Clinical and histopathological study of the oral multifocal melanoacanthoma : a case report

Melanoacanthoma is a blackened mucocutaneous lesion, mainly affecting individuals with dark skin and exhibiting rapid development. Differential diagnosis includes nevus, amalgam tattoo and melanoma. This article reports a case of a 53-year-old white woman, who exhibited multiple blackened lesions on the gingiva and upper lip. After incisional biopsy, the presence of numerous melanin-containing dendritic cells distributed throughout the epithelial thickness, which were S-100 (+), were observed microscopically. Final diagnosis was multifocal oral melanoacanthoma. Follow-up for 28 months has shown appearing of more lesions in gingiva and upper lip. Therefore, the importance of differential diagnosis of oral melanoma with the group of oral pigmented lesions, and possible associated systemic diseases were evaluated

Estudo de alterações bucais em pacientes renais crônicos submetidos à hemodiálise / Study of oral changes in chronic kidney patients undergoing hemodialysis

A pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar as condições bucais de pacientes renais crônicos em hemodiálise do Hospital da FAP, a partir de exames clínicos e fazer a avaliação do índice CPO-D. A amostra foi constituída por 50 pacientes com tempo médio de nefropatia (7,34) e de hemodiálise (5,55) anos. Para determinar a situação bucal destes pacientes analisou-se a prevalência de cárie dentária (CPO-D). A média de idade foi de 52,2 anos. A média CPO-D foi de 20,9 variando de 1,0 a 32,0 com prevalência do componente perdido. As alterações diagnosticadas clinicamente foram líquen plano, hiperplasia fibrosa inflamatória e hipoplasia de esmalte. A hipertensão foi identificada como a doença que levou à insuficiência renal crônica em 28,0% dos casos. A experiência de cárie, avaliada pelo índice CPO-D, foi maior entre as mulheres em comparação com os homens. Os resultados apontam para a necessidade de tratamento odontológico destes pacientes, bem como o acompanhamento odontológico periódico e orientação quanto à manutenção de hábitos adequados relacionados à saúde bucal

Antifungal potential of sideroxylon obtusifolium and syzygium cumini and their mode of action against Candida albicans

FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOCAPES - COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL E NÍVEL SUPERIORContext The emergence of resistant pathogens and toxicity of antifungals have encouraged an active search for novel candidates to manage Candida biofilms. Objective In this study, the little known species Sideroxylon obtusifolium T.D. Penn (Sapotacea) and Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels (Myrtaceae), from the Caatinga biome in Brazil were chemically characterized and explored for their antifungal potential against C. albicans. Materials and methods We determined the effects of hydroalcoholic extracts/fractions upon fungal growth (minimum inhibitory and fungicidal concentrations, MIC/MFC), biofilm morphology (scanning electron microscopy) and viability (confocal laser scanning microscopy), proposed their mode of action (sorbitol and ergosterol assays), and finally investigated their effects against macrophage and keratinocyte cells in a cell-based assay. Data were analysed using one-way analysis of variance with Tukey-Kramer post-test (alpha = 0.05). Results The n-butanol (Nb) fraction from S. obtusifolium and S. cumini extract (Sc) showed flavonoids (39.11 +/- 6.62mg/g) and saponins (820.35 +/- 225.38mg/g), respectively, in their chemical composition and demonstrated antifungal activity, with MICs of 62.5 and 125 mu g/mL, respectively. Nb and Sc may complex with ergosterol as there was a 4-16-fold increase in MICs in the presence of exogenous ergosterol, leading to disrupted permeability of cell membrane. Deleterious effects were observed on morphology and viability of treated biofilms from concentrations as low as their MICs and higher. Sc was not toxic to macrophages and keratinocytes at these concentrations (p> 0.05), unlike Nb. Conclusions Nb and Sc demonstrated considerable antifungal activity and should be further investigated as potential alternative candidates to treat Candida biofilms.The emergence of resistant pathogens and toxicity of antifungals have encouraged an active search for novel candidates to manage Candida biofilms. In this study, the little known species Sideroxylon obtusifolium T.D. Penn (Sapotacea) and Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels (Myrtaceae), from the Caatinga biome in Brazil were chemically characterized and explored for their antifungal potential against C. albicans. We determined the effects of hydroalcoholic extracts/fractions upon fungal growth (minimum inhibitory and fungicidal concentrations, MIC/MFC), biofilm morphology (scanning electron microscopy) and viability (confocal laser scanning microscopy), proposed their mode of action (sorbitol and ergosterol assays), and finally investigated their effects against macrophage and keratinocyte cells in a cell-based assay. Data were analysed using one-way analysis of variance with Tukey-Kramer post-test (alpha = 0.05). The n-butanol (Nb) fraction from S. obtusifolium and S. cumini extract (Sc) showed flavonoids (39.11 +/- 6.62mg/g) and saponins (820.35 +/- 225.38mg/g), respectively, in their chemical composition and demonstrated antifungal activity, with MICs of 62.5 and 125 mu g/mL, respectively. Nb and Sc may complex with ergosterol as there was a 4-16-fold increase in MICs in the presence of exogenous ergosterol, leading to disrupted permeability of cell membrane. Deleterious effects were observed on morphology and viability of treated biofilms from concentrations as low as their MICs and higher. Sc was not toxic to macrophages and keratinocytes at these concentrations (p> 0.05), unlike Nb. Nb and Sc demonstrated considerable antifungal activity and should be further investigated as potential alternative candidates to treat Candida biofilms541023122319FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOCAPES - COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL E NÍVEL SUPERIORFAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOCAPES - COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL E NÍVEL SUPERIOR2013/25080-7; 2014/01723-9; 2011/23635-6308644/2011-5; 150682/2014-0552561/2011-

Estudo sobre métodos utilizados para a determinação da atividade antimicrobiana de extratos de plantas medicinais: elucidações e limitações das técnicas / Study on methods used to determine the antimicrobial activity of medicinal plants extracts: clearance and limitations of the techniques

Esse estudo realizou uma revisão de literatura sobre os métodos utilizados para a determinação da atividade antimicrobiana de extratos de plantas medicinais sobre microrganismos patogênicos. No teste de difusão em ágar avalia-se comparativamente frente a um padrão biológico de referência com medição da zona de inibição de crescimento. Na diluição em ágar, os extratos são diluídos no meio de cultura fundido em várias concentrações e os microrganismos são inoculados após a gelificação do meio. Outras técnicas incluem o uso de discos de papel de filtro, cilindro inoxidável, a perfuração em ágar, além da bioautografia para identificação de constituintes bioativos de extratos vegetais e a medição da impedância para detecção da atividade bacteriana com determinação da concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) e da concentração bactericida mínima (CBM). Para avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana, os métodos mais utilizados e recomendados são difusão em ágar, para triagem da atividade, e microdiluição, para determinação da CIM

Evaluation of oral health status and quality of life of head and neck cancer patients after radiation therapy

Introduction. Neoplasm of the head and neck can be treated surgically, by radiation, chemotherapy, or using combination of these methods. In contrast to surgical and radiation treatment which mostly have a local effect, chemotherapy in addition to local have also a systemic effect. Both XRT in oral region and chemotherapy can affect oral health. The aim of this study was to assess the oral health status and quality of life in patients with head and neck cancer after receiving radiation therapy. Material and Methods. Quantitative, analytical and cross-sectional research methods along with the application of UW-QOL questionnaire version 4, were used. Seventy one patients of the outpatient facilities at two cancer hospitals in the state of Paraнba, Brazil, were included in the study. Oral health status was evaluated using the Lockhart and Clark criteria. Linear Poisson and Logistic Regression tests were applied to assess associations between the variables using a significance level of 5%. Results. Of the total number of patients, 71.83% were male, the average age was 62 years and 57.74% were non-Caucasian. The group that received dental monitoring and follow-up attained the highest (830.13) Quality of life scores, including: “pain” (93.13) and “taste” (83.07). The highest score for oral health in the group that did not receive dental monitoring and follow-up treatment was 4.08 for “oral hygiene”. Conclusion. Dental monitoring and follow-up should begin before radiation therapy, given that both the illness and methods used for the treatment negatively affect patients’ quality of life

The use of high and low power lasers in the treatment of mucocele in lip: a case report

Mucocele is an inflammatory lesion of the common salivary gland in the oral cavity, generated by the accumulation of saliva, from the rupture of the minor salivary gland duct. The objective of this report was to describe a case of extravasation phenomena treated with high-power diode laser in association with photobiomodulation. The patient presented a nodular, exophytic lesion on the lower lip, similar in color to the mucosa, measuring 2 cm in diameter. Excisional biopsy was performed with high-power diode laser. Immediately after surgery and weekly thereafter, photobiomulation was performed with lower-power diode. After one-month, total repair of the surgical wound was observed, with minimal scarring, without lesion recurrence during 14 months of follow-up. Therefore, the treatment protocol used proved to be an effective, safe and fast alternative, bringing greater comfort to both professional and patient during the trans and postoperative periods.Mucocele is an inflammatory lesion of the common salivary gland in the oral cavity, generated by the accumulation of saliva, from the rupture of the minor salivary gland duct. The objective of this report was to describe a case of extravasation phenomena treated with high-power diode laser in association with photobiomodulation. The patient presented a nodular, exophytic lesion on the lower lip, similar in color to the mucosa, measuring 2 cm in diameter. Excisional biopsy was performed with high-power diode laser. Immediately after surgery and weekly thereafter, photobiomulation was performed with lower-power diode. After one-month, total repair of the surgical wound was observed, with minimal scarring, without lesion recurrence during 14 months of follow-up. Therefore, the treatment protocol used proved to be an effective, safe and fast alternative, bringing greater comfort to both professional and patient during the trans and postoperative periods

Antimicrobial and antiproliferative potential of Anadenanthera colubrina (vell.) Brenan

The aim of the present study was to perform an in vitro analysis of the antimicrobial and antiproliferative potential of an extract from Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan (angico) and chemically characterize the crude extract. Antimicrobial action was evaluated based on the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentration, and the inhibition of formation to oral biofilm. Cell morphology was determined through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Six strains of tumor cells were used for the determination of antiproliferative potential. The extract demonstrated strong antifungal activity against Candida albicans ATCC 18804 (MIC = 0.031 mg/mL), with similar activity found regarding the ethyl acetate fraction. The extract and active fraction also demonstrated the capacity to inhibit the formation of Candida albicans to oral biofilm after 48 hours, with median values equal to or greater than the control group, but the difference did not achieve statistical significance (P > 0.05). SEM revealed alterations in the cell morphology of the yeast. Regarding antiproliferative activity, the extract demonstrated cytostatic potential in all strains tested. The present findings suggest strong antifungal potential for Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan as well as a tendency toward diminishing the growth of human tumor cells.The aim of the present study was to perform an in vitro analysis of the antimicrobial and antiproliferative potential of an extract from Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan (angico) and chemically characterize the crude extract. Antimicrobial action was evaluated based on the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentration, and the inhibition of formation to oral biofilm. Cell morphology was determined through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Six strains of tumor cells were used for the determination of antiproliferative potential. The extract demonstrated strong antifungal activity against Candida albicans ATCC 18804 ( mg/mL), with similar activity found regarding the ethyl acetate fraction. The extract and active fraction also demonstrated the capacity to inhibit the formation of Candida albicans to oral biofilm after 48 hours, with median values equal to or greater than the control group, but the difference did not achieve statistical significance . SEM revealed alterations in the cell morphology of the yeast. Regarding antiproliferative activity, the extract demonstrated cytostatic potential in all strains tested. The present findings suggest strong antifungal potential for Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan as well as a tendency toward diminishing the growth of human tumor cells201