319 research outputs found
El complejo TurbidÃtico del CarbonÃfero del Priorato (Tarragona)
[ES] Se caracterizan las facies de una sucesion de 2.250 m de potencia
de sedimentos carboniferos turbiditicos de la parte central del Priorato
(zona de las vilellas-Poboleda).
En 10s materiales paleozoicos de este area se distinguen tres unidades
IitoestratigrAficas carboniferas que integran el Complejo TurbidÃtico
del Prioraro y que yacen discordantes sobre 10s materiales
del Devdnico medio-superior (unidad 1). Los materiales de la unidad
inferior (unidad 2) se depositaron en un ambiente de talud - apron
y constan fundamentalmente de areniscas que intercalan niveles deslizados
de liditas, calizas y areniscas. Los depdsitos de las unidades
3 y 4 rnuestran diversas asociaciones de facies tipicas de ambientes
de abanico submarino profundo. La unidad 3 muestra facies de llanura
de cuenca y depositos arenosos de un canal intercalado. La unidad
4 esta constituida por tres megasecuencias negativas que corresponden
a otros tantos episodios de progradacion de un sistema de
lóbulo de abanico submarino.
Se discuten las relaciones entre las asociaciones de facies de las
tres unidades litoestratigraficas del complejo turbiditico y su asimilacidn
a unidades deposicionales dentro de modelos de sedimentaoidn
submarina.[EN] Facies characteristics are described for a 2.250 m thick succesion
of Carboniferous sediments which crops out along the Las Vilellas-
Poboleda road (central zone of El Priorato, Catalan Coastal Ranges).
In the studied area three main Carboniferous lithostratigraphic
units have been distinguished. The lower Carboniferous unit unconformably
overlie a basal Devonian unit (unit 1 or Vilellas unit),
which is formed by shales alternating with cherts and quarztose sandstones.
Unit 2 (Basetas unit) is mainly composed of lithic sandstones.
These caotic sediments are interpreted like deposits of a slopeapron
system.
Severa1 facies associations, typical from deep sea fan environments,
are recognized in the two uppermost units: outer fan facies and channel
deposits in the Scala Dei unit (unit 3) and distal lobe, proximal
non-channelized lobe and proximal channelized lobe facies associations
in the Poboleda unit (unit 4). The outer fan deposits consist
of monotonous shales with interbedded thin sandstones. A sandstone
level, 60 m thick, is found within this facies and has been interpreted
as channel deposits. The fan-lobe deposits are arranged in three
coarsening and thickening upward megasequences, 500 m thick each
one and reflect three major episodes of a fan system progradation.
The distal-fan lobe deposits are composed of medium to thick-bedded
classical turbidites (low density turbidite currents) internally organized
in thickening upward cycles too. The proximal, channelized
fan-lobe deposits are formed by amalgamated sandstones and pebbly
sandstones deposited through high density currents.
The entire sequence of the El Priorato Turbidite Complex seems
more likely originated by three well differenciated turbidite systems,
which were probably originated by palaeogeographic changes related
to tectonic and eustatic changes.Peer reviewe
Evolución y caracterÃsticas sedimentológicas de las facies fluviales basales del Buntsandstein de Olesa de Montserrat (Provincia de Barcelona)
[ES] La sección del Buntsandstein de Olesa de Montserrat está constituida en
sus tramos basales por una serie de depósitos generados por corrientes anastomosadas
con un material de lecho progresivamente más fino. Se precisan
las caracterÃsticas peculiares de los depósitos originados por el sistema anastomosado
de lecho arenoso y a la luz de estos datos se realizan algunas consideraciones
sobre el modelo proximal-distal en corrientes anastomosadas.[FR] La coupe du Buntsandstein d’Olesa de Montserrat est constituée, dans sa
partia basale, por un ensamble de dépóts originés par des courants anastomosés
ayee materiel du lit progressivement plus fin. On precise les caractéres
particuliers des dépóts originés par un systéme anastomosé de lit sableaux et,
ayee ces données, on arrive á des considérations génerales sur le modéle
proximal-distal en courants anastomosés.[EN] The lower part of tha Buntsandstein in Olasa de Montserrat is formad by
a set of braidad streams deposits with bed load material fining up progresivaly
in the section. Special features of tbe deposits originated by braided
systems with sandy bed load are precisad, and on the light of thase data, soma
considarations about the proximal-distal modal in braidad streams are pointed
out.Peer reviewe
50 years of research at the Institute of Earth Sciences Jaume Almera
Esta es una obra coral elaborada por el personal del Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra Jaume Almera (ICTJA-CSIC) con la coordinación del Dr. Pere Anadón.El 25 de novembre de 2015 l’Institut de Ciències de la Terra Jaume Almera va celebrar el 50è aniversari. El seu nom recorda els primers temps de la recerca en Geologia de final del segle XIX i principi del XX, en homenatge a Jaume Almera, prohom de la Geologia de Catalunya de projecció internacional. D’ençà els primers dies el 1965 com un nou institut de Geologia a Barcelona, ha evolucionat fins a esdevenir un centre
innovador i dinà mic, amb rellevà ncia internacional en el camp de les Ciències de la Terra. Si bé les Ciències de la Terra estudien el sistema Terra, també van molt més enllà , i plantegen interrogants sobre el món en què vivim per contribuir a un futur en el qual volem viure. Les Ciències de la Terra són avui dia particularment
rellevants en molts aspectes de la nostra vida quotidiana. Els investigadors de l’ICTJA apliquem metodologies experimentals i analÃtiques avançades per assolir objectius ben definits d’investigació orientada i no orientada. Una part clau de la nostra missió és satisfer les necessitats industrials i socials a través de la transferència de coneixements aplicats als riscos geològics i a l’exploració i explotació dels recursos geològics. D’altra banda, és fonamental la nostra implicació en la formacióde qualitat de les properes generacions d’investigadors i tècnics de Ciències de la Terra. En aquest llibre sobre el nostre 50è aniversari, Pere Anadón, amb l’entusiasta participació dels seus companys de treball, revifa les persones,
els esdeveniments, els èxits i els reptes que profusament han enriquit el mig segle d’existència
d’aquest institut des que LluÃs Solé i SabarÃs i els seus col·legues van abordar-ne la fundació. Molts i destacats noms van seguir després la seva tasca en els cinquanta anys que celebrem, orientant l’Institut cap a noves perspectives per adaptar-se a les condicions canviants de la polÃtica, l’economia, la tecnologia i el coneixement cientÃfic, per citar uns pocs exemples de les grans transformacions experimentades durant
aquest perÃode. És una bona oportunitat per als membres de qualsevol institució ser capaços de mirar cap enrere, comprovar els seus èxits i mancances, els seus punts forts i els seus punts febles, durant un perÃode prolongat de temps per trobar nous camins cap a l’èxit. La nostra història és part integrant de la memòria
de tots aquells que van participar amb entusiasme i perseverança en la realització de l’Institut, i van contribuir a la tasca investigadora del CSIC en el seu conjunt. La història de l’ICTJA durant anys, aquest mig segle, és digna de celebració, no només per a l’institut mateix, sinó també per a la societat a la qual serveix.
I seguirà sent aixà mentre es mantingui viva la passió per avançar amb rigor i dedicació en el coneixement de les Ciències de la Terra.El 25 de noviembre de 2015 el Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra Jaume Almera celebró su 50 aniversario. Su nombre recuerda los primeros tiempos de la investigación en GeologÃa a finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX, en homenaje a Jaume Almera, prohombre de la geologÃa de Cataluña de proyección internacional. Desde sus primeros dÃas en 1965 como un nuevo instituto de GeologÃa en Barcelona, ha evolucionado hasta
llegar a ser un centro innovador y dinámico, con relevancia internacional en el campo de las Ciencias
de la Tierra.
Si bien las Ciencias de la Tierra estudian el sistema Tierra, también van mucho más allá, planteándonos
interrogantes sobre el mundo en el que vivimos para contribuir a un futuro en el que queremos vivir. Las Ciencias de la Tierra son hoy en dÃa particularmente relevantes en muchos aspectos de nuestra vida cotidiana. Los investigadores del ICTJA aplicamos metodologÃas experimentales y analÃticas avanzadas para alcanzar objetivos bien definidos de investigación orientada y no orientada.
Una parte clave de nuestra misión es satisfacer las necesidades industriales y sociales a través de la transferencia de conocimientos aplicados a los riesgos geológicos y a la exploración y explotación
de los recursos geológicos. Por otro lado, es fun-damental nuestra implicación en la formación de
calidad de las próximas generaciones de investigadores y técnicos de Ciencias de la Tierra.
En este libro acerca de nuestro 50 aniversario, Pere Anadón con la entusiasta participación de
sus compañeros de trabajo dan vida a las personas, los acontecimientos, los logros y los retos que
profusamente han enriquecido el medio siglo de existencia de este instituto desde que LluÃs Solé
i SabarÃs y sus colegas abordaron su fundación. Muchos y destacados nombres siguieron después
su labor en los cincuenta años que celebramos, orientando el Instituto hacia nuevas perspectivas
para adaptarse a las condiciones cambiantes de la polÃtica, la economÃa, la tecnologÃa y el conocimiento
cientÃfico, por citar unos pocos ejemplos de las grandes transformaciones experimentadas
durante este perÃodo. Es una buena oportunidad para los miembros de cualquier institución ser capaces
de mirar hacia atrás, comprobar sus logros y carencias, sus puntos fuertes y sus puntos débiles,
durante un perÃodo prolongado de tiempo para encontrar
nuevos caminos hacia el éxito.
Nuestra historia es parte integrante de la memoria
de todos aquellos que participaron con entusiasmo
y perseverancia en la realización del Instituto
contribuyendo asà a la labor investigadora del CSIC
en su conjunto. La historia del ICTJA durante este
medio siglo es digna de celebración, no sólo por el
propio instituto, sino también por la sociedad a la
que sirve. Y seguirá siendo asà mientras se mantenga
viva la pasión por avanzar con rigor y dedicación
en el conocimiento de las Ciencias de la Tierra.On November 25, 2015, the Institute of Earth Sciences Jaume Almera celebrated its 50th
anniversary. Its name recalls the early days of research in Geology in the late nineteenth century
and early twentieth century, paying tribute to Jaume Almera, an expert in the geology of
Catalonia with international renown. From its earliest days in 1965 as a new Geology institute
in Barcelona, it has evolved to become an innovative and dynamic centre, with international
relevance in the field of Earth Sciences.
Earth Sciences study the Earth’s system, but they are about much more than that. They engage
intellectual inquiry through interrogating the world in which we live to contribute to a future in which we want to live. Earth Sciences are particularly relevant today in many aspects of our everyday life. ICTJA researchers look forward to applying advanced experimental and analytical methodologies to well-defined,
knowledge-driven research objectives. A key part of our mission is to meet industrial and societal
needs through knowledge transfer applied to geohazards and exploration and exploitation
of geological resources. Central to our mission is quality training of the next generation of researchers
and technicians In this book about our 50th anniversary, Pere Anadón and his enthusiastic co-workers have
brought to life the personalities, the events, the achievements and the challenges that have so
richly populated the half-century since LluÃs Solé i SabarÃs and his colleagues started their work.
Many notable names followed them, moving the Institute forward to adapt to the changing conditions of politics, economy, technology and scientific knowledge, to mention but a few examples of the transformations experienced during this period. It is a good opportunity for the members of any institution to be able to look
back upon its achievements and its failures, its strengths and its weaknesses, to find new pathways
to success.
Our history is of all those who helped to establish the Institute with enthusiasm and perseverance,
contributing to the research work of CSIC as a whole. ICTJA history over the last fifty years
is worthy of celebration, not only by the Institute itself, but also by the society it serves. The
ICTJA will continue to keep alive our passion for advancing knowledge of Earth Sciences with
rigor and dedication.Peer reviewe
Unidades evaporÃticas de la zona de Libros-Cascante (Mioceno, Cuenca de Teruel): CaracterÃsticas estratigráficas y sedimentológicas
[ES] Las diversas unidades evaporÃticas del Mioceno de la zonade Libros-Cascante
(Fosa de Teruel) tienen extensión geográfica y potencia muy variables
y constituyen tanto amplios cuerpos centrales (ej. Yesos de las Minas de Libros-
Cascante) como pequeñas unidades de borde de cuenca, muy localizadas
(ej. Yesos de Cubla). Las evaporitas consisten en diversas litofacies de yeso
primario, principalmente yesos microlenticulares bioturbados y yesos laminados.
Asociadas a las litofacies de yeso se presentan lutitas rojas, verdes o
negruzcas y calizas formadas principalmente por acumulaciones de carófitas
y gasterópodos. De un modo global, las unidades yesÃferas diferenciadas dan
muestras de una gradación progresiva de litofacies y de litologÃas asociadas,
en función de la profundidad del medio deposicional, que reflejan los siguientes
ambientes: 1) Zonas de encharcamiento y palustres, instaJadas episódicamente
sobre llanuras de lutitas. Se caracterizan por depósitos de yesos microlenticulares
bioturbados. Los Yesos de El Campo (Aragoniense inferior) y los
Yesos de Cubla (Turoliense superior) están formados exclusivamente por estas
litofacies. 2) Zonas lacustres someras, con márgenes palustres bien definidos
(litofacies masivas bioturbadas) y centros someros litofacies yesÃferas
laminadas y niveles de calizas de cairófitas y gasterópodos); se desarrolla una
ciclicidad en función de las oscilaciones de la lámina de agua por inundacióndesecación.
Los ciclos pueden estar compuestos por: lutitas, yesos bioturbados
o yesos laminados. Estos ambientes y litofacies están bien caracterizados
en los Yesos de El Morrón (Aragoniense inferior>. 3) Lagos más profundos dominados por las litofacies yesÃferas laminadas de grano muy fino y pizarras
bituminosas propias de fondos anóxicos, en las que se ha producido sulfatoreducción
bacterial. En las zonas marginales se encuentran litofacies y ciclos
como los señalados en las zonas 1 y 2. Los Yesos de las Minas de Libros-Cascante
son los representantes de estos ambientes y litofacies. Las caracterÃsticas
sedimentológicas de los yesos y litofacies asociadas, asà como la ausencia
de cloruros, sulfatos sódicos y facies anhidritizadas indican una baja concentración
de las aguas de los ambientes lacustres.[EN] The Miocene evaporite units iii the Teruel Graben (Libros-Cascante area)
are variable both in thickness and areal extent. The evaporite units form large
basinal bodies (eg., Minas de Libros-Cascante Gy~sum) or small, marginal
units (cg., Cubla Gypsum). The evaporites consist of diverse primary microlenticular
gypsum iithofacies, main«Ty bioturbated gypsum and laminated
gypsum. Sedimcnts associated with gypsum layers are red or drab mudstones,
or bioclastie limestones. The diverse units show a progressive gradation
in gypsum lithofacies aud associated deposits wbich reflect different environments
and depths: 1) Palustrmne and very shallow ponds in mud flats. Sedimentary
components are 1)ioturbated microlenticular gypsum and mudstones.
The El Campo Gypsum (lower Aragonian) and Cubla Gypsum (upper
Turolian) are exclusively formed by these lithofacies; 2) Shallow lacustrine
systems with palustrine, well-defined margins (ma~sive bioturbated lithofacies)
aud shallow central arcas where laminated gypsum and fossiliferous carbonates
were deposited. Cyclicity occurred in response to laike-level oscillations.
The cycles comprise mudstones, bioturbated gypsum or laminated
gypsum. El Morrón Gypsum is representative of these lithofacies and environments;
3) l)ecp, permanent lakes, in which accumulated laminated
gypsum and oil shalesunder anoxie bottom conditions. Bacterial sulphate reduction
also occurred in these sediments. Gypsum Iithofacies and cyeles similar
to those formed in environments 1 and 2 occur in the marginal zones of
tbis system (e.g., Minas de Libros-Cascante Gypsum). The sedimentary features
of the gypsum and associated deposits, as well as the absence of chlorides,
Na-sulphates and anhydritized facies, indicate a relatively low-concentration
in the original brines or lake waters.Este trabajo ha sido realizado en el marco de los proyectos DG1CYT PIAOO-0O80 y PB90-
0485.Peer reviewe
Biozonacion del Paleogeno continental de la zona oriental de la Cuenca del Ebro mediante carofitas: implicacions en la biozonacion general de carofitas de Europa occidental
A charophyte biozonation of the Paleogene (Thanetian-Chattian) sequences of the Eastern Ebro Basin (NE Spain) is proposed. This biozonation has been based on an intensive sampling carried out on well correlated sections which included, in some cases, fossil mammal localities. Bothfacts haveresultedin agood chronostratigraphic control of the biozonation. One of the most noticeable contributions from this local point of view is the characterization of the Ilerdian in the continental Ebro Basin sequences by the Maedleriella lavocati biozone. Although in afirst approach this biozonation is intended to be local the new data in the Eastern Ebro Basin have enlarged the ranges of some widespread charophyte index species. These changes in the charophyte sp&ies ranges has led to suggest some remarkable modifications of the preexistin~ Riveline' s (1986) charophyte biozonationfor western Europe: 1) TheN. (T. ) thaleri biozone siaried in the Ilerdian and not in the Cuisian. 2) The definition of new Late Eocene (S. labellata) and Late Oligocene (H. lagenalis) biozones. 3) The enlargement of the range of severa1 species which has resulted in suppressionof the Chara notata biozone and in redefinition of Chara microcera, St. pinguis, St. vectensis and Sr. berdotensis biozones. From apaleogeographic point of view the global percentages of pluricontinental, european and iberian species of the Paleogene Eastern Ebro Basin charophyte record suggest some kind of isolation of the charophyte populations in NE Iberia. This isolation could be enhanced by paleogeographic constraints during Bartonian and Latest Priabonian to Stampian transition.Peer Reviewe
Opaline chert nodules in maar lake sediments from Camp dels Ninots (La Selva Basin, NE Spain)
Chert nodule samples from three different well cores (CC, CP1 & CA) from the lacustrine infill of the Camp dels Ninot maar-diatreme (La Selva Basin) have been studied by means of X-ray diffraction, and optical and electron microscope technique. The chert nodules replace diatomites and carbonates layers, and varies in mineralogy between opal-A to opal-A/CT. The microtexture of the opal-A rich nodules is characterized by smooth microspheres of ~2μm in diameter that forms aggregates of amalgamated microspheres. Commonly, the nodules contain diatoms and their moulds when replacing diatomites, and dolomite or ankerite crystals and their moulds when replacing carbonates. The opal-A/CT rich nodules exhibit a microtexture consisting of microspheres of ~8μm in diameter that form aggregates with botryoidal and finger-like morphologies. Results indicate that the early diagenetic transformation of opal-A to
opal-CT is not complete in the studied sediments.Peer Reviewe
Reconstructing carotenoid-based and structural coloration in fossil skin
Evidence of original coloration in fossils provides insights into the visual communication strategies used by ancient animals and the functional evolution of coloration over time [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]. Hitherto, all reconstructions of the colors of reptile integument and the plumage of fossil birds and feathered dinosaurs have been of melanin-based coloration [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]. Extant animals also use other mechanisms for producing color [8], but these have not been identified in fossils. Here we report the first examples of carotenoid-based coloration in the fossil record, and of structural coloration in fossil integument. The fossil skin, from a 10 million-year-old colubrid snake from the Late Miocene Libros Lagerstätte (Teruel, Spain) [9, 10], preserves dermal pigment cells (chromatophores)—xanthophores, iridophores, and melanophores—in calcium phosphate. Comparison with chromatophore abundance and position in extant reptiles [11, 12, 13, 14, 15] indicates that the fossil snake was pale-colored in ventral regions; dorsal and lateral regions were green with brown-black and yellow-green transverse blotches. Such coloration most likely functioned in substrate matching and intraspecific signaling. Skin replicated in authigenic minerals is not uncommon in exceptionally preserved fossils [16, 17], and dermal pigment cells generate coloration in numerous reptile, amphibian, and fish taxa today [18]. Our discovery thus represents a new means by which to reconstruct the original coloration of exceptionally preserved fossil vertebrates
Reconstructing Carotenoid-Based and Structural Coloration in Fossil Skin
Evidence of original coloration in fossils provides insights into the visual communication strategies used by ancient animals and the functional evolution of coloration over time [1-7]. Hitherto, all reconstructions of the colors of reptile integument and the plumage of fossil birds and feathered dinosaurs have been of melanin-based coloration [1-6]. Extant animals also use other mechanisms for producing color [8], but these have not been identified in fossils. Here we report the first examples of carotenoid-based coloration in the fossil record, and of structural coloration in fossil integument. The fossil skin, from a 10 million-year-old colubrid snake from the Late Miocene Libros Lagerstätte (Teruel, Spain) [9, 10], preserves dermal pigment cells (chromatophores) - xanthophores, iridophores, and melanophores - in calcium phosphate. Comparison with chromatophore abundance and position in extant reptiles [11-15] indicates that the fossil snake was pale-colored in ventral regions; dorsal and lateral regions were green with brown-black and yellow-green transverse blotches. Such coloration most likely functioned in substrate matching and intraspecific signaling. Skin replicated in authigenic minerals is not uncommon in exceptionally preserved fossils [16, 17], and dermal pigment cells generate coloration in numerous reptile, amphibian, and fish taxa today [18]. Our discovery thus represents a new means by which to reconstruct the original coloration of exceptionally preserved fossil vertebrates.This research was funded by Enterprise Ireland Basic Research Grant C/2002/138 awarded to P.J.O. and by an IRCSET-Marie Curie International Mobility Fellowship and Marie Curie Career Integration Grant 618598 awarded to M.E.M.Peer Reviewe
Borehole image techniques applied to identification of chert and dolomite layers in lacustrine sediments
Geophysical logging tools, particularly ultrasonic acoustic borehole image techniques, are applied on two different wells (CP1 and CP2) to identify and characterize the lacustrine interval (40m) of the Camp dels Ninots maardiatreme infill (Pliocene, Catalan Coastal Ranges). The CP1 well was cored and also geophysical logs and oriented borehole images were acquired. CP2 hole was partially cored but logging (geophysics and borehole images) was fully undertaken. Continuous core recovery in CP1 is compared with oriented images and is further used to identify and characterize highly reflective signals in a section of CP2 borehole that was not cored. These signals are related to silicified zones and belong to discontinuous centimetric chert nodules, while indurated massive carbonates are characterized as intervals of continuous reflectance. Despite opal nodules (chert) can be relatively small, they have a
distinctive response in the ultrasonic borehole images.Peer Reviewe
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