Progress towards the preparation of Polyfunctional Polyenes

Chapter 1: Metathesis 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Results and Discussion 1.3 Conclusion and Future work 1.4 References Chapter 2: Gold 1 NHC Catalysis 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Results and Discussion 2.3 Conclusion 2.4 References Chapter 3: Synthesis of NHC based on Deoxyribose Scaffold 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Results and Discussion 3.3 Conclusion and Future work 3.4 References Conclusion Experimental Section General Experimental details Experimental for Chapter 2 Experimental for Chapter 3 Appendix-NMR spectra NMR spectra for Chapter 2 NMR spectra for Chapter

Role of anterior segment optical coherence tomography in scleral diseases: A review

Background: Scleritis and episcleritis are an overlapping spectrum of diseases and accurate diagnosis is of utmost importance as the treatment and prognosis are vastly different. Predominantly a clinical diagnosis, the challenge lies in those cases with equivocal clinical features. Furthermore, clinical grading of scleritis is subjective and hence is neither very reliable nor reproducible. Existing modalities such as slit lamp examination and clinical photographs in scleritis describe macroanatomy but do not provide details on the microanatomy of the sclera. A recent adjusted algorithm for anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) imaging has improved the ability of this device to aid in the diagnosis of all the major forms of scleritis.Purpose: To highlight the role of AS-OCT in delineating various anatomical forms of episcleritis and scleritis and explore this tool in monitoring disease course and response to therapy.Methods: A comprehensive literature search was carried out in various medical databases using keywords AS-OCT and scleritis; AS-OCT and episcleritis; anterior segment imaging in scleritis; scleritis and episcleritis; Recent advances in anterior segment imaging. Original articles and novel reports describing the potential role of AS-OCT in the diagnosis and management of scleritis and episcleritis were included. Results: After a thorough assessment, it was clear that published literature lacks guidelines for uniform interpretation and also for classification and follow-up in scleritis. We describe a uniform protocol for AS-OCT image acquisition, interpretation of images and list the advantages and limitations. Conclusions: AS-OCT can be used to localize the level of scleral inflammation thus helping in the diagnosis of scleral inflammatory disease. It can be a valuable tool in studying progression.THIS DATASET IS ARCHIVED AT DANS/EASY, BUT NOT ACCESSIBLE HERE. TO VIEW A LIST OF FILES AND ACCESS THE FILES IN THIS DATASET CLICK ON THE DOI-LINK ABOV

Predictors of severity in COVID-19

Background: In the context of home monitoring of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 disease (COVID-19) patients, it is imperative to evaluate the accuracy of finger pulse oximetry oxygen saturation (SpO2) in the assessment of hypoxia. Methods: Retrospective data analysis was performed on (n = 132) hospitalised COVID-19 patients with various levels of severity, in whom SpO2, haematological, biochemical and arterial blood gas (ABG) parameters were measured within 48 h after admission. Discrepancy between SpO2 and arterial blood oxygen saturation SaO2 was compared between mild, moderate and severe COVID-19 to assess the accuracy of finger pulse oximetry. Results: We found that total white blood cell count, neutrophil %, neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio, platelet–lymphocyte ratio, ferritin, C-reactive protein and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were significantly increased in severe COVID-19, while lymphocyte % was significantly less when compared to mild and moderate cases. Multivariable analysis suggested that red cell distribution width (RDW) and LDH together account for significant variance in the severity of disease. The SpO2 and SaO2 were significantly less in the severe group. The difference between SpO2 and SaO2 has a clinically meaningful albeit statistically nonsignificant trend with the discrepancy greater in severe COVID-19 cases when compared to mild and moderate cases. Conclusions: Finger pulse oximetry has the potential to underestimate the severity of hypoxia in severe COVID-19 and this has implications in the decision to start oxygen therapy. RDW and LDH constitute the best parsimonious set of variables to predict severity

Crystal Engineering Approach to Generate Crystalline Inclusion Compounds in Which 5‑Hydroxyisophthalic Acid Serves as a Host

A series of seven crystalline inclusion compounds (CICs) in which 5-hydroxyisophthalic acid (HPA) serves as a host has been isolated. HPA self-assembles to consistently form 2-D hydrogen bonded networks with distorted honeycomb (<b>hcb</b>) topology when crystallized in the presence of guest molecules that contain a carbonyl moiety. In each of the seven structures, the <b>hcb</b> networks formed by HPA contain a phenolic OH group that is exposed to the walls of channels formed by stacking of the <b>hcb</b> networks. These phenolic moieties interact with the carbonyl group of guest molecules via OH (phenol)···O (carbonyl) hydrogen bonding. The consistency of the crystal packing herein is in contrast to the promiscuity in previously reported HPA crystal structures and suggests that HPA can serve as a host for a wide range of guests

Catalyst-free synthesis of amines from cyclic ketones and formamides in superheated water

<p>A novel and environmentally benign protocol for the synthesis of amines from cyclic ketones and formamides is demonstrated. The reaction proceeds under catalyst-free and superheated water conditions and yields range from poor to excellent.</p

Regio- and stereoselective co-iodination of olefins using NH₄I and Oxone

<p>A simple, efficient, and environmentally benign protocol for the synthesis of vicinal iodohydrins and iodoesters from olefins using NH₄I and Oxone in CH₃CN/H₂O (1:1) and dimethylformamide (DMF) / dimethylacetamide (DMA), respectively, without employing a catalyst at room temperature is described. Regio- and stereoselective iodohydroxylation and iodoesterification of various olefins with <i>anti</i> fashion, following Markonikov’s rule, was achieved and the corresponding products were obtained in good to excellent yields. In addition, 1,2-disubstituted olefins afforded excellent diastereoselectivity.</p