Establishment of Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden in vitro using commercial products for seed treatment

Given the current demand for timber from forest species, there is a need to develop new strategies for the mass propagation of eucalyptus. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of different doses of Standak Top® and CoMo Raiz® on the establishment of Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden from seeds in vitro. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 4 × 3 + 1 factorial arrangement (four concentrations: 1, 2, 3, and 4 mL L-1 of the commercial products Standak Top®, CoMo Raiz®, a mixture of both, and a control treatment) with 20 replicates. The following characteristics were evaluated: Contamination level, shoot length, and the number of leaves. No contamination was observed for the different doses of Standak Top®. Additions of 1 to 3 mL L-1 of Standak Top® to the culture media yielded the greatest shoot length, and the additions of 2 to 3 mL L-1 yielded the greatest number of leaves. Mixing Standak Top® and CoMo Raiz® did not significantly enhance the measured characteristics.Keywords: Standak Top®, CoMo Raiz®, tissue culture, asepsis, culture mediaAfrican Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(25), pp. 3963-396

Influência do fechamento dos frascos e do carvão ativado na morfogênese e anatomia foliar de Annona glabra (Annonaceae) cultivada in vitro

This study evaluated the effects of the type of tube closure and the use of activated charcoal in the morphogenesisand leaf anatomy of Annona glabra (Annonaceae). Nodal segments of A. glabra were inoculated in WPM mediumsupplemented with 30 g l-1 sucrose and five concentrations of activated charcoal (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 g l-1). During in vitroculture, nodal segments were kept in test tubes closed in one of three ways: plastic cap sealed with PVC wrap, plastic capwithout a PVC wrap and cotton plug. The results showed that the shoots obtained in tubes closed with a plastic capwithout a PVC wrap or sealed with a cotton plug had increased growth compared to those obtained in tubes sealed witha plastic cap and a PVC wrap. The presence of activated charcoal caused a reduction of leaf abscission and influenced theanatomical development of the shoots in the tubes sealed with a cotton plug and sealed with a plastic cap without a PVCwrap. The highest means for leaf tissue thickness were obtained from the shoots kept in closed tubes with a plastic lid anda PVC wrap in the absence of activated charcoal.Este trabalho buscou avaliar os efeitos do tipo de fechamento dos tubos e da utilizaçãode carvão ativado na morfogênese e anatomia foliar de Annona glabra (Annonaceae). Segmentos nodais de A. glabra foraminoculados no meio de cultura WPM suplementado com 30 g l-1 de sacarose e cinco concentrações de carvão ativado (0, 1,2, 3 e 4 g l-1). Durante o cultivo in vitro, os segmentos nodais foram mantidos em tubos de ensaio e estes foram fechadosde três formas: com tampa plástica envolvida com película de PVC, tampa plástica sem película de PVC e tampão dealgodão. Os resultados mostraram que as brotações obtidas em tubos fechados com tampa plástica sem película de PVCou fechados com tampão de algodão promoveram maior crescimento em relação às obtidas em tubos fechados com tampaplástica e película de PVC. A presença do carvão ativado promoveu a redução da abscisão foliar e influenciou nodesenvolvimento anatômico das brotações dos tubos fechados com tampão de algodão ou vedados com tampa plástica sempelícula de PVC. As maiores médias para a espessura dos tecidos foliares foram obtidas nas brotações mantidas em tubosfechados com tampa plástica e película de PVC na ausência de carvão ativado

Alternative tube caps on in vitro growth of Orbignya oleifera Burret.: An Arecaceae native cerrado domain

The babassu (Orbignya oleifera Burret) is a palm that contains oilseeds whose biomass can be used for biofuel production. Due to difficulties in germinating the species, in vitro cultivation techniques are sought as a viable alternative to expand studies on germination. The objective of this study was to evaluate different types of tube caps for in vitro growth of babassu seedlings. Thus, zygotic embryos were inoculated in tubes containing MS medium with a 50% salt concentration, which were sealed with diferent caps, a cotton plug, plastic cap, PVC film and plastic cap with PVC film. During the in vitro culture, the mean length of seedlings, the formation of the cotyledon petiole and root, as well as oxidation of the explants were evaluated. The cotton plug exhibited a positive effect on the initial steps of in vitro cultivation, which promoted more vigorous plants with greater mean lengths; however, its effect decreased as the cultivation time increased. The cotton plug is an alternative and eight-fold less expensive than a conventional plug, which favors early in vitro growth of O. oleifera Burret.Key words: Babassu, Goiás Cerrado, tissue culture

Nodal segments and zygotic embryos in culture media for the in vitro propagation of tamarind

There has been a lack of research on the propagation methods of tamarind, hindering the availability and supply of its products. Considering the nutraceutical potential of tamarind and the long-time required to initiate production, this study aimed to evaluate the establishment of nodal segments and the germination of in vitro zygotic embryos of tamarind plants in culture media, salt concentrations, and activated charcoal, aiming at the establishment of an in vitro propagation protocol. For this purpose, MS and WPM media with 25, 50, 75 and 100% salt concentrations were used both with and without activated charcoal (2 g L-1) for the inoculation of nodal segments and zygotic embryos of tamarind. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized experimental design, in a 2 x 4 x 2 factorial scheme (culture media x salt concentrations x activated charcoal) with 20 replications. It was observed that the in vitro establishment of tamarind nodal segments is viable when using the MS medium with 75% of salts plus 2 g L-1 of activated charcoal and that for the germination of zygotic embryos there was no influence of the treatments. It was also observed that in order to increase the length of the formed plantlets, the MS and WPM media can be employed with 75% of salts.There has been a lack of research on the propagation methods of tamarind, hindering the availability and supply of its products. Considering the nutraceutical potential of tamarind and the long-time required to initiate production, this study aimed to evaluate the establishment of nodal segments and the germination of in vitro zygotic embryos of tamarind plants in culture media, salt concentrations, and activated charcoal, aiming at the establishment of an in vitro propagation protocol. For this purpose, MS and WPM media with 25, 50, 75 and 100% salt concentrations were used both with and without activated charcoal (2 g L-1) for the inoculation of nodal segments and zygotic embryos of tamarind. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized experimental design, in a 2 x 4 x 2 factorial scheme (culture media x salt concentrations x activated charcoal) with 20 replications. It was observed that the in vitro establishment of tamarind nodal segments is viable when using the MS medium with 75% of salts plus 2 g L-1 of activated charcoal and that for the germination of zygotic embryos there was no influence of the treatments. It was also observed that in order to increase the length of the formed plantlets, the MS and WPM media can be employed with 75% of salts

Composição do meio de cultivo para produção de microplantas de caju-de-árvore-do-Cerrado (Anacardium othonianum RIZZ.) - Composition of the cultivation medium for the production of microplants of Cerrado-tree cashew (Anacardium othonianum RIZZ.)

RESUMOO Anacardium othonianum Rizz. é uma planta típica de regiões de clima tropical caracterizada pela aparência exótica e aroma agradável. Na busca de diversificar a produção e atividades que proporcione maior rentabilidade, a micropropagação tem sido uma alternativa para produção em grande escala em curto espaço de tempo. Por isso, objetivou-se com este trabalho determinar as melhores condições in vitro para micropropagação dessa espécie, para isso, avaliamos a adição de diferentes concentrações de AIB (Ácido Indolbutírico), sacarose e carvão ativado no meio de cultivo in vitro. Foram utilizadas cinco concentrações de AIB (0; 1; 2; 3; 4 mg L-1) e cinco concentrações de sacarose (0, 15, 30, 45, 60 g L-1) na ausência ou presença de carvão ativado (2 g L-1), em meio WPM 50%. Aos 30 e 60 dias foram feitas avaliações do número de explantes oxidados, comprimento médio e número de folhas por explante. Verificou-se que o meio de cultivo suplementado com carvão ativado e a adição de 4 mg L-1 de AIB, contribuiu para a o crescimento de raízes in vitro da espécie. Enquanto, que o meio de cultivo com 30 g sacarose e presença de carvão ativado proporcionou maior comprimento dos explantes e maior número de folhas.Palavras-chave: Frutífera nativa, cerrado, micropropagação.ABSTRACTThe Anacardium othonianum Rizz. It’s a typical plant of regions of tropical climate characterized by the exotic appearance and pleasant aroma. In the quest to diversify production and activities that provide greatest profitability, micropropagation has been an alternative for large-scale production in short time. Therefore, the objective of this work is to determine the best in vitro results for micropropagation of this species, for this, we evaluated the addition of different concentrations of AIB (Indolbutyric Acid), sucrose and activated charcoal in the in vitro culture medium. Five concentrations of AIB (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 mg L-1) and five sucrose concentrations (0, 15, 30, 45, 60 g L-1) were used in the absence or presence of activated charcoal, in WPM 50% medium. At 30 and 60 days, the number of oxidation, average length and number of leaves per explant were evaluated. It was found that the culture medium supplemented with activated charcoal and an addition of 4 mg L-1 of IBA, contributed to in vitro root growth. While the culture medium with 30 g L-1 sucrose and the presence of activated charcoal provided a longer length of the explants and a larger number of leaves.Key words: Native Fruit, Cerrado, Micropropagation

Guided portfolio writing as a scaffold for reflective learning in in-service contexts: A case study

Language is widely recognized as an inescapable mediating tool for professional learning, and with this text we want to contribute to a better understanding of the particular role that guided writing can play in in-service professional reflective learning. We analysed one pre-school teacher’s written portfolio, the construction of which was guided to scaffold deep thinking about (and the transference of theory into) practice during participation in an in-service program about language education. Our case study shows that the writing process sustained robust learning about professional knowing, doing and learning itself: The teacher elaborated an integrative ethical understanding of the discussed theory, fully experienced newly informed practices and assessed her own learning by using theory to confront her previous knowledge and practices. Throughout the portfolio, the learning stance revealed by her voice varied accordingly. The study illustrates the potential of guided writing to scaffold reflective learning in in-service contexts.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT), Portugal. PEst-OE/CED/UI1661/2011] through CIEd (Centro de Estudos em Educação). PEst-OE/CED/UI0317/2014] through CIEC.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Indução de Calos em Sempre-Viva (<i>Syngonanthus</i> <i>mucugensis</i> Giulietti) utilizando diferentes tipos de explantes e concentrações de BAP

Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar a indução de calos in vitro, de Syngonanthus mucugensis utilizando diferentes tipos de explantes e concentrações de BAP (6- benzylaminopurina)

Indução de calos em sempre-viva (Syngonanthus mucugensis Giulietti), utilizando diferentes tipos de explantes e concentrações de BAP = Callus induction in sempre-viva (Syngonanthus mucugensis Giulietti) using different types of explants and BAP concentrations

A sempre-viva-de-mucugê [Syngonanthus mucugensis – Eriocaulaceae] é uma planta com grande valor ornamental e caracteriza-se pela durabilidade de suas inflorescências que se mantém mesmo depois de coletadas e secas. A propagação sexuada dessa espécie resulta em plantas desuniformes por ser geneticamente segregante e, aliada aeste fato, existe a ameaça de extinção da espécie, sendo por isso restrita a coleta na sua região de origem. Desta forma, a cultura de tecidos torna-se uma alternativa viável para a formação de novas mudas e, por isso, objetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar a indução de calos in vitro de Syngonanthus mucugensis, utilizando diferentes concentrações de BAP (6-benzilaminapurina). O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado (DIC), sendo que cadatratamento continha quatro repetições e cada repetição era formada por quatro explantes. Os explantes utilizados foram plantas cultivadas in vitro e segmentos nodais delas. O meio de cultivo utilizado foi o MS (metade dos sais), suplementado com (0,0; 0,89; 1,78; 3,55; 7,10; 14,21 e 28,42 μM) de BAP. Aos 60 dias, avaliaram-se a sobrevivência dos explantes e a porcentagem de formação de calos. Verificou-se que plantas inteiras e segmentos nodais deSyngonanthus mucugensis são explantes responsíveis à formação de calos friáveis, sendo que a produção significativa é obtida utilizando-se as concentrações de 1,78 e 3,55 μM de BAP.<br><br>Sempre-viva-de-mucugê [Syngonanthus mucugensis – Eriocaulaceae] is a plant with great ornamental value characterized by the durability of its inflorescences, which remains even after collected and dried. Thesexual propagation of this species results in disuniform plants, as it is genetically segregating; in addition, this species is currently endangered, with collection therefore restricted to its region of origin. Thus, tissue culture becomes a viable alternative for theformation of new plants. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro induction of callus in Syngonanthus mucugensis using different BAP (6-benzylaminopurine) concentrations. The experimental design was completely randomized, with each treatment containing 4 replications and each replications formed by 4 explants. The explants used were seedlings cultivated in vitro and their nodal segments. The culture medium used was MS (halfstrength concentrations) supplemented with 0.0; 0.89; 1.78; 3.55; 7.10; 14.21 and 28.42 μM of BAP. At 60 days, the survival of the explants and the percentage of formation of calluswere evaluated. It was verified that seedlings and nodal segments of Syngonanthus mucugensis are responsive explants to the formation of friable callus, with significant production obtained using the 1.78 and 3.55 μM BAP concentrations