Giant Cell Arteritis: Current Advances in Pathogenesis and Treatment

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is the most common vasculitis in adults, with the incidence increasing with the advancing age. The aorta and its branches, especially the carotid extracranial branches, are the classic targets of inflammation in GCA. Visual loss, upper limb ischemia, and stroke are complications described. Suspicion of GCA is a medical emergency, and patients need to be quickly diagnosed/treated to prevent irreversible damage. Headache is the most common symptom, and a new-onset headache in older adults should always raise the suspicion of GCA. Patients may also present with scalp tenderness or tongue/jaw pain. GCA is often found to be the cause of an obscure-origin fever in older patients. A positive temporal artery biopsy is considered the gold standard for the diagnosis, but imaging techniques enable the assessment of cranial and extracranial arteries and the aorta. Ultrasound of temporal arteries is recommended and noncompressible “halo” sign is the typical finding. PET, MRI, or CT may be useful for the detection of the disease in the aorta and other vessels. The treatment must be started promptly with prednisone 1 mg/kg/day. When visual symptoms/unilateral visual loss is present, methylprednisolone pulse is recommended. Methotrexate, leflunomide and tocilizumab may be effective and well-tolerated glucocorticoid-sparing agents in GCA. Cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of death in patients

Characterization of gelification of chitosan solutions by dynamic light scattering

AbstractGels consist of soft materials with vast use in several activities, such as pharmaceutical industry, food manufacturing, and coatings/textile applications. In order to obtain these materials, the process of gelification, which can be physical (based on physical interactions) and/or chemical (based on covalent crosslinking), has to be carried out. In this manuscript we used dynamic light scattering (DLS) and rheometry to monitor the covalent gelification of chitosan solutions by glutaraldehyde. Intensity correlation function (ICF) data was obtained from DLS and the exponential stretched Kohrausch–William–Watts (KWW) function was fitted to them. A correlation between the parameters of KWW equation and delay time was explained in terms of viscoelastic changes during the process of gelation, caused by, at a first stage, the increase of chitosan macromolecular dimensions and, at longer times, by the increase in chitosan crosslinking density and loss of ergodicity. The dependence between apparent viscosity on reaction time was used to support the discussion proposed in this work

Distribution of 1.68 eV emission from diamond films

Free-standing polycrystalline chemical vapor deposition diamond films grown on a silicon wafer, with electrical behavior similar to values currently mentioned in the literature, present microheterogeneity. A detailed analysis by micro Raman shows how the diamond and nondiamond phases are distributed within the film and also the distribution of the silicon related luminescence. This luminescence is discussed in terms of two emitting centers close in energy. Absolute intensity of the diamond peak is not correlated with the good quality of the film as assessed by the Raman linewidth and ratio of this line to the nondiamond Raman line

Efecto del sexo y el peso de sacrifício sobre la calidad de la canal en cabritos de raza Serrana variedad Transmontana

EI objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar las canales de 60 cabritos Serranos variedad Transmontana. Los datos fueron analizados mediante el procedimiento GLM del SAS (2003) con base en un modelo facto rial de 2 x 3, considerando como efectos fijos las variables sexo (hembra y macho) y peso canal (4, 6 Y 8 kg). Las diferencias significativas entre las medias fueron sometidas a la prueba de Tukey. EI efecto del sexo solo fue significativo (P<O,05) en la medida S. EI efecto del peso de la canal fue significativo (P<O,01) en todas las medidas de la canal, excepto en el rendimiento de la canal fría y el índice de conformación de la pierna (P>O,05). En términos generales, las canales de mayor peso fueron las que tuvieron mayor valor en el rendimiento de canal caliente (RCC), longitud de la pierna (F), longitud de la canal (K), amplitud de la cadera (G), amplitud del pecho (Wr), amplitud de la espalda (5), perímetro del tórax (U), peri metro del anca (AA), conformación de pierna (G/F) y conformación de canal (PCQ/K)

Sustainable extraction of biocompounds from the green seaweed ulvarigida using ohmic heating

The development of new green and sustainable extraction technologies with low environmental impact and providing high nutritional functionalities, safety and applicability, has become relevant. Ohmic heating (OH) has emerged as a novel electric-based technology which allows high heating rates, higher selectivity of interest compounds, less energy and solvent consumption and energetically more efficient.[1,2] Ulva rigida is a green seaweed with high exploitation potential for commercial application. Its major compound of interest is ulvan, a sulfated polysaccharide present in the cell wall that has a wide range of possible applications in nutraceuticals, functional foods, agriculture and biomaterials.[3] The aim of this work was to access the feasibility of OH assisted extraction as an alternative extraction technology in the recovery of biocompounds (e.g.: polysaccharides, proteins, phenolic compounds and pigments) from Ulva rigida using different ratios of water/ethanol in different times of extraction. Extractions were made using a solid:solvent ratio of 1:30 and water/ethanol mixtures ranging from 0 to 75 % ethanol to extract different seaweeds fractions. The extractions were performed at 82 °C during 1 h, 2 h and 3 h, and the frequency was set at 25 kHz. Control extractions were made using a water bath (conventional extraction) with the same conditions, but without the presence of an electric field. Different parameters were assessed including extraction yield, lipids, ashes, moisture, total polysaccharides, protein, total phenolic compounds and pigments (chlorophylls and carotenoids) content, antioxidant activity and gelling ability. Higher extraction and ulvan-fraction yields, as well as total polysaccharides were obtained after 3 h of extraction for aqueous extracts. Total phenolic compounds, proteins and pigments content and antioxidant activity were higher for mixtures with higher amounts of ethanol. For antioxidant activity and total phenolic compounds, the 50:50 H2O/EtOH mixture under OH proved to be more efficient, with an increase up to 10 %, when compared to conventional extraction. Also, for pigments and protein content, the 25:75 H2O/EtOH mixture allowed promising results for 1 h of extraction. Gelling ability was identical in all produced extracts. As conclusion, these results showed that OH is a good alternative for a low cost and environmental-friendly extraction technology, for the recovery of bioactive compounds from green seaweeds.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Oral administration of curcumin (curcuma Longa) can attenuate the neutrophil inflammatory response in zymosan-induced arthritis in rats

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of curcumin in the acute phase of zymosan-induced arthritis.METHODS: Twenty-eight male rats were subjected to intra-articular infiltration of zymosan of both knees and, in four the infiltration was made with saline. The animals were divided into five groups second received every six hours by gavage: corn oil by (positive and negative control); curcumin (100 mg/kg); prednisone 1 mg/kg/day; prednisone 8 mg/kg. All animals were sacrificed after six, 12, 24 and 48 hours of the infiltration. The knees were removed for evaluation of neutrophil infiltration. The number of neutrophils was counted by computer-assisted analysis of the images. The neutrophil infiltrate was stratified into four grades: 0 = normal; + = mild; ++/+++ = moderate; > ++++ = severe. The results were compared using the Mann-Whitney test and the variance by Kruskal-Wallis test adopting a significance level of 5% (p<0.05).RESULTS: Curcumin reduces inflammatory activity in the first six hours after zymosan-induced arthritis when compared to saline (p<0.01). This was also observed in animals subjected to administration of prednisone (1 mg/kg) and those treated with prednisone (8 mg/kg). Curcumin was more effective than lower doses of prednisone in the first six hours after induction of the arthritis. After 12, 24 and 48 hours, curcumin does not have the same anti-inflammatory effects when compared to prednisone. After 48 hours, prednisone is more effective than curcumin in reducing the inflammatory infiltrate regardless of the dose of prednisone used.CONCLUSION: Oral administration of curcumin reduces inflammation in the first six hours after experimentally zymosan-induced arthritis.To evaluate the effect of curcumin in the acute phase of zymosan-induced arthritis.METHODS: Twenty-eight male rats were subjected to intra-articular infiltration of zymosan of both knees and, in four the infiltration was made with saline. The animals were2911727734sem informaçãosem informaçãoLawrence, R.C., Felson, D.T., Helmick, C.G., Arnold, L.M., Choi, H., Deyo, R.A., Gabriel, S., Wolfe, F., National Arthritis Data Workgroup. Estimates of the prevalence of arthritis and other rheumatic conditions in the United States. 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Future treatment of osteoarthritis (2005) Orthopedics, 28 (2), pp. s227-s234. , Feb, PMID: 15747611Banerjee, M., Tripathi, L.M., Srivastava, V.M., Puri, A., Shukla, R., Modulation of inflammatory mediators by ibuprofen and curcumin treatment during chronic inflammation in rat (2003) Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol, 25 (2), pp. 213-224. , May, PMID: 12784914Banji, D., Pinnapureddy, J., Banji, O.J., Saidulu, A., Hayath, M.S., Synergistic activity of curcumin with methotrexate in ameliorating Freund’s Complete Adjuvant induced arthritis with reduced hepatotoxicity in experimental animals (2011) Eur J Pharmacol, 668 (1-2), pp. 293-298. , Oct 1Funk, J.L., Frye, J.B., Oyarzo, J.N., Kuscuoglu, N., Wilson, J., McCaffrey, G., Stafford, G., Timmermann, B.N., Efficacy and mechanism of action of turmeric supplements in the treatment of experimental arthritis (2006) Arthritis Rheum, 54 (11), pp. 3452-3464. , Nov, PMID: 17075840Jancinová, V., Perecko, T., Nosál, R., Kostálová, D., Bauerová, K., Drábiková, K., Decreased activity of neutrophils in the presence of diferuloylmethane (curcumin) involves protein kinase C inhibition (2009) Eur J Pharmacol, 612 (1-3), pp. 161-166. , Jun 10Joe, B., Rao, U.J., Lokesh, B.R., Presence of an acidic glycoprotein in the serum of arthritic rats: Modulation by capsaicin and curcumin (1997) Mol Cell Biochem, 169 (1-2), pp. 125-134. , Apr, PMID: 908963

Coordinate noncommutativity in strong non-uniform magnetic fields

Noncommuting spatial coordinates are studied in the context of a charged particle moving in a strong non-uniform magnetic field. We derive a relation involving the commutators of the coordinates, which generalizes the one realized in a strong constant magnetic field. As an application, we discuss the noncommutativity in the magnetic field present in a magnetic mirror.Comment: 4 page

Ballistic transport properties across nonuniform strain barriers in graphene

We study the effect of uniaxial strain on the transmission and the conductivity across a strain-induced barrier in graphene. At variance with conventional studies, which consider sharp barriers, we consider a more realistic, smooth barrier, characterized by a nonuniform, continuous strain profile. Our results are instrumental towards a better understanding of the transport properties in corrugated graphene.Comment: High Press. Res., to appea

In vitro cultivation of Brosimum gaudichaudii Tréc. (Moraceae)

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o potencial organogenético de entrenós, discos foliares, e raízes de Brosimum gaudichaudii utilizando 12 diferentes combinações dos fitorreguladores 6-benzilaminopurina e ácido naftaleno acético, em meio MS (diluído à metade), sólido (6,5 g de ágar), e com 20 g.L-1 de sacarose. Independentemente das combinações hormonais testadas verificou-se a formação de calos friáveis (2 a 20 mm de diâmetro) em 90% dos entrenós usados como explantes. No entanto, os tratamentos testados não foram capazes induzir calos ou gemas em raízes e em discos foliares. O estudo anatômico revelou a formação de meristemóides nas regiões mais externa e mais interna dos calos. Os resultados obtidos poderão servir de base para novos testes de indução de calos na espécie.The objective of this research was to evaluate the organogenic potential of internodes, leaf discs and roots of Brosimum gaudichaudii using 12 different combinations of the plant growth regulators 6-benzylaminopurine and naphthalene acetic acid in MS medium (half strength), solid medium (6.5 g agar) and sucrose medium (20 g.L-1). Regardless the hormonal combination tested, we observed the formation of friable calluses (2 - 20 mm wide) in 90% of the internode explants. However, the treatments were not able to induce callus or buds on roots and leaf discs. The anatomical analysis revealed meristemoid formation in the outer and inner regions of the calluses. The results may serve as the basis for further testing of callus induction in this species

Quality Of Life Of Esophagectomized Patients: Adenocarcinoma Versus Squamous Cell Carcinoma [qualidade De Vida De Doentes Esofagectomizados: Adenocarcinoma Versus Carcinoma Epidermoide]

Objective: To evaluate and compare the quality of life (QOL) of patients undergoing esophagectomy for treatment of adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction and squamous cell carcinoma. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in postoperative patients submitted to esophagectomy for adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction (ACA) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), using the SF-36 questionnaire applied in 24 patients (10 ACAs and 14 SCCs), from the 5th months postoperatively, including clinical symptoms and weight change. Results: The assessment of QOL showed the best functional capacity (p = 0.018) in the ACA group. There was a correlation between the domains "mental health" and "Role of Emotions" (p = 0.003) and between "pain" and "physical aspects limitation" (p = 0.003) in both histological types. Weight loss was greater in ACA (45.9 kg), with no significant difference between current BMI (p> 0.66). Dysphagia was reported by 83.3% of patients, anorexia by58.3%, chewing difficulty by 42%, nausea and vomiting by 41.7% and diarrhea by 29.2%, with no correlation with QOL reported (p> 0.05). Conclusion: The highest score for functional capacity indicates that ACA patients were able to perform all types of physical activity, including the more demanding, at a higher level than patients with SCC. Some symptoms persisted postoperatively, but did not affect the quality of life of patients.40139Corley, D.A., Buffler, P.A., Oesophageal and gastric cardia adenocarcinomas: Analysis of regional variation using the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents database (2001) Int J Epidemiol, 30 (6), pp. 1415-1425Jankowski, J.A., Perry, I., Harrison, R.F., Gastro-oesophageal cancer: Death at the junction (2000) BMJ, 321 (7259), pp. 463-464Tercioti, V., Lopes, L.R., Coelho Neto, J.S., Andreollo, N.A., New aspects of the neo-adjuvant therapy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. A review of medical literature (2009) ABCD, Arq Bras Cir Dig, 22 (1), pp. 33-40Steffen, A., Schulze, M.B., Pischon, T., Dietrich, T., Molina, E., Chirlaque, M.D., Anthropometry and esophageal cancer risk in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition (2009) Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 18 (7), pp. 2079-2089de Boer, A.G., van Lanschot, J.J., van Sandick, J.W., Hulscher, J.B., Stalmeier, P.F., de Haes, J.C., Quality of life after transhiatal compared with extended transthoracic resection for adenocarcinoma of the esophagus (2004) J Clin Oncol, 22 (20), pp. 4202-4208Cense, H.A., Visser, M.R., van Sandick, J.W., de Boer, A.G., Lamme, B., Obertop, H., Quality of life after colon interposition by necessity for esophageal cancer replacement (2004) J Surg Oncol, 88 (1), pp. 32-38Blazeby, J.M., Farndon, J.R., Donovan, J., Alderson, D., A prospective longitudinal study examining the quality of life of patients with esophageal carcinoma (2000) Cancer, 88 (8), pp. 1781-1787Rosmolen, W.D., Boer, K.R., de Leeuw, R.J., Gamel, C.J., van Berge Henegouwen, M.I., Bergman, J.J., Quality of life and fear of cancer recurrence after endoscopic and surgical treatment for early neoplasia in Barrett's esophagus (2010) Endoscopy, 42 (7), pp. 525-531de Boer, A.G., Genovesi, P.I., Sprangers, M.A., van Sandick, J.W., Obertop, H., van Lanschot, J.J., Quality of life in long-term survivors after curative transhiatal oesophagectomy for oesophageal carcinoma (2000) Br J Surg, 87 (12), pp. 1716-1721McLarty, A.J., Deschamps, C., Trastek, V.F., Allen, M.S., Pairolero, P.C., Harmsen, W.S., Esophageal resection for cancer of the esophagus: Long- term function and quality of life (1997) Ann Thorac Surg, 63 (6), pp. 1568-1572Kirby, J.D., Quality of life after oesophagectomy: The patients' perspective (1999) Dis Esophagus, 12 (3), pp. 168-171(1993) El Estado Físico: Uso E Interpretación De La Antropometria, , OMS, Informe de un comité de Expertos de la OMS. 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Conceptual framework and item selection (1992) Med Care, 30 (6), pp. 473-483Ciconelli, R.M., Ferraz, M.B., Santos, W., Meinão, I., Quaresma, M.R., Tradução para a lingua portuguesa e validação do questionário genérico de avaliação de qualidade de vida SF-36 (Brasil SF-36) (1999) Rev Bras Reumatol, 39 (3), pp. 143-150Aaronson, N.K., Muller, M., Cohen, P.D., Essink-Bot, M.L., Fekkes, M., Sanderman, R., Translation, validation, and norming of the Dutch language version of the SF-36 Health Survey in community and chronic disease populations (1998) J Clin Epidemiol, 51 (11), pp. 1055-1068Jung, K.W., Talley, N.J., Romero, Y., Katzka, D.A., Schleck, C.D., Zinsmeister, A.R., Epidemiology and natural history of intestinal metaplasia of the gastroesophageal junction and Barrett's esophagus: A population-based study (2011) Am J Gastroenterol, 106 (8), pp. 1447-1455Modena, S.F., Meirelles, L.R., Araujo, M.R., Are the nitrites important in a Genesis of the adenocarcinoma associated to the Barrett esophagus? (2008) ABCD, Arq Bras Cir Dig, 21 (3), pp. 124-129Cooper, G.S., Yuan, Z., Chak, A., Rimm, A.A., Association of prediagnosis endoscopy with stage and survival in adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and gastric cardia (2002) Cancer, 95 (1), pp. 32-38Schembre, D., Arai, A., Levy, S., Farrel-Ross, M., Low, D., Quality of life esophagectomy and endoscopic therapy for Barrett's esophagus with dysplasia (2010) Dis Esophagus, 23 (6), pp. 458-464Sundelöf, M., Ye, W., Dickman, P.W., Lagergren, J., Improved survival in both histologic types of oesophageal cancer in Sweden (2002) Int J Cancer, 99 (5), pp. 751-754Brown, L.F., Kroenke, K., Theobald, D.E., Wu, J., (2011) Comparison of SF-36 Vitality Scale and Fatigue Symptom Inventory In Assessing Cancer-related Fatigue, 19 (8), pp. 1255-1259Zieren, H.U., Jacobi, C.A., Zieren, J., Müller, J.M., Quality of life following resection of oesophageal carcinoma (1996) Br J Surg, 83 (12), pp. 1772-1775Djärv, T., Lagergren, J., Blazeby, J.M., Lagergren, P., Long-term health-related quality of life following surgery for oesophageal cancer (2008) Br J Surg, 95 (9), pp. 1121-1126Tercioti Júnior, V., Lopes, L.R., Coelho Neto, J.S., Carvalheira, J.B., Andreollo, N.A., Eficácia local e complicações da terapêutica neoadjuvante no carcinoma epidermoide: Radioterapia versus ra-dioterapia associada à quimioterapia (2011) Rev Col Bras Cir, 38 (4), pp. 227-234Steinglass, P., Ostroff, J.S., Steinglass, A.S., Multiple family groups for adult cancer survivors and their families: A 1-day workshop model (2011) Fam Process, 50 (3), pp. 393-40