Programming of the merger process for small foundries

Frente a vários desafios no âmbito de competitividade mundial, a indústria de fundição de metais ferrosos busca medidas de redução de custos de seus processos internos. Neste trabalho, através do estudo de um modelo matemático relacionado à otimização de processos produtivos, busca-se auxiliar as empresas nas tomadas de decisão tático-operacional e, consequentemente, obter redução de custos de produção. Este estudo visa a minimização da função custo através da minimização das penalidades – entendidas como variáveis – envolvidas no processo, para melhor atendimento da carteira de pedidos. Estas variáveis são referentes a atrasos e antecipações de fusões de ligas, bem como preparação do forno. O modelo desenvolvido para empresas de pequeno porte é um modelo de programação linear estruturada multiperíodo inteira mista, resolvida através de programação em MatLab. Nas condições apresentadas, o modelo se mostrou satisfatório quanto a possibilidade de redução de custos em função de uma melhor programação das fusões, chegando a obter até 91% de redução de custo total na programação em um dos cenários estudados, o que não podia ser verificado anteriormente através de uma programação manual.Faced with several challenges in the context of global competitiveness, the ferrous metal smelting industry seeks measures to reduce the costs of its internal processes. In this work, through the study of a mathematical model related to the optimization of productive processes, it is sought to help the companies in tactical-operational decision making and, consequently, to obtain reduction of production costs. This study aims at minimizing the cost function by minimizing the penalties involved in the process, to better serve the order book. These penalties refer to delays and anticipations of alloy mergers as well as penalties for furnace preparation. The model developed for small businesses is a multiperiod structured linear programming mixed, solved through programming in MatLab. The model proved to be satisfactory in terms of meeting the proposed objectives, reducing the total cost of the programming (this cost refers to the predefined value for the conditions of: keeping items in stock, delaying items in manufacturing, switching between different alloys in sequential loads). According to the simulations of conditions, up to 91% of the total cost reduction was obtained, which could not be verified previously through manual programming.Fil: Faria, Larissa. Instituto de Educação Tecnológica,; BrasilFil: Rubio Scola, Ignacio Eduardo Jesus. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Industrial. Gerencia Operativa Regional. Subgerencia Regional Centro. Departamento de Ingenieria de Productos Industriales Region Centro.; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rosario; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Pereira Leite Nunes, Aline. Instituto de Educação Tecnológica,; Brasi

Electrokinetic properties of wavellite and its floatability with cationic and anionic collectors

AbstractThe reverse apatite flotation with fatty acids has been widely used for the reduction of phosphorus content of magmatic origin iron ores. However, the occurrence of phosphorus intensely disseminated as secondary minerals such as wavellite renders the anionic reverse flotation a challenge. Zeta potential measurements and microflotation tests of wavellite with the use of anionic and cationic collectors were carried out in this work. The wavellite’s IEP value was achieved at pH 4.5. Below the IEP value, the surface positively charged sites are made up of aluminum ions. The species H+,Al(OH)2+,Al(OH)2+,Al3+,OH-,H2PO4-,HPO42-, and PO43- play a role in the protonation and deprotonation reactions that will determine the wavellite-solution interface properties. The highest values of wavellite’s floatability under basic pH conditions were achieved in the presence of cationic collectors (1×10−4molL−1). The formation of surface complexes and the precipitation of insoluble salt of aluminum onto wavellite surface seems to be the most likely hypothesis for the chemical nature interactions between amines and wavellite. The surface formation of aluminum oleate on the wavellite’s surface seems to be the most probable hypothesis for the adsorption mechanism and the resultant high floatability of wavellite between pH 7.5 and pH 10.0 in the presence of sodium oleate (1×10−4molL−1). The results showed that the cationic reverse flotation of secondary phosphates is a promising route to reduce the phosphorus content of iron ores from deposits that underwent a supergene enrichment process, since wavellite floatability in the alkaline pH range, using amine as collector, was not significantly affected by the presence of corn starch

Propriedades morfológicas, estruturais e interfaciais de fosfatos primários e secundários / Morphological, structural, and interfacial properties of primary and secondary phosphates

Por serem minerais levemente solúveis, a dissolução não estequiométrica em meio aquoso é um dos principais mecanismos de geração de cargas em fosfatos. A composição química e a estrutura cristalina determinarão as propriedades interfaciais dos fosfatos, fazendo com que a classe dos fosfatos apresente grandes diversidades no que se refere ao comportamento eletrocinético e, consequentemente, nas respostas obtidas na flotação. Amostras de apatita, wavellita, turquesa e senegalita foram caracterizadas por difratometria de raios X (DRX), espectroscopia de fluorescência de raios X (FRX), espectroscopia no infravermelho (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy – FTIR), análise termogravimétrica (ATG) e microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV).Além da caracterização, foram realizadas medidas de potencial zeta em função do pH e do tempo.A turquesa apresentou maior área superficial específica, resultado concordante com a tendência de amorfização exibida na análise por DRX. Na espectroscopia no infravermelho, as principais bandas de vibração dos grupos PO43- foram observadas principalmente nas regiões entre 900-1100 cm-1. O deslocamento da banda de vibração do grupo OH para 3525 cm-1 no espectro da apatita confirma que a amostra é constituída principalmente por fluorapatita. A wavellita, a turquesa e a senegalita apresentaram, respectivamente, 24,92%, 18,73% e 18,55% de perda de massa, devido à presença de moléculas de água e hidroxilas nas estruturas cristalinas destes minerais. As propriedades eletrocinéticas da wavellita, da turquesa e da senegalita são determinadas pelas espécies catiônicas e pelos íons fosfato, enquanto a apatita tem suas propriedades fortemente influenciadas pelos íons flúor e fosfato

Social distancing measures to control the COVID-19 pandemic: potential impacts and challenges in Brazil.

The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged researchers and policy makers to identify public safety measures forpreventing the collapse of healthcare systems and reducingdeaths. This narrative review summarizes the available evidence on the impact of social distancing measures on the epidemic and discusses the implementation of these measures in Brazil. Articles on the effect of social distancing on COVID-19 were selected from the PubMed, medRXiv and bioRvix databases. Federal and state legislation was analyzed to summarize the strategies implemented in Brazil. Social distancing measures adopted by the population appear effective, particularly when implemented in conjunction with the isolation of cases and quarantining of contacts. Therefore, social distancing measures, and social protection policies to guarantee the sustainability of these measures, should be implemented. To control COVID-19 in Brazil, it is also crucial that epidemiological monitoring is strengthened at all three levels of the Brazilian National Health System (SUS). This includes evaluating and usingsupplementary indicators to monitor the progression of the pandemic and the effect of the control measures, increasing testing capacity, and making disaggregated notificationsand testing resultstransparentand broadly available

Violência obstétrica no parto normal: revisão integrativa / Obstetric violence in normal childbirth: integrative review

Objetivo: Identificar a violência obstétrica sofrida na assistência ao parto normal através da revisão bibliográfica. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo realizado através de levantamento bibliográfico na modalidade de revisão integrativa de literatura. Buscou-se por publicações científicas indexadas nas seguintes bases de dados: Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), ScientificElectronic Library Online (SciELO), JournalCitationReports (JCR), PubMed e MEDLINE. Foram identificados 28 artigos, sendo 14 artigos selecionados para avaliação, destes, 07 foram considerados elegíveis para leitura integral entre os anos de 2017 a 2021. Resultados e Discussão: A violência obstétrica mais citada nos artigos selecionados foram a negligência que é desde o pré natal na atenção primária até o momento oportuno do parto na atenção terciária. A análise apontou que através do cuidado de enfermagem, é possível estabelecer um vínculo do profissional com a parturiente, a fim de proporcionar um parto que respeita a fisiologia do processo de parturição e a liberdade da mulher, evitando assim a violência obstétrica. Conclusão: O estudo possibilitou uma ampla visibilidade da violência obstétrica como uma questão de saúde pública. Portanto, é válido a importância de a assistência a mulher ser melhorada no pré-natal, parto e puerpério pelo acesso às informações, cuidado e comunicação eficaz

Evolução do perfil didático-pedagógico do professor-engenheiro

Resumo Este trabalho é uma revisão bibliográfica, cujos objetivos são analisar e compreender a evolução do perfil didático-pedagógico do professor-engenheiro no Brasil. Identificou-se que o perfil didático-pedagógico não mudou ao longo da história dos cursos de engenharia. O método de ensino-aprendizagem é caracterizado por práticas tradicionais, que envolvem aulas expositivas e práticas laboratoriais, sendo o aluno avaliado por provas. Analogamente, o parque industrial brasileiro não apresentou mudanças significativas ao longo da história, sendo caracterizado pela reprodução de bens de consumo. Entretanto, o mercado empregador brasileiro impõe uma formação técnico-científica baseada em uma visão ética e humanística, que possibilite entender e desenvolver novas tecnologias, adquirir senso crítico e criativo, além de identificar e resolver problemas e demandas da sociedade. Essas competências profissionais são observadas apenas em países desenvolvidos que possuem uma educação de nível superior globalizada, que prioriza a mobilidade internacional de estudantes, professores e profissionais. Isso significa que as referidas competências são incompatíveis com a realidade brasileira que não pratica inovação tecnológica, centrando-se na reprodução de manufaturados. O governo tem implantado tanto legislações educacionais como programas de auxílio às indústrias com o intuito de atender às demandas do mercado empregador. Entretanto, os resultados foram insatisfatórios devido ao perfil reprodutivo do setor industrial. Contudo, o docente precisa adquirir novos métodos de ensino-aprendizagem, que possibilitem a construção ao invés da reprodução do conhecimento. Objetiva-se melhorar a aprendizagem do aluno, aprimorando sua capacitação profissional, o que resulta em avanço tecnológico, mesmo que seja no âmbito da reprodução de manufaturados

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

Chewing in adolescents with overweight and obesity: An exploratory study with behavioral approach

Physiological and behavioral aspects of masticatory function may have an impact on nutritional status, which has been little studied. The aim was to perform a comprehensive evaluation of objective, subjective and behavioral aspects of masticatory function in 231 adolescents, aged 14-17 years and compare these parameters between normal-weight (n = 115) and adolescents with overweight/obesity (n = 116). Objective aspects were examined by the Oro-facial Myofunctional Evaluation-expanded protocol (OMES-e), determining the masticatory type, chewing time/frequency, abnormal movements, and othermasticatory performance (color changeable chewing gum) and bite force were also explored. The subjective and behavioral evaluations were assessed using the Quality of Mastication Function Questionnaire, which explores the masticatory behavior and frequency/intensity of difficulty in chewing different types of foods. Results were submitted to normality tests, Chi-square, unpaired t-test and Mann-Whitney. A multiple linear regression model was used to evaluate which of the variables under study contributed to the variation in Percent Body Fat (alpha = 0.05). The results showed that OMES-e total score differed significantly between groups, that is, individuals with overweight showed more changes in oro-facial myofunctional aspects than normal-weight ones. Unilateral mastication was more frequent among females with overweight/obesity. They also showed greater difficulty on Habits and Fruit domains, reporting the need of adding sauce to the meal to facilitate swallowing and peeling and cutting fruit (apples) in small pieces in order to better chew them. OMES-e total score also showed a significant relationship with Percent Body Fat. Masticatory performance evaluated by chewing gum and bite force did not differ between groups. This study showed that adolescents with excess weight presented changes in masticatory behavior and greater difficulty in performing the masticatory function comparing to normal-weight ones. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Univ Estadual Campinas, Piracicaba Dent Sch, Dept Pediat Dent, Piracicaba, BrazilUniv Estadual Campinas, Piracicaba Dent Sch, Dept Restorat Dent, Piracicaba, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Biol Sci, UNIFESP, R Sao Nicolau 210, BR-09913030 Diadema, SP, BrazilDepartment of Biological Sciences – Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), R Sao Nicolau 210, BR-09913030 Diadema, SP, BrazilFAPESP: 2014/24804-4Web of Scienc