Le relazioni sino-russe e il caso dell'Organizzazione per la cooperazione di Shangai

In uno scenario internazionale in cui le risorse di potere a disposizione dei vari attori sono in via di definizione e dove le dinamiche economiche paiono prevalere nel ridisegnare nuovi scenari ed equilibri, sia la Russia che la Cina si sono affermate come potenze centrali. La Cina, seppure contagiata dalla crisi ha saputo reagire e tornare a crescere in maniera più consistente e più celermente dei paesi del G-8 o degli altri BRIC e si consolida come la terza più grande economia del mondo

Redox chemistry of gold in a Au/FeOx/CeO2 CO oxidation catalyst

Calcination and evacuation of a Au/FeOx/CeO2 catalyst at 573 K leads to reduction of the deposited gold to metal. This metal state is stable under oxygen and only at 573 K some metal atoms are oxidized to Auδ+ sites (Au+ cations situated on metal gold particles). However, even at room temperature, gold is readily oxidized in a CO + O2 mixture producing, in addition to the Auδ+ sites, some isolated Au+ cations.Proyecto bilateral España - Bulgaria CSIC/BAS (2004BG001)Apoyo de la Junta de Andalucía al grupo TEP106Bulgarian Scientific Foundation - Project VUX-303Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia a través del contrato Juan de la Cierva de Anna Dimitrova Penkov

Предбудущее в деловом языке Великого княжества Литовского

The paper deals with the semantics and the distribution of the future anterior in the 14th‒16th century official writing of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The paper focuses on the construction which comprises a perfective present form of the auxiliary be (bud-) and an l-participle. The paper takes into consideration data from more than  900 charters as well as from the Lithuanian Statute of 1588. The author claims that the future anterior in official Ruthenian is licensed by contexts with suspended assertion (conditional, disjunction, indirect question, propositional predicate, etc.). In most other cases, it is powered by iterative, habitual, or experiencer meanings, or by the multiplicity of the objects involved in the situation. In some contexts, the use of the future anterior is defined exclusively by syntactic rules, i. e., the use in the dependent clause. In this respect, the future anterior is similar to the French subjunctive and the Latin conjunctive at their later stages of grammaticalization. The future anterior in official Ruthenian may also acquire a particular discourse function, i. e., undergo pragmaticalization, which results in the ability of the future anterior to mark an indirect speech act of disproof or cancellation of what was evidenced by the opponent. Ruthenian turns out to be a unique language across Slavic and SAE to feature a widely used dubitative future anterior. DOI: 10.31168/2305-6754.2020.9.2.8Настоящая работа посвящена семантике и дистрибуции форм предбудущего времени в деловом языке Великого княжества Литовского XIV‒XVI вв. В центре внимания — конструкция, состоящая из презенса вспомогательного глагола от основы буд- и л-причастия (буду + л-причастие). Работа выполнена на материале Литовского Статута 1588 г. и более чем 900 грамот и судных дел Великого княжества Литовского. Автор показывает, что в деловом западнорусском языке предбудущее лицензируется контекстами со снятой утвердительностью (условный протасис, дизъюнкция, косвенный вопрос, предикат пропозициональной установки и др.). Во многих случаях возможность употребления предбудущего определяется также итеративным, хабитуальным, экспериенциальным значениями или множественностью объектов-участников ситуации. В некоторых контекстах предбудущее может быть объяснено исключительно синтаксическими правилами, а именно, его употребление вызвано не чем иным, как зависимым характером клаузы. Такая особенность сближает предбудущее с французским или латинским конъюнктивом на поздних стадиях грамматикализации этих наклонений. Предбудущее в деловом языке Великого княжества Литовского также может иметь дискурсивные употребления, т. е. подвергаться прагматикализации. В этом случае эта конструкция превращается в показатель косвенного речевого акта, используемого говорящим для опровержения свидетельства его оппонента. Западнорусский оказывается языком с широким употреблением такого дубитативного предбудущего, что делает его уникальным на славянском и общеевропейском фоне. DOI: 10.31168/2305-6754.2020.9.2.

The potential of foreign language training for developing soft skills of medical students

Foreign language training has a humanitarian and educational potential for developing soft skills. There is a need for the realization of this potential in a medical university environment. The implementation of the linguistic educational system and new forms of educational activity are required to fulfill this potentialИзучение иностранного языка имеет гуманитарный и образовательный потенциал для формирования soft skills. Существует необходимость для реализации этого потенциала в конкретных условиях медицинского вуза. Для полноценной и качественной реализации требуется создание системы лингвистического образования и новых форм образовательной деятельности

The Research Activity in the Foreign Languages Training of Medical Students

В статье рассматриваются возможности учебной дисциплины «Иностранный язык» в медицинском вузе по формированию умений и навыков учебно-исследовательской работы и развитию научно-исследовательской компетенции будущих врачей.The article describes the opportunities of foreign language training at the medical university in skill building of research activity and development of scientific research competency of future doctors

(μ-3-Acetyl-5-carboxyl­ato-4-methyl­pyrazolido-1:2κ4 N 2,O 3:N 1,O 5)-μ-chlorido-tetra­pyridine-1κ2 N,2κ2 N-chlorido-1κCl-dicopper(II) propan-2-ol solvate

The title compound, [Cu2(C7H6N2O3)Cl2(C5H5N)4]·C3H8O, is a binuclear pyrazolate complex, in which the two CuII atoms have different coordination numbers and are connected by a bridging Cl atom. One CuII atom has a distorted square-pyramidal coordination environment formed by two pyridine N atoms, one bridging Cl atom and an N,O-chelating pyrazolate ligand. The other CuII atom adopts an octa­hedral geometry defined by two pyridine N atoms at the axial positions, two Cl atoms and the coordinated pyrazolate ligand in the equatorial plane. An O—H⋯O hydrogen bond connects the complex mol­ecules and propan-2-ol solvent mol­ecules into pairs. These pairs form columns along the a axis

Exhaled air analysis using wideband wave number tuning range infrared laser photoacoustic spectroscopy

The infrared laser photoacoustic spectroscopy (LPAS) and the pattern-recognition-based approach for noninvasive express diagnostics of pulmonary diseases on the basis of absorption spectra analysis of the patient’s exhaled air are presented. The study involved lung cancer patients ( N = 9 ), patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( N = 12 ), and a control group of healthy, nonsmoking volunteers ( N = 11 ). The analysis of the measured absorption spectra was based at first on reduction of the dimension of the feature space using principal component analysis; thereafter, the dichotomous classification was carried out using the support vector machine. The gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method (GC–MS) was used as the reference. The estimated mean value of the sensitivity of exhaled air sample analysis by the LPAS in dichotomous classification was not less than 90% and specificity was not less than 69%; the analogous results of analysis by GC–MS were 68% and 60%, respectively. Also, the approach to differential diagnostics based on the set of SVM classifiers usage is presented

Investigation of new modification strategies for PVA membranes to improve their dehydration properties by pervaporation

International audienceNovel supported membranes based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were developed using two strategies: first, by the modification of the PVA network, via so-called bulk modification, with the formation of the selective layer accomplished through the introduction of fullerenol and/or poly(allylamine hydrochloride), and second, by the functionalization of the surface with successive depositions of multilayered films of polyelectrolytes, such as poly(allylamine hydrochloride) and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) on the PVA surface. The membrane surface modifications were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and contact angle measurements. The modified PVA membranes were examined for their dehydration transport properties by the perva-poration of isopropyl alcohol-water (80/20% w/w), which was chosen as a model mixture. Compared with the pristine PVA membrane, the main improvement was a marked increase in permeance. It was found that the surface modifications mainly gave rise to a higher global flux but with a strong reduction in selectivity. Only the combination of both bulk and surface modifications with PEL could significantly increase the flux with a high water content in the permeate (over 98%). Lastly, it should be noted that this study developed a green procedure to prepare innovative membrane layers for dehydration, making use of only water as a working medium

Analysis of the history and culture of 19th century England in health proverbs

The aim of study – to analyze proverbs from England in the 19th century, find an analogue in the Russian language and find out the historical and cultural significance.Цель исследования – анализ английских пословиц о здоровье, поиск аналогов в русском языке и объяснение их исторического и культурного значения

Strong environment X genotype interactions determine the fitness costs of antibiotic resistance in vitro and in an insect model of infection (article)

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from the American Society for Microbiology via the DOI in this record.The dataset associated with this article is located in ORE at: https://doi.org/10.24378/exe.2503The acquisition of antibiotic resistance commonly imposes fitness costs, a reduction in the fitness of bacteria in the absence of drugs. These costs have been primarily quantified using in vitro experiments and a small number of in vivo studies in mice, and it is commonly assumed that these diverse methods are consistent. Here, we used an insect model of infection to compare the fitness costs of antibiotic resistance in vivo relative to in vitro conditions. Experiments explored diverse mechanisms of resistance in a Gram-positive pathogen, Bacillus thuringiensis, and a Gram-negative intestinal symbiont, Enterobacter cloacae. Rifampicin resistance in B. thuringiensis showed fitness costs that were typically elevated in vivo, although these were modulated by genotype-environment interactions. In contrast, resistance to cefotaxime via de-repression of AmpC β-lactamase in E. cloacae resulted in undetectable costs in vivo or in vitro, while spontaneous resistance to nalidixic acid, and carriage of the IncP plasmid RP4, imposed costs that increased in vivo. Overall, fitness costs in vitro were a poor predictor of fitness costs in vivo because of strong genotype environment interactions throughout this study. Insect infections provide a cheap and accessible means of assessing fitness consequences of resistance mutations, data that is important to understand the evolution and spread of resistance. This study emphasizes that the fitness costs imposed by particular mutations or different modes of resistance are extremely variable, and that only a subset of these mutations are likely to be prevalent outside of the laboratory.Medical Research Council (MRC