Els contextos quotidians i els Estudis de Cas com a espai didàctic per a l'ensenyament de les Ciències basat en Projectes

L’Aprenentatge Basat en Projectes suposa una oportunitat per a l’ensenyament de les ciències, perquè inclou el paper del Context en l’aprenentatge, i la necessitat d’un aprenentatge actiu basat en la resolució de conflictes. Es proposen diverses experiències d’esquemes metodològics diversos (estudis de cas, indagació, controvèrsies) al voltant de les reaccions químiques, les mescles i dissolucions, la mitosi, la tectònica de plaques i la cinemàtica i la dinàmica) i se’n discuteix la seva utilitat en l’ensenyament de les Ciències.Project-Based Learning is an opportunity for Science Education, as it includes in learning activities a main role for the Context, and the need to solve conflicts through active learning activities. We propose several experiences based on diverse methodological frames (Case Studies, Inquiry, Socio-Scientific Issues) on chemical reactions, solutions, mitosis, plate tectonics, kinematics and dynamics) and we discuss its applications to Science Education.L’Aprenentatge Basat en Projectes suposa una oportunitat per a l’ensenyament de les ciències, perquè inclou el paper del Context en l’aprenentatge, i la necessitat d’un aprenentatge actiu basat en la resolució de conflictes. Es proposen diverses experiències d’esquemes metodològics diversos (estudis de cas, indagació, controvèrsies) al voltant de les reaccions químiques, les mescles i dissolucions, la mitosi, la tectònica de plaques i la cinemàtica i la dinàmica) i se’n discuteix la seva utilitat en l’ensenyament de les Ciències

Comprensión conceptual de estadística y métodos de decisión utilizando herramientas de gamificación para la adquisición de competencias en los grados de ciencias económicas y empresariales

El objetivo general del proyecto es mejorar la motivación y la actitud de los alumnos de los grados de ciencias sociales hacia las materias cuantitativas, así como su participación activa en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, individual y en grupo, con la finalidad última de incrementar su nivel de competencias y rendimiento

[Quitamiento de dos censos de 40 y 15 libras valencianas cargados originalmente por Galcerà Ferrer y Pere Domenech, señores del lugar de Vertfull] [Manuscrito]

Este pergamino forma parte del fondo de la familia Saavedra - Rodrigo.Dos escrituras de quitamiento de dos censales otorgadas a Pere Domenech, Señor del lugar de Vertfull [Berfull], por Joan Jeroni Borrell, doncel vecino de la ciudad de Xàtiva, facultado por una sentencia de partición de la herencia de su padre Gaspar Borrell con su hermana Castellana Honorata Borrell. Quitamiento de un censal de 40 libras y pensión anual de 65 sueldos y 8 dineros valencianos cargados originalmente por Galcerà Ferrer, señor del lugar de Vertfull [Berfull], ante el notario Jaume Domenech el 22 de julio de 1505. Quitamiento de un censal de 15 libras y pensión anual de 30 sueldos valencianos cargados originalmente por Galcerà Ferrer, señor del lugar de Vertfull [Berfull], ante el notario Jaume Domenech el 13 de ferbero de 1506. Notario, Pasqual Perpinyà. Testigos: Jeroni Domenech, notario, y Jaume García, fabricante de mantas, vecinos de Xàtiva

Magnesium hydrogen breath test using end-expiratory sampling to assess achlorhydria in pernicious anaemia patients

A modified magnesium hydrogen breath test, using end expiratory breath sampling, is described to investigate achlorhydria. The efficacy of this test in the diagnostic investigation of pernicious anaemia was compared with that of serum pepsinogen I. Twenty one patients with pernicious anaemia--that is, patients with achlorhydria--and 22 with healed duodenal ulcer and normal chlorhydria were studied. Magnesium hydrogen breath test, serum pepsinogen I, serum gastrin, and standard gastric acid secretory tests were performed in all subjects. The mean (SEM) hydrogen peak value was lower in patients with pernicious anaemia than in the duodenal ulcer group (21.7 (1.9) v 71.3 (5.2) ppm; p = 0.00005). The hydrogen peak value had a 95.2% sensitivity and a 100% specificity to detect pentagastrin resistant achlorhydria. Mean serum pepsinogen I concentrations were also significantly lower in patients with pernicious anaemia than in the duodenal ulcer group (10.7 (2.7) v 123.6 (11.8) micrograms/l p = 0.00005). Sensitivity and specificity to detect pernicious anaemia were both 100% for pepsinogen I. It is concluded that this modified magnesium hydrogen breath test is a simple, noninvasive, cost effective, and accurate method to assess achlorhydria and may be useful in the diagnostic investigation of patients with suspected pernicious anaemia

Safety of two different doses of simvastatin plus rifaximin in decompensated cirrhosis (LIVERHOPE-SAFETY): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial

Background: Statins have beneficial effects on intrahepatic circulation and decrease portal hypertension and rifaximin modulates the gut microbiome and might prevent bacterial translocation in patients with cirrhosis. Therefore, this drug combination might be of therapeutic benefit in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. However, there is concern regarding the safety of statins in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. We assessed the safety of two different doses of simvastatin, in combination with rifaximin, in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. Methods: We did a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial in patients with decompensated cirrhosis and moderate-to-severe liver failure from nine university hospitals in six European countries (Italy, France, Holland, Germany, the UK, and Spain). Patients older than 18 years with Child-Pugh class B or C disease were eligible. We randomly assigned patients (1:1:1) to receive either simvastatin 40 mg/day plus rifaximin 1200 mg/day, simvastatin 20 mg/day plus rifaximin 1200 mg/day, or placebo of both medications for 12 weeks. Randomisation was stratified according to Child-Pugh class (B vs C) and restricted using blocks of multiples of three. The primary endpoint was development of liver or muscle toxicity, as defined by changes in liver aminotransferases (aspartate aminotransferase [AST] and alanine aminotransferase [ALT]), alkaline phosphastase, and creatine kinase. The study is registered with the European Union Clinical Trials Register, 2016-004499-23, and with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03150459. Findings: The study recruitment period was between July 28, 2017, and Jan 2, 2018. Follow-up finished on March 12, 2018. 50 patients were randomly assigned to simvastatin 40 mg/day plus rifaximin 1200 mg/day (n=18), simvastatin 20 mg/day plus rifaximin 1200 mg/day (n=16), or placebo of both medications (n=16). Six patients (two from each group) were excluded. Therefore, the full analysis set included 44 patients (16 in the simvastatin 40 mg/day plus rifaximin 1200 mg/day group, 14 in the simvastatin 20 mg/day plus rifaximin mg/day group, and 14 in the placebo group). After a safety analyses when the first ten patients completed treatment, treatment was stopped prematurely in the simvastatin 40 mg/day plus rifaximin group due to recommendations by the data safety monitoring board. Patients in the simvastatin 40 mg/day plus rifaximin group showed a significant increase in AST and ALT compared with the placebo group (mean differences between the groups at the end of treatment for AST 130 IU/L [95% CI 54 to 205; p=0·0009] and for ALT 61 IU/L [22 to 100; p=0·0025]. We observed no significant differences at 12 weeks in AST and ALT between the simvastatin 20 mg/day plus rifaximin and placebo group (for AST −14 IU/L [–91 to 64; p=0·728] and for ALT −8 IU/L [–49 to 33; p=0·698]). We observed no significant differences in alkaline phosphatase between the the simvastatin 40 mg/day plus rifaximin or the simvastatin 20 mg/day plus rifaximin groups compared with placebo. Patients in the simvastatin 40 mg/day plus rifaximin group showed an increase in creatine kinase at the end of treatment compared with patients in the placebo group (1009 IU/L [208 to 1809]; p=0·014). We observed no significant changes in creatine kinase in the simvastatin 20 mg/day plus rifaximin group (4·2 IU/L [–804 to 813]; p=0·992). Three (19%) patients in the simvastatin 40 mg/day group developed liver and muscle toxicity consistent with rhabdomyolysis. The number of patients who stopped treatment because of adverse events was significantly higher in the simvastatin 40 mg/day plus rifaximin group (nine [56%] of 16 patients) compared with the other two groups (two [14%] of 14 for both groups; p=0·017). There were no serious unexpected adverse reactions reported during the study. Interpretation: Treatment with simvastatin 40 mg/day plus rifaximin in patients with decompensated cirrhosis was associated with a significant increase in adverse events requiring treatment withdrawal, particularly rhabdomyolysis, compared with simvastatin 20 mg/day plus rifaximin. We recommend simvastatin 20 mg/day as the dose to be used in studies investigating the role of statins in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. Funding: Horizon 20/20 European programme