Multi-hazard Susceptibility Assessment for Land Use Planning in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area

The Lisbon Metropolitan Area is a risk hotspot in Portugal due to excessive exposure to natural and environmental hazards. In this work, a multi-hazard susceptibility assessment is performed for the 118 parishes that constitute the study area, considering the spatial incidence of seven hazardous processes: earthquakes, tsunami, beach erosion and coastal flooding, coastal erosion and cliff retreat, landslides, floods, and forest fires. The relative importance of hazardous processes was established through the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), based on the frequency-magnitude relationship of each process and its damage capacity. All the parishes exhibiting very high multi-hazard susceptibility have high earthquake susceptibility and most are located in riverine or coastal zones, thus subjected to floods and/or coastal erosion (affecting beaches and/or cliffs).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Acúmulo de silício e tolerância ao déficit hídrico em capins do gênero Brachiaria

Efeitos benéficos da adubação com silício (Si) têm sido observados em várias espécies vegetais, especialmente quando estas estão submetidas a estresse biótico ou abiótico. Entre as possíveis razões para a maior adaptabilidade e resistência do capim braquiária nas áreas de baixa fertilidade do solo das regiões do cerrado brasileiro, esta associada à sua capacidade em absorver e acumular Si na parte aérea. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da aplicação de Si sobre a produção de matéria seca de duas espécies das gramíneas Brachiaria decumbens Stapf e Brachiaria brizantha Hochst, cultivadas sob dois regimes de umidade no solo. Os ensaios foram instalados em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial (5 × 2 × 2) com cinco doses de Si (0, 242, 484, 968 e 1452 kg ha-1), duas tensões de água no solo (60% e 80% da capacidade de campo) e as duas espécies de braquiária. O experimento foi instalado em casa-de-vegetação, utilizando um dos mais representativos solos da região sob cerrado, Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo. As duas espécies de braquiária podem ser consideradas plantas acumuladoras de Si, por apresentarem altos teores de Si na parte aérea. A aplicação de Si no solo aumentou os teores deste elemento nas duas espécies de gramíneas testadas, mas não modificou a tolerância das duas gramíneas ao déficit hídrico, e não afetou a produção de matéria seca.The beneficial effects of silicon (Si) fertilization have been observed for several plant species, especially when submitted to stress, either biotic or abiotic. Among the possible reasons for the greater adaptability and resistance of brachiaria grass in areas of low fertility soils in Brazilian savanna, stands its capacity of absorbing and accumulating Si in aerial parts. To evaluate the effect of Si on dry matter yield of Brachiaria decumbens Stapf and Brachiaria brizantha Hochst, grown under two soil moisture regimes, a trial was set up in a completely randomized design factorial scheme (5 × 2 × 2), with five Si rates: (0; 242; 484; 968 and 1,452 kg ha-1), two soil water tensions (60% and 80% of field capacity) and the two brachiaria species. The experiment was installed in a greenhouse, using one of the most representative soils in the region under cerrado, Typic Haplustox. Both brachiaria species can be considered Si-accumulating plants, since they present high Si contents in their aerial parts. Application of Si to the soil increased the contents of this element in both grass species but did not change their tolerance to water deficit, and did not affect dry matter yield

On the Physical Vulnerability of Buildings Exposed to Landslide Hazards in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area

This study assesses the physical vulnerability of buildings (PVB) in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area (LMA) exposed to landslides triggered by both rainfall and earthquakes. Firstly, a statistical model (Information Value), validated with a ROC curve, was adopted to assess susceptibility to landslides caused by rainfall. Secondly, an Analytic Hierarchy Process was adopted to assess the susceptibility to landslides caused by earthquakes. In this case, the model was validated with an inventory of historical landslides in the LMA. The vulnerability assessment included all residential buildings surveyed in the 2011 Census, considering a set of vulnerability parameters, namely: the presence of reinforced structure, number of floors, conservation status, and need for repairs in the structure and finishes. These parameters, and their respective weights, were based on expert opinion and literature. Through this analysis, it was possible to identify meaningful regional interactions between the earthquake and rainfall-triggered landslides, leading to complex damage scenarios for residential buildings. It was also possible to identify risk hotspots and potential risk adaptation and mitigation measures.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Physical vulnerability of buildings to rainfall-and earthquake-induced landslides in the Lisbon metropolitan area

This study assesses the physical vulnerability of buildings in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area (LMA) to landslides triggered by rainfall and earthquakes. The susceptibility to rainfall-induced landslides was evaluated using the Information Value statistical model and validated through ROC curve analysis. Additionally, the susceptibility to earthquake-induced landslides was assessed using the Analytic Hierarchy Process, validated with historical landslide data. The vulnerability assessment considered all residential buildings registered by the 2011 Census, incorporating various parameters, such as the presence of reinforced structures, the number of floors, the conservation status, and the need for structural and non-structural repairs. These parameters, along with their respective weights, were determined based on expert opinion and literature. The analysis and the results reported in this paper revealed significant regional interactions between earthquake- and rainfall-triggered landslides, which can lead to complex damage scenarios for exposed buildings. This study not only contributes to enhancing our understanding of the physical vulnerability of buildings to rainfall- and earthquake-triggered landslides but also provides valuable insights for decision-makers and practitioners involved in hazard and risk management

Fatores de risco para dismorfia muscular em praticantes de musculação

The male audience is increasingly concerned with body image, which can lead to the development of behaviours and eating disorders that are extremely harmful to health. A concern previously noted in athletes, particularly bodybuilders, has also been noted in groups of non-athletes. The search for an increasingly muscular body points to a distortion of reality about oneself that generates major changes in the habits and routine of these individuals to seek the desired result. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify risk factors for the development of the disorder among groups with different frequencies in the practice of bodybuilding. 148 male individuals participated in this study, divided into three groups: sedentary (no physical activity), active (frequency of up to 4 times a week) and very active (more than 5 times a week). Analysis of variance (Kruskal-Wallis) showed significant differences for individuals classified as very active, with greater symptoms of muscle dysmorphia (χ2=30.911, p=0.00), desire to increase body size (χ2=16.924, p=0.000), higher pathological eating attitudes (χ2=12.622, p=0.002) and frequency of body checking behaviors (χ2=46.392, p=0.000), more negative beliefs about the body, greater functional impairment and internalization to a body more muscular in relation to the other two participating groups. The frequency with which individuals practiced weight training seems to be associated with several predisposing factors to muscle dysmorphia and harmful behaviors.O público masculino apresenta cada vez mais uma preocupação excessiva com a imagem corporal, o que pode levar ao desenvolvimento de comportamentos e distúrbios alimentares extremamente prejudiciais à saúde. Uma preocupação antes observada em atletas, em especial fisiculturistas, também tem sido observado em grupos de não atletas. A busca por um corpo cada vez mais musculoso, aponta uma distorção da realidade sobre si mesmo que gera grandes mudanças nos hábitos e na rotina desses indivíduos para buscar o resultado desejado. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar os fatores de risco para desenvolvimento do transtorno entre grupos com diferentes frequências na prática de musculação. Participaram deste estudo 148 indivíduos do sexo masculino, divididos em três grupos: sedentários (grupo controle sem prática de atividade física), ativos (frequência de até 4 vezes na semana) e muito ativos (mais de 5 vezes na semana). A análise de variância (Kruskal-Wallis) mostrou diferenças significativas para os indivíduos classificados como muito ativos, apresentando maiores sintomas de dismorfia muscular (χ2=30,911, p=0,00), desejo de aumentar o tamanho corporal (χ2=16,924, p=0,000), maiores atitudes alimentares patológicas (χ2=12,622, p=0,002) e frequência de comportamentos de checagem corporal (χ2=46,392, p=0,000), mais crenças negativas em relação ao corpo, maior prejuízo funcional e internalização para um corpo mais musculoso em relação aos outros dois grupos participantes. A frequência com que os indivíduos praticavam musculação parece estar associada a diversos fatores predisponentes à dismorfia muscular e comportamentos prejudiciais

Small-scale distribution of the mesozooplankton in a tropical insular system

Neste presente trabalho, são apresentadas as flutuações espacial e sazonal da abundância e diversidade do mesozooplâncton, com especial atenção para assembleia de copépodes da área costeira do Arquipélago de Fernando de Noronha (AFN) (3°50'24''S and 32°24'48''W). A amostragem foi realizada durante as estações seca e chuvosa de dois anos consecutivos (julho e dezembro de 2013) e (junho e novembro de 2014). Um total de 37 taxa do mesozooplâncton foram registrados, sendo os copépodes o grupo mais diversificado (15 taxa). A Subclasse Copepoda dominou em ambos os períodos amostrados, com valores de abundância relativa equivalentes a 53% e 86%, respectivamente, nas estações seca e chuvosa. As espécies consideradas abundantes foram: Calanopia americana, Undinula vulgaris, Oithona plumifera e Corycaeus speciosus. A estação chuvosa favoreceu um aumento significativo na abundância do mesozooplâncton e copépodes. No entanto, um baixo valor do índice de diversidade de Shannon-Wiener foi observado para este mesmo período sazonal. Isso foi explicado pelo domínio das espécies C. americana e U. vulgaris na área estudada. Diferença espacial não foi verificada. A assembleia de copépodes apresentou um maior número de espécies consideradas carnívoro-predador de grande importância na teia trófica pelágica, indicadoras de condições oligotróficas e componente de grande porção dos itens alimentares dos peixes. Assim, sugerimos que a área costeira do Arquipélago de Fernando de Noronha é caracterizada por uma comunidade do mesozooplâncton espacialmente homogênea, onde as mudanças observadas estão principalmente relacionadas ao fator sazonal.In the present work, spatial and seasonal fluctuations of the abundance and diversity of mesozooplankton are presented, with special attention being given to copepod assemblages from coastal area of the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (FNA) (3°50'24''S and 32°24'48''W). Sampling was carried out during the dry and rainy seasons of two consecutive years (July and December 2013) and (June and November 2014). A total of 37 mesozooplankton taxa were recorded, being the copepods the most diversified group (15 taxa). The Subclass Copepoda dominated in both periods sampled, comprising 53% and 86% of the total abundance in the dry and rainy season respectively. The species considered abundant were: Calanopia americana, Undinula vulgaris, Oithona plumifera and Corycaeus speciosus. The rainy season favored a significant increase in the abundance of mesozooplankton and copepods. However, a low value of the Shannon-Wiener diversity index was observed in this same seasonal period. This was explained by the dominance of the species C. americana and U. vulgaris in the studied area. Spatial differences have not been verified. The copepod assemblages was composed mostly by species considered as predator-carnivours of greater importance on the pelagic trophic web, indicators of oligotrophic conditions and components of a major portion of fish food items. Thus, we suggest that a spatially homogeneous mesozooplankton community characterizes the coastal area of Fernando de Noronha Archipelago with variations related mainly to the seasonal factor

Soil biochemistry and microbial activity in vineyards under conventional and organic management at Northeast Brazil.

The São Francisco Submedium Valley is located at the Brazilian semiarid region and is an important center for irrigated fruit growing. This region is responsible for 97% of the national exportation of table grapes, including seedless grapes. Based on the fact that orgThe São Francisco Submedium Valley is located at the Brazilian semiarid region and is an important center for irrigated fruit growing. This region is responsible for 97% of the national exportation of table grapes, including seedless grapes. Based on the fact that organic fertilization can improve soil quality, we compared the effects of conventional and organic soil management on microbial activity and mycorrhization of seedless grape crops. We measured glomerospores number, most probable number (MPN) of propagules, richness of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) species, AMF root colonization, EE-BRSP production, carbon microbial biomass (C-MB), microbial respiration, fluorescein diacetate hydrolytic activity (FDA) and metabolic coefficient (qCO2). The organic management led to an increase in all variables with the exception of EE-BRSP and qCO2. Mycorrhizal colonization increased from 4.7% in conventional crops to 15.9% in organic crops. Spore number ranged from 4.1 to 12.4 per 50 g-1 soil in both management systems. The most probable number of AMF propagules increased from 79 cm-3 soil in the conventional system to 110 cm-3 soil in the organic system. Microbial carbon, CO2 emission, and FDA activity were increased by 100 to 200% in the organic crop. Thirteen species of AMF were identified, the majority in the organic cultivation system. Acaulospora excavata, Entrophospora infrequens, Glomus sp.3 and Scutellospora sp. were found only in the organically managed crop. S. gregaria was found only in the conventional crop. Organically managed vineyards increased mycorrhization and general soil microbial activity