Trends in frequency and prevalence of oral cancer and oral squamous cell carcinoma in mexicans. A 20 years retrospective study

Objective. To establish the time trends of the frequency and prevalence of oral cavity cancer in regard to age and gender in a 20-years (time period 1989 ? 2008) cohort of Mexicans. Design and Setting. 13,235 head and neck biopsies from the archive of the Oral Pathology Laboratory, Dental School, National Autonomous University of Mexico were revised. The cases with diagnoses of oral cancer were selected. Gender and age at diagnosis was obtained from medical records. The frequency and prevalence of oral cavity cancer and oral squamous cell carcinoma were assessed biannually in regard to the total number of population served by the oral pathology laboratory. The statistical significance of trends was established using the linear logistic regression (curve estimation) test (s 0.05). Results. 298 cases (138 males; 160 females) of oral cancer were included; 167 (92 females; 75 males; female:male ratio: 1.1:1) corresponded to oral squamous cell carcinoma. From 1989 to 2008 the prevalence of oral cancer and oral squamous cell carcinoma increased 200% (s 0.05) and 100% (s 0.000) respectively. The increase of frequency and prevalence was observed in both genders however only in females was significant (s 0.000). We do not identify changes in the age at diagnosis. Conclusions. Oral cancer, specifically oral squamous cell carcinoma, has increase in Mexicans females in the last 20 years

Determining Sex in Golden Eagle (AQUILA CHRYSAETOS) Nestling

Incorporating sex ratios of nestlings into population viability studies increases knowledge of overall health of endangered populations. Currently, a reliable non-invasive method to identify the sex of golden eagle nestlings is not available; however, claims are commonly made based on morphology. Ten biometric measurements from 43 Scottish golden eagles aged 2–7.5 weeks were assessed to see if sex could actually be determined using this non-invasive methodology. Sex was confirmed via molecular analysis of blood samples. Discrete and principal component analyses of the different biometrics could not correctly determine individual nestling sex. Therefore, despite being more invasive, molecular sexing remains the recommended tool of choice for accurate sex identification of Scottish golden eagle nestlings younger than 7.5 weeks of age. This has important implications for golden eagle field studies where empirical morphological measurements are frequently and typically taken, but we have shown are not reliable in determining the sex of such young nestlings

La teoría marxista de la dependencia tecnológica

El objeto de estudio del trabajo que se presenta son los procesos de formación y la evolución de la dependencia tecnológica de los países subdesarrollados,1 desde una perspectiva marxista. Se intenta dar respuesta a las preguntas que surgen de los problemas actuales derivados del papel que ejerce el factor científico-técnico, entendido como una de las principales palancas para alcanzar los umbrales del progreso social. El trabajo finaliza con un análisis de las teorías que fundamentan los planteamientos no marxistas actuales sobre la dependencia tecnológica de los países subdesarrollados

Establishing haematological and biochemical reference intervals for free-ranging Scottish golden eagle nestlings (Aquila chrysaetos)

Health assessment of individuals is an important aspect of monitoring endangered wildlife populations. Haematological and biochemical values are a common health assessment tool, and whilst reference values are well established for domestic species, they are often not available for wild animal species. This study established 31 haematological and biochemical reference intervals for golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) nestlings in Scotland, in order to improve the understanding of the species’ health and support conservation efforts. Reference intervals were created from 47 nestlings (ages 2–7.5 weeks old) across 37 nests, to date, the largest sample of wild individuals of this species and age cohort sampled for these purposes. Upper reference intervals for concentrations of lymphocytes, total protein, cholesterol, triglycerides, uric acid, and monocytes, calculated in this study, are higher than those found for adult raptors and the interval span is higher than that observed in adult raptors for concentrations of AST, albumin, eosinophil, LDH, and monocyte count. Statistically significant positive correlations were found with age and concentrations of haemoglobin, lymphocytes, serum pH, and creatine kinase, and significant negative correlations with age for concentrations of thrombocytes, heterophils, total protein, globulin, and lactate dehydrogenase. Packed cell volume was significantly higher for females than males, and concentration of calcium and eosinophils were higher for individuals in good body condition than those in moderate body condition. The reference intervals produced by this study will be of important use to the veterinary and conservation management communities and will aid the long-term monitoring of the Scottish golden eagle population health

The genome sequence of the European golden eagle, Aquila chrysaetos chrysaetos Linnaeus 1758.

We present a genome assembly from an individual female Aquila chrysaetos chrysaetos (the European golden eagle; Chordata; Aves; Accipitridae). The genome sequence is 1.23 gigabases in span. The majority of the assembly is scaffolded into 28 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the W and Z sex chromosomes

Concentration and origin of lead (Pb) in liver and bone of Eurasian buzzards (Buteo buteo) in the United Kingdom.

Ingestion of lead (Pb) derived from ammunition used in the hunting of game animals is recognised to be a significant potential source of Pb exposure of wild birds, including birds of prey. However, there are only limited data for birds of prey in Europe regarding tissue concentrations and origins of Pb. Eurasian buzzards (Buteo buteo) found dead in the United Kingdom during an 11-year period were collected and the concentrations of Pb in the liver and femur were measured. Concentrations in the liver consistent with acute exposure to Pb were found in 2.7% of birds and concentration in the femur consistent with exposure to lethal levels were found in 4.0% of individuals. Pb concentration in the femur showed no evidence of consistent variation among or within years, but was greater for old than for young birds. The Pb concentration in the liver showed no effect of the birds' age, but varied markedly among years and showed a consistent tendency to increase substantially within years throughout the UK hunting season for gamebirds. The resemblance of the stable isotope composition of Pb from buzzard livers to that of Pb from the types of shotgun ammunition most widely-used in the UK increased markedly with increasing Pb concentration in the liver. Stable isotope results were consistent with 57% of the mass of Pb in livers of all of the buzzards sampled being derived from shotgun pellets, with this proportion being 89% for the birds with concentrations indicating acute exposure to Pb. Hence, most of the Pb acquired by Eurasian buzzards which have liver concentrations likely to be associated with lethal and sublethal effects is probably obtained when they prey upon or scavenge gamebirds and mammals shot using Pb shotgun pellets

1er. Coloquio de educación para el diseño en la sociedad 5.0

Las memorias del 1er. Coloquio de Educación para el Diseño en la Sociedad 5.0 debenser entendidas como un esfuerzo colectivo de la comunidad de académicos de la División de Ciencias y Artes para el Diseño, que pone de manifiesto los retos y oportunidades que enfrenta la educación en diseño en un contexto de cambio acelerado y rompimiento de paradigmas.El evento se realizó el pasado mes de mayo de 2018 y se recibieron más de 50 ponencias por parte de las profesoras y profesores de la División.Las experiencias y/o propuestas innovadoras en cuanto a procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje que presentan los autores en cada uno de sus textos son una invitación a reflexionar sobre nuestra situación actual en la materia, y emprender acciones en la División para continuar brindando una educación de calidad en diseño a nuestras alumnas, alumnos y la sociedad.Adicionalmente, se organizaron tres conferencias magistrales sobre la situación actual de la educación en Diseño y de las Instituciones de Educación Superior, impartidas por el Mtro. Luis Sarale, profesor de la Universidad Nacional de Cuyo en Mendoza (Argentina), y Presidente en su momento, de la Red de Carreras de Diseño en Universidades Públicas Latinoamericanas (DISUR), el Dr. Romualdo López Zárate, Rector de la Unidad Azcapotzalco, así como del Mtro. Luis Antonio Rivera Díaz, Jefe de Departamento de Teoría y Procesos del Diseño de la División de la Ciencias de la Comunicación y Diseño, en la Unidad Cuajimalpa de nuestra institución.La publicación de estas memorias son un esfuerzo divisional, organizado desde la Coordinación de Docencia Divisional y la Coordinación de Tecnologías del Aprendizaje, del Conocimiento y la Comunicación, para contribuir a los objetivos planteados en el documento ACCIONES:Agenda CyAD2021, en particular al eje de Innovación Educativa. Es necesario impulsar a todos los niveles de la División espacios de discusión orientados a reflexionar sobre el presente y futuro en la educación del diseñador, que contribuya a mejorar la calidad de la docencia y favorezca al fortalecimiento de los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje.Finalmente, extiendo un amplio reconocimiento a todos los miembros de la División que hicieron posible este evento, así como a todos los ponentes y participantes por compartir su conocimiento para que la División sea cada día mejor

Raptor health as an indicator of ecosystem health: a novel toolbox for conservation

Monitoring the health of wildlife is a vital element of environmental stewardship, and there are benchmark examples of crucial interventions involving predators, and especially birds of prey (raptors; Order: Accipitres). Such work can involve ecological, behavioural, veterinarian and toxicological approaches. The scale of work can vary from studying a few individuals of a species through to national and global surveillance programmes over long time periods. Such work contributes to our understanding of the health of individuals, species populations and indeed wider ecosystems. Predators are commonly used as indicator species due to their position at the top of the food chain and their susceptibility to processes of bioaccumulation and biomagnification. Furthermore, the relatively small sizes of many predator populations means that they can be more easily and closely monitored, enabling the determination of the causes of decline or poor health at local, regional or wider scales. This project assesses the health of raptor populations in Scotland, through the development of a series of tools. Health examination and blood sampling of live individuals of a single species, the golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos), were used to develop blood reference intervals as Tool 1 to assess individual health. Biometrics obtained from the same birds were combined to develop Tool 2 for sexing nestlings and later help inform population sex ratios. Post mortem examinations of many raptor species were used to create Tool 3 to assess health at a single point in time, and to see if this could be used to discern the health of raptor populations. Finally, Tool 4 was devised to analyse essential and toxic elements, pesticides, pharmaceuticals and poisons in raptor tissues and blood to obtain an overview of chemicals present in birds at the top of the food chain. These four tools were used to help us understand the health of raptors. The work relied heavily on a wide network of people, both raptor specialists as well as members of the public, in providing carcasses for post mortem examination and analyses of samples. Detailed work on golden eagles centred on developing Tool 2 found that no biometric measure/identifier, single or in combination, was capable of determining the sex of chicks aged 7.5 weeks or less (despite many fieldworkers claiming they can readily determine the sex of eagle chicks). Examination of 170 carcasses of 15 species of raptor found that trauma was the main contributor to death. Detailed screening for chemicals in 111 individuals from 13 raptor species detected cadmium in all species tested and in over 40% of individuals. Lead was detected in 13 of 14 species tested and in more than 80% of individuals. Mercury was detected in all individuals and both mercury and lead concentration increased across the country from east to west, matching a higher incidence of respiratory disease and higher mortality of golden eagle chick towards the west of the country. Arsenic was found in five of 14 (35.7%) species tested. A combination of the most commonly used rodenticides was detected across eight raptor species, with highest levels found in buzzards (Buteo buteo) and barn owls (Tyto alba). No intact pharmaceutical or poison compounds were detected across the sampled population. Not all pharmaceutical or poison metabolites could be screened for. It is hoped that this work can be developed as part of long term monitoring of raptors in Scotland. In particular, the tools offer promise for detecting local and regional patterns in raptor and ecosystem health in Scotland