demonstrate that the shape of these power spectra is not determined by the free-streaming scale alone. We then use the power spectra as an input for semi-analytic models of galaxy formation in order to predict the number of luminous satellite galaxies in a Milky Way-like halo. By assuming that the mass of the Milky Way halo must be no more than 2 × 1012 M⊙ (the adopted upper bound based on current astronomical observations) we are able to constrain the value of L6 for Ms ≤ 8 keV. We also show that the range of L6 that is in best agreement with the 3.5 keV line (if produced by decays of 7 keV sterile neutrino) requires that the Milky Way halo has a mass no smaller than 1.5 × 1012 M⊙. Finally, we compare the power spectra obtained by direct integration of the Boltzmann equations for a non-resonantly produced sterile neutrino with the fitting formula of Viel et al. and find that the latter significantly underestimates the power amplitude on scales relevant to satellite galaxies
Proton Decay in Minimal Supersymmetric SU(5)
We systematically study proton decay in the minimal supersymmetric SU(5)
grand unified theory. We find that although the available parameter space of
soft masses and mixings is quite constrained, the theory is still in accord
with experiment.Comment: 12 pages, uses axodraw.sty, few more comments, one new referenc
Predictors of Cervical Cancer Screening among Infrequently Screened Women Completing Human Papillomavirus Self-Collection: My Body My Test-1
Background: Approximately one-half of cervical cancer cases in the United States occur in underscreened or never-screened women. We examined predictors to completing Papanicolaou (Pap) testing and whether a positive human papillomavirus (HPV) self-collection result affects Pap testing adherence among underscreened women. Materials and Methods: Low-income women aged 30-65 years who reported no Pap testing in ≥4 years were recruited in North Carolina. Knowledge, attitudes, and barriers regarding cervical cancer and Pap testing were assessed by telephone questionnaires. We mailed self-collection kits for HPV testing and provided information regarding where to obtain affordable Pap testing. Participants received $45 for completing all activities. We used multivariable logistic regression to assess the predictors of longer reported time since last Pap (≥10 vs. 4-9 years) and of completion of Pap testing following study enrollment (follow-up Pap). Results: Participants (n = 230) were primarily black (55%), uninsured (64%), and with ≤high school education (59%). Cost and finding an affordable clinic were the most commonly reported barriers to screening. White women and those with ≤high school education reported longer intervals since last Pap test. Half of the participants reported completing a follow-up Pap test (55%). Women with a positive HPV self-collection were five times more likely to report completing a follow-up Pap test than those with negative self-collection (odds ratio = 5.1, 95% confidence interval 1.4-25.7). Conclusions: Improving awareness of resources for affordable screening could increase cervical cancer screening in underserved women. Home-based HPV self-collection represents an opportunity to re-engage infrequently screened women into preventive screening services
A new variational approach to the stability of gravitational systems
We consider the three dimensional gravitational Vlasov Poisson system which
describes the mechanical state of a stellar system subject to its own gravity.
A well-known conjecture in astrophysics is that the steady state solutions
which are nonincreasing functions of their microscopic energy are nonlinearly
stable by the flow. This was proved at the linear level by several authors
based on the pioneering work by Antonov in 1961. Since then, standard
variational techniques based on concentration compactness methods as introduced
by P.-L. Lions in 1983 have led to the nonlinear stability of subclasses of
stationary solutions of ground state type.
In this paper, inspired by pioneering works from the physics litterature
(Lynden-Bell 94, Wiechen-Ziegler-Schindler MNRAS 88, Aly MNRAS 89), we use the
monotonicity of the Hamiltonian under generalized symmetric rearrangement
transformations to prove that non increasing steady solutions are local
minimizer of the Hamiltonian under equimeasurable constraints, and extract
compactness from suitable minimizing sequences. This implies the nonlinear
stability of nonincreasing anisotropic steady states under radially symmetric
perturbations
On Neutrino Masses and a Low Breaking Scale of Left-Right Symmetry
In left-right symmetric models (LRSM) the light neutrino masses arise from
two sources: the seesaw mechanism and a VEV of an SU(2) triplet. If the
left-right symmetry breaking, , is low, v_R\lsim15\TeV, the
contributions to the light neutrino masses from both the seesaw mechanism and
the triplet Yukawa couplings are expected to be well above the experimental
bounds. We present a minimal LRSM with an additional U(1) symmetry in which the
masses induced by the two sources are below the eV scale and the two-fold
problem is solved. We further show that, if the U(1) symmetry is also
responsible for the lepton flavor structure, the model yields a small mixing
angle within the first two lepton generations.Comment: 18 pages references added published versio
RS1, Custodial Isospin and Precision Tests
We study precision electroweak constraints within a RS1 model with gauge
fields and fermions in the bulk. The electroweak gauge symmetry is enhanced to
SU(2)_L \times SU(2)_R \times U(1)_{B-L}, thereby providing a custodial isospin
symmetry sufficient to suppress excessive contributions to the T parameter. We
then construct complete models, complying with all electroweak constraints, for
solving the hierarchy problem, without supersymmetry or large hierarchies in
the fundamental couplings. Using the AdS/CFT correspondence our models can be
interpreted as dual to a strongly coupled conformal Higgs sector with global
custodial symmetry, gauge and fermionic matter being fundamental fields
external to the CFT. This scenario has interesting collider signals, distinct
from other RS models in the literature.Comment: 32 pages, 6 figures, latex2e, minor changes, references adde
Lepton Masses and Mixing in a Left-Right Symmetric Model with a TeV-scale Gravity
We construct a left-right symmetric (LRS) model in five dimensions which
accounts naturally for the lepton flavor parameters. The fifth dimension is
described by an orbifold, S_1/Z_2 times Z'_2, with a typical size of order
TeV^{-1}. The fundamental scale is of order 25 TeV which implies that the gauge
hierarchy problem is ameliorated. In addition the LRS breaking scale is of
order few TeV which implies that interactions beyond those of the standard
model are accessible to near future experiments. Leptons of different
representations are localized around different orbifold fixed points. This
explains, through the Arkani-Hamed-Schmaltz mechanism, the smallness of the tau
mass compared to the electroweak breaking scale. An additional U(1) horizontal
symmetry, broken by small parameters, yields the hierarchy in the charged
lepton masses, strong suppression of the light neutrino masses and accounts for
the mixing parameters. The model yields several unique predictions. In
particular, the branching ratio for the lepton flavor violating process mu^-
--> e^+ e^- e^- is comparable with its present experimental sensitivity.Comment: 21 pages, 1 figure, references added, discussion on the
predictiveness of the model in the generic non-universal case added, to
appear in PR
Adsorption of mono- and multivalent cat- and anions on DNA molecules
Adsorption of monovalent and multivalent cat- and anions on a deoxyribose
nucleic acid (DNA) molecule from a salt solution is investigated by computer
simulation. The ions are modelled as charged hard spheres, the DNA molecule as
a point charge pattern following the double-helical phosphate strands. The
geometrical shape of the DNA molecules is modelled on different levels ranging
from a simple cylindrical shape to structured models which include the major
and minor grooves between the phosphate strands. The densities of the ions
adsorbed on the phosphate strands, in the major and in the minor grooves are
calculated. First, we find that the adsorption pattern on the DNA surface
depends strongly on its geometrical shape: counterions adsorb preferentially
along the phosphate strands for a cylindrical model shape, but in the minor
groove for a geometrically structured model. Second, we find that an addition
of monovalent salt ions results in an increase of the charge density in the
minor groove while the total charge density of ions adsorbed in the major
groove stays unchanged. The adsorbed ion densities are highly structured along
the minor groove while they are almost smeared along the major groove.
Furthermore, for a fixed amount of added salt, the major groove cationic charge
is independent on the counterion valency. For increasing salt concentration the
major groove is neutralized while the total charge adsorbed in the minor groove
is constant. DNA overcharging is detected for multivalent salt. Simulations for
a larger ion radii, which mimic the effect of the ion hydration, indicate an
increased adsorbtion of cations in the major groove.Comment: 34 pages with 14 figure
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