El lado humano del regadío

En este artículo se presenta la posición de UAGA-COAG respecto a los usos y la gobernanza del agua. Merece la pena su lectura pausada y profunda, ya que nos ayudará a abrir caminos de reflexión y debate en algunos aspectos donde sus argumentos mantienen algunas diferencias con otros pareceres presentados en este número de la revista

Neuropeptide growth factors and small cell lung cancer

Quiescent cultures of Swiss 3T3 cells are a useful model system for elucidating the mechanisms of mitogenesis. Here, Swiss 3T3 cells were used to test novel mitogens and characterise bombesin antagonists. Bradykinin was identified as a potent mitogen, acting in synergy with insulin. Two groups of antagonists were characterised: the substance P analogues [DArg1, DPro2, DTrp7,9, Leu11]- substance P (antagonist A), [DArg1, DPhe5, DTrp7,9, Leu11]- substance P (antagonist D) and [Arg6, DTrp7,9, Leu11] substance P(6-11) (antagonist G); and the bombesin-specific antagonists (Leu13-psi(CH2NH)Leu14]bombesin and N- acetyl-GRP(20-26). The substance P antagonists appear to interact with a common domain on the receptors for three mitogenic neuropeptides in Swiss 3T3 cells: bombesin, vasopressin and bradykinin. The bombesin-specific antagonists did not interact with other receptors. Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive form of lung cancer. The bombesin-like peptides, including gastrin- releasing peptide (GRP), have been postulated to act as autocrine growth factors for these tumours. In SCLC cell lines, all the antagonists were shown to block the early effect of bombesin, mobilisation of cytosolic Ca2+. The substance P antagonists also inhibited SCLC growth in liquid and semisolid media, in a reversible, dose-dependent fashion. The bombesin-specific antagonists did not inhibit SCLC growth, suggesting that other growth factors blocked by the substance P antagonists may be more important for regulating SCLC growth. A variety of peptides and hormones were tested for their ability to mobilise cytosolic Ca2+ in SCLG cell lines. Ca2+ signals were induced by GRP, vasopressin, bradykinin, cholecystokinin, galanin and neurotensin, and all were blocked by antagonists D and G. These neuropeptides are suggested as possible growth factors for SCLC

Pepper Crop under Climate Change: Grafting as an Environmental Friendly Strategy

Pepper is an extremely important vegetable worldwide in socio-economic terms. However, persistent land use, monoculture, and intensified production processes have led to soil diseases. This, along with abiotic stress, and mainly salinity of soil and waters, water stress, and suboptimal temperatures, can lead to physiological disorders emerging in peppers, e.g., cracking and Blossom end rot, which induce plant senescence, and lower not only in yields, but also in product quality. Salinity and water shortage are the two main environmental problems that crops face in the Mediterranean Region. One way of overcoming stresses from an ecological or integrated crop management viewpoint is to use grafted plants as an adaptation strategy. Initially, grafting technology has expanded in Solanaceae and Cucurbitacea species to overcome biotic stress. Nowadays, grafts are being used as several approaches to cushion the impact of climate change on agricultural systems. Furthermore, grafts allow desirable varieties by organoleptic or productivity traits, but they are sensitive to abiotic stress and can be grown under abiotic stress. As far as we know, very few studies on grafted pepper plants under abiotic stress are available

Himerius and the Praetorian Prefect Secundus Salutius

Himerius’ oration 42 Colonna, devoted to Julian’s old friend, was read in his presence or was sent to him, before Himerius’ return to Athens

A review of commercial energy harvesters for autonomous sensors

Current commercial autonomous sensors are mainly powered by primary batteries. Batteries need to be replaced and hence can become the largest and most expensive part of the system. On the other hand, our environment is full of waste and unused energy such as that coming from the sun or mechanical vibrations. As a result, commercial energy harvesters are increasingly available to power autonomous sensors. This work presents and analyses commercial energy harvesters currently available. First, environmental energy sources are classified and described. Then, energy harvesting principles are described and some guidelines are given to calculate the maximum power consumption allowed and the energy storage capacity required for the autonomous sensor. Finally, commercial energy harvesters are evaluated to determine their capability to power a commercial autonomous sensor in some given circumstances

Chlorophyll fluorescence imaging can reflect development of vascular connection in grafting union in some Solanaceae species

[EN] Graft union development in plants has been studied mainly by destructive methods such as histological studies. The aim of this work was to evaluate whether the chlorophyll fluorescence imaging (CFI) technique is sensitive enough to reflect changes at the cellular level in different Solanaceae grafted plants 30 d after grafting, when both grafted partners were well fused and strong enough in all plant combinations. The pepper cultivar 'Adige' was grafted onto different Capsicum spp. accessions typified with different compatibility degrees; eggplant was grafted on Solanum torvum and pepper homografts as compatible unions; pepper was grafted on S. torvum and on tomato as incompatible unions. 'Adige'/'Adige' and 'Adige'/pepper A25 showed a higher maximum quantum efficiency of PSII associated with higher values of actual quantum efficiency of PSII and photochemical quenching as well as with vascular regeneration across the graft interface. Our results highlighted that CFI changes reflected histological observations in grafted Solanaceae plants.This work was financed by INIA (Spain) through Project RTA2013-00022-C02-01 and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF).Penella-Casañ, C.; Pina, A.; San Bautista Primo, A.; López Galarza, SV.; Calatayud, A. (2017). Chlorophyll fluorescence imaging can reflect development of vascular connection in grafting union in some Solanaceae species. Photosynthetica. 55(4):671-678. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11099-017-0690-7S671678554Berger, S., Benediktyová, Z., Matouš, K., Bonfig, K., Mueller, M. J., Nedbal, L., & Roitsch, T. (2006). Visualization of dynamics of plant–pathogen interaction by novel combination of chlorophyll fluorescence imaging and statistical analysis: differential effects of virulent and avirulent strains of P. syringae and of oxylipins on A. thaliana. Journal of Experimental Botany, 58(4), 797-806. doi:10.1093/jxb/erl208Bilger, W., & Björkman, O. (1991). Temperature dependence of violaxanthin de-epoxidation and non-photochemical fluorescence quenching in intact leaves of Gossypium hirsutum L. and Malva parviflora L. Planta, 184(2), 226-234. doi:10.1007/bf00197951Calatayud, Á., Gorbe, E., Roca, D., & Martínez, P. F. (2008). Effect of two nutrient solution temperatures on nitrate uptake, nitrate reductase activity, NH4+ concentration and chlorophyll a fluorescence in rose plants. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 64(1), 65-74. doi:10.1016/j.envexpbot.2008.02.003Clearwater, M. J., Lowe, R. G., Hofstee, B. J., Barclay, C., Mandemaker, A. J., & Blattmann, P. (2004). Hydraulic conductance and rootstock effects in grafted vines of kiwifruit. Journal of Experimental Botany, 55(401), 1371-1382. doi:10.1093/jxb/erh137DELOIRE, A., & HÉBANT, C. (1982). Peroxidase Activity and Lignification at the Interface Between Stock and Scion of Compatible and Incompatible Grafts of Capsicum on Lycopersicum. Annals of Botany, 49(6), 887-891. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a086314Dhondt, S., Vanhaeren, H., Van Loo, D., Cnudde, V., & Inzé, D. (2010). Plant structure visualization by high-resolution X-ray computed tomography. Trends in Plant Science, 15(8), 419-422. doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2010.05.002Errea, P., Garay, L., & Marín, J. A. (2001). Early detection of graft incompatibility in apricot (Prunus armeniaca ) using in vitro techniques. Physiologia Plantarum, 112(1), 135-141. doi:10.1034/j.1399-3054.2001.1120118.xErrea, P. (1998). Implications of phenolic compounds in graft incompatibility in fruit tree species. Scientia Horticulturae, 74(3), 195-205. doi:10.1016/s0304-4238(98)00087-9Errea, P., Felipe, A., & Herrero, M. (1994). Graft establishment between compatible and incompatiblePrunusspp. Journal of Experimental Botany, 45(3), 393-401. doi:10.1093/jxb/45.3.393FERNANDEZ-GARCIA, N. (2004). Graft Union Formation in Tomato Plants: Peroxidase and Catalase Involvement. Annals of Botany, 93(1), 53-60. doi:10.1093/aob/mch014Fernández-García, N., Martínez, V., & Carvajal, M. (2004). Effect of salinity on growth, mineral composition, and water relations of grafted tomato plants. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 167(5), 616-622. doi:10.1002/jpln.200420416Flaishman, M. A., Loginovsky, K., Golobowich, S., & Lev-Yadun, S. (2008). Arabidopsis thaliana as a Model System for Graft Union Development in Homografts and Heterografts. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 27(3), 231-239. doi:10.1007/s00344-008-9050-yGenty, B., Briantais, J.-M., & Baker, N. R. (1989). The relationship between the quantum yield of photosynthetic electron transport and quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects, 990(1), 87-92. doi:10.1016/s0304-4165(89)80016-9Goldschmidt, E. E. (2014). Plant grafting: new mechanisms, evolutionary implications. Frontiers in Plant Science, 5. doi:10.3389/fpls.2014.00727Guidi, L., Mori, S., Degl’Innocenti, E., & Pecchia, S. (2007). Effects of ozone exposure or fungal pathogen on white lupin leaves as determined by imaging of chlorophyll a fluorescence. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 45(10-11), 851-857. doi:10.1016/j.plaphy.2007.07.001Hudina, M., Orazem, P., Jakopic, J., & Stampar, F. (2014). The phenolic content and its involvement in the graft incompatibility process of various pear rootstocks (Pyrus communis L.). Journal of Plant Physiology, 171(5), 76-84. doi:10.1016/j.jplph.2013.10.022Irisarri, P., Binczycki, P., Errea, P., Martens, H. J., & Pina, A. (2015). Oxidative stress associated with rootstock–scion interactions in pear/quince combinations during early stages of graft development. Journal of Plant Physiology, 176, 25-35. doi:10.1016/j.jplph.2014.10.015Kawaguchi, M., Taji, A., Backhouse, D., & Oda, M. (2008). Anatomy and physiology of graft incompatibility in solanaceous plants. The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 83(5), 581-588. doi:10.1080/14620316.2008.11512427Mudge, K., Janick, J., Scofield, S., & Goldschmidt, E. E. (2009). A History of Grafting. Horticultural Reviews, 437-493. doi:10.1002/9780470593776.ch9�quist, G., & Chow, W. S. (1992). On the relationship between the quantum yield of Photosystem II electron transport, as determined by chlorophyll fluorescence and the quantum yield of CO2-dependent O2 evolution. Photosynthesis Research, 33(1), 51-62. doi:10.1007/bf00032982OXBOROUGH, K., & BAKER, N. R. (1997). An instrument capable of imaging chlorophyll a fluorescence from intact leaves at very low irradiance and at cellular and subcellular levels of organization. Plant, Cell and Environment, 20(12), 1473-1483. doi:10.1046/j.1365-3040.1997.d01-42.xPadgett, M., & Morrison, J. C. (1990). Changes in Grape Berry Exudates during Fruit Development and Their Effect on Mycelial Growth of Botrytis cinerea. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 115(2), 269-273. doi:10.21273/jashs.115.2.269Penella, C., Nebauer, S. G., Quiñones, A., San Bautista, A., López-Galarza, S., & Calatayud, A. (2015). Some rootstocks improve pepper tolerance to mild salinity through ionic regulation. Plant Science, 230, 12-22. doi:10.1016/j.plantsci.2014.10.007Penella, C., Nebauer, S. G., Bautista, A. S., López-Galarza, S., & Calatayud, Á. (2014). Rootstock alleviates PEG-induced water stress in grafted pepper seedlings: Physiological responses. Journal of Plant Physiology, 171(10), 842-851. doi:10.1016/j.jplph.2014.01.013Penella, C., Nebauer, S. G., López-Galarza, S., SanBautista, A., Rodríguez-Burruezo, A., & Calatayud, A. (2014). Evaluation of some pepper genotypes as rootstocks in water stress conditions. Horticultural Science, 41(No. 4), 192-200. doi:10.17221/163/2013-hortsciPina, A., Errea, P., & Martens, H. J. (2012). Graft union formation and cell-to-cell communication via plasmodesmata in compatible and incompatible stem unions of Prunus spp. Scientia Horticulturae, 143, 144-150. doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2012.06.017Pina, A., Errea, P., Schulz, A., & Martens, H. J. (2009). Cell-to-cell transport through plasmodesmata in tree callus cultures. Tree Physiology, 29(6), 809-818. doi:10.1093/treephys/tpp025Quilliam, R. S., Swarbrick, P. J., Scholes, J. D., & Rolfe, S. A. (2005). Imaging photosynthesis in wounded leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana. Journal of Experimental Botany, 57(1), 55-69. doi:10.1093/jxb/erj039Rolfe, S. A., & Scholes, J. D. (2010). Chlorophyll fluorescence imaging of plant–pathogen interactions. Protoplasma, 247(3-4), 163-175. doi:10.1007/s00709-010-0203-zRouphael, Y., Schwarz, D., Krumbein, A., & Colla, G. (2010). Impact of grafting on product quality of fruit vegetables. Scientia Horticulturae, 127(2), 172-179. doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2010.09.001Sánchez-Rodríguez, E., Romero, L., & Ruiz, J. M. (2013). Role of Grafting in Resistance to Water Stress in Tomato Plants: Ammonia Production and Assimilation. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 32(4), 831-842. doi:10.1007/s00344-013-9348-2Savvas, D., Colla, G., Rouphael, Y., & Schwarz, D. (2010). Amelioration of heavy metal and nutrient stress in fruit vegetables by grafting. Scientia Horticulturae, 127(2), 156-161. doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2010.09.011Schöning, U., & Kollmann, R. (1997). Phloem translocation in regeneratingin vitro- heterografts of different compatibility. Journal of Experimental Botany, 48(2), 289-295. doi:10.1093/jxb/48.2.289Schreiber, U., Schliwa, U., & Bilger, W. (1986). Continuous recording of photochemical and non-photochemical chlorophyll fluorescence quenching with a new type of modulation fluorometer. Photosynthesis Research, 10(1-2), 51-62. doi:10.1007/bf00024185Tadeo, F. R., Gómez-Cadenas, A., Ben-Cheikh, W., Primo-Millo, E., & Talón, M. (1997). Gibberellin-ethylene interaction controls radial expansion in citrus roots. Planta, 202(3), 370-378. doi:10.1007/s004250050139Trinchera, A., Pandozy, G., Rinaldi, S., Crinò, P., Temperini, O., & Rea, E. (2013). Graft union formation in artichoke grafting onto wild and cultivated cardoon: An anatomical study. Journal of Plant Physiology, 170(18), 1569-1578. doi:10.1016/j.jplph.2013.06.018Wang, Y., & Kollmann, R. (1996). Vascular Differentiation in the Graft Union of in-vitro Grafts with Different Compatibility. — Structural and Functional Aspects. Journal of Plant Physiology, 147(5), 521-533. doi:10.1016/s0176-1617(96)80041-1Yin, H., Yan, B., Sun, J., Jia, P., Zhang, Z., Yan, X., … Liu, H. (2012). Graft-union development: a delicate process that involves cell–cell communication between scion and stock for local auxin accumulation. Journal of Experimental Botany, 63(11), 4219-4232. doi:10.1093/jxb/ers10

Propuesta formativa para una empresa de trabajos verticales.

El presente documento, cuyo tema conductor se engloba dentro del apartado de formación pretende dar unas pequeñas pinceladas de la situación actual de los trabajos verticales, sector relativamente joven que lleva aproximadamente 30 años con nosotros y que en los últimos tiempos empieza a cobrar protagonismo por la versatilidad de trabajos que se pueden realizar. Se lleva a cabo un analisis de la situación real en la que se encuentra una empresa de verticales y se propone una puesta formativa adecuada a las necesidades de prevención detectadas, todo ello respaldado por la legislación que ampara la formación, el sector en cuestión y teoría del mundo de la docencia

Epistemic Luck as Lack of Control and its Externist Branch

Este artículo plantea una defensa a la noción de suerte epistémica como carencia de control, considerándola mejor que otras nociones modales o probabilísticas. Esta orientación en la definición va a ser defendida con algunos cambios basados en la noción de externismo y en la noción de riesgo, con el objetivo de salvar una serie de problemas planteados, por ejemplo, por Jennifer Lackey. Por último, la noción de suerte epistémica como carencia de control en su vertiente externista se relacionará con la cuestión de la genealogía de la suerte, propuesta recientemente por Amia Srinivasan.This paper proposes a defense of the notion of epistemic luck as lack of control, considering it better than the modal and the probabilistic notions. This orientation in the definition will be defended with some changes based on the notion of externism and on the notion of risk, with the aim of saving a serie of problems proposed, for example, by Jennifer Lackey. Finally, the luck epistemic’s notion as lack of control in its externist branch will be related to the question of the luck’s genealogy, recently proposed by Amia Srinivasan