The Mercedes water Cherenkov detector

The concept of a small, single-layer water Cherenkov detector,with three photomultiplier tubes (PMTs), placed at its bottom in a 120◦ star configuration (Mercedes Water Cherenkov Detector) is presented. The PMTs are placed near the lateral walls of the stations with an adjustable inclination and may be installed inside or outside the water volume. To illustrate the technical viability of this concept and obtain a first-order estimation of its cost, an engineering designwas elaborated. The sensitivity of these stations to low energy Extensive Air Shower (EAS) electrons, photons and muons is discussed, both in compact and sparse array configurations. It is shown that the analysis of the intensity and time patterns of the PMT signals, using machine learning techniques, enables the tagging of muons, achieving an excellent gamma/hadron discrimination for TeV showers. This concept minimises the station production and maintenance costs, allowing for a highly flexible and fast installation. Mercedes Water Cherenkov Detectors (WCDs) are thus well-suited for use in high-altitude large gamma-ray observatories covering an extended energy range from the low energies, closing the gap between satellite and ground-based measurements, to very high energy regions, beyond the PeV scale.Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology PTDC/FISPAR/4300/2020 DL57/2016/cP1330/cT0002MEYS of the Czech Republic LTT 20002Fundacao Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio De Janeiro (FAPERJ) 211.342/2021Portuguese Foundation for Science and TechnologyEuropean Commission PRT/BD/151553/202

O Word: Why the Focus on Obesity is Harmful to Community Health

Focusing on the obese and overweight individual alone and is not helping us address the broader social and economic issues that influence people’s lives. This paper discusses strategies to remove us from a focus on the O word and from blaming the individual for their condition

The mean curvature flow on solvmanifolds

This work is a survey of the most relevant background material to motivate and understand the construction and classification of translating solutions to mean curvature flow on a family of solvmanifolds. We introduce the mean curvature flow and some known results in the field. In particular we explore the notion of translating solution in the Euclidean space and extensions into other Riemannian manifolds. We also include a discussion on solvmanifolds and some elements of its geometry that are relevant to our work. We finish by posing the equations that describe translating solutions to mean curvature flow on our family of 3-dimensional solvmanifolds with some additional assumptions. This project emerged at the ``Latin American and Caribbean Workshop on Mathematics and Gender'' held at Casa Matem\'atica Oaxaca (CMO) from May 15-20, 2022.Comment: In v2 we clarified that this manuscript is a survey paper and in particular added section

Quantitative John–Nirenberg inequalities at different scales

Given a family Z = { · Z Q } of norms or quasi-norms with uniformly bounded triangle inequality constants, where each Q is a cube in Rn, we provide an abstract estimate of the form f − fQ,μZ Q ≤ c(μ)ψ(Z) f BMO(dμ) for every function f ∈ BMO(dμ), where μ is a doubling measure in Rn and c(μ) and ψ(Z) are positive constants depending on μ and Z, respectively. That abstract scheme allows us to recover the sharp estimate f − fQ,μL p Q, dμ(x) μ(Q) ≤ c(μ)p f BMO(dμ), p ≥ 1 for every cube Q and every f ∈ BMO(dμ), which is known to be equivalent to the John–Nirenberg inequality, and also enables us to obtain quantitative counterparts when L p is replaced by suitable strong and weak Orlicz spaces and L p(·) spaces. Besides the aforementioned results we also generalize [(Ombrosi in Isr J Math 238:571-591, 2020), Theorem 1.2] to the setting of doubling measures and obtain a new characterization of Muckenhoupt’s A∞ weightsJ. C. M.-P. is supported by the Basque Government through the BERC 2018-2021 program and by Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities through BCAM Severo Ochoa accreditation SEV-2017-0718. He is also supported by MINECO through the MTM2017-82160-C2-1-P project funded by (AEI/FEDER, UE), acronym “HAQMEC”, through ”la Caixa” Grant, and through the MATHROCKS project, funded by European Commission with Grant Agreement Number 777778 (H2020- MSCA-RISE-2017). He is also grateful to the people of the Universidad de Buenos Aires and the Universidad Nacional del Sur for their hospitality during his visit to Argentina in 2019. E.R. is partially supported by Grants UBACyT 20020170200057BA and PIP (CONICET) 11220110101018. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant agreement No 777822. I.P.R.-R. is partially supported by Grants PICT 2018-02501 and PICT 2019-00018 (Agencia I+D+i) and by Grant UMA18-FEDERJA-002 (FEDER). Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málaga / CBU

Alexandrov spaces with integral current structure

We endow each closed, orientable Alexandrov space $(X, d)$ with an integral current $T$ of weight equal to 1, $\partial T = 0 and \set(T) = X$, in other words, we prove that $(X, d, T)$ is an integral current space with no boundary. Combining this result with a result of Li and Perales, we show that non-collapsing sequences of these spaces with uniform lower curvature and diameter bounds admit subsequences whose Gromov-Hausdorff and intrinsic flat limits agree

On the pitfalls of conceptualizing excessive physical exercise as an addictive disorder: Commentary on Dinardi et al. (2021).

This commentary challenges some of the proposals made in the opinion paper entitled "The expanded interactional model of exercise addiction" by Dinardi, Egorov, and Szabo (2021). We first question the usefulness of the (expanded) interactional model of exercise addiction to determine the psychological processes underlying distress and functional impairment in excessive physical exercise. We then consider the authors' use of the Self-Determination Theory to model exercise addiction, which risks the misclassification of strenuous, but adaptive, patterns of physical exercise as exercise addiction. We finally address broader concerns regarding the idea that maladaptive exercising could be conceptualized as an addictive disorder

Analysis of energy poverty intensity from the perspective of the regional administration: Empirical evidence from households in southern Europe

The current economic situation has increased the number of households in Europe experiencing restrictions and/or limitations of affordability of energy services, demonstrating the urgent need to intervene in those extreme cases in which households suffer the daily consequences of what is internationally defined as energy poverty. In such a context, this paper presents the results obtained in a case study characterising a sample of 615 households with demonstrated energy poverty in the region of Aragón (Spain). In parallel, the intensity of energy poverty in the studied cases is examined by measuring the percentage of energy expenditures with respect to income in the households that suffer it, and a descriptive analysis of the main determinants of energy poverty in the homes studied is presented as well as the policy implication at regional level

A mathematical programming tool for an efficient decision-making on teaching assignment under non-regular time schedules

[EN] In this paper, an optimization tool based on a MILP model to support the teaching assignment process is proposed. It considers not only hierarchical issues among lecturers but also their preferences to teach a particular subject, the non-regular time schedules throughout the academic year, different type of credits, number of groups and other specific characteristics. Besides, it adds restrictions based on the time compatibility among the different subjects, the lecturers' availability, the maximum number of subjects per lecturer, the maximum number of lecturers per subject as well as the maximum and minimum saturation level for each lecturer, all of them in order to increase the teaching quality. Schedules heterogeneity and other features regarding the operation of some universities justify the usefulness of this model since no study that deals with all of them has been found in the literature review. Model validation has been performed with two real data sets collected from one academic year schedule at the Spanish University Universitat Politecnica de Valencia.Solano Cutillas, P.; Pérez Perales, D.; Alemany Díaz, MDM. (2022). A mathematical programming tool for an efficient decision-making on teaching assignment under non-regular time schedules. Operational Research. 22(3):2899-2942. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12351-021-00638-12899294222