Educação e Treino em Cirurgia - o Desafio da Qualidade e o Evitar do Erro - o Papel dos Simuladores

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Long-term use of motion-based video games in care home settings

Recent research suggests that motion-based video games have the potential to provide both mental and physical stimulation for older adults in residential care. However, little research has explored the practical challenges and opportunities that arise from integrating these games within existing schedules of activities in these contexts. In our work, we report on a qualitative enquiry that was conducted over a three month period at two long-term care facilities. Findings suggest that older adults enjoyed playing video games, and that games can be a valuable means of re-introducing challenge in late life, but that the impact of age-related changes and impairment can influence people’s ability to engage with games in a group setting. We outline core challenges in the design for care context and discuss implications of our work regarding the suitability of games as a self-directed leisure activity

An integrated perspective on RNA aptamer ligand-recognition models : clearing muddy waters

Riboswitches are short RNA motifs that sensitively and selectively bind cognate ligands to modulate gene expression. Like protein receptor-ligand pairs, their binding dynamics are traditionally categorized as following one of two paradigmatic mechanisms: conformational selection and induced fit. In conformational selection, ligand binding stabilizes a particular state already present in the receptor’s dynamic ensemble. In induced fit, ligand-receptor interactions enable the system to overcome the energetic barrier into a previously inaccessible state. In this article, we question whether a polarized division of RNA binding mechanisms truly meets the conceptual needs of the field. We will review the history behind this classification of RNA-ligand interactions, and the way induced fit in particular has been rehabilitated by single-molecule studies of RNA aptamers. We will highlight several recent results from single-molecule experimental studies of riboswitches that reveal gaps or even contradictions between common definitions of the two terms, and we will conclude by proposing a more robust framework that considers the range of RNA behaviors unveiled in recent years as a reality to be described, rather than an increasingly unwieldy set of exceptions to the traditional models.PostprintPeer reviewe

Baseline and other effects for a sterile neutrino at DUNE

We analyse the sensitivity of the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) to a sterile neutrino, combining information from both near and far detectors. We quantify often-neglected effects which may impact the event rate estimation in a 3+1 oscillation scenario. In particular, we find that taking into account the information on the neutrino production point, in contrast to assuming a point-like neutrino source, affects DUNE's sterile exclusion reach. Visible differences remain after the inclusion of energy bin-to-bin uncorrelated systematics. Instead, implementing exact oscillation formulae for near detector events, including a two slab density profile, does not result in any visible change in the sensitivity.Comment: 27 pages, 6 figures, 1 tabl

Halbach arrays at the nanoscale from chiral spin textures

Mallinson's idea that some spin textures in planar magnetic structures could produce an enhancement of the magnetic flux on one side of the plane at the expense of the other gave rise to permanent magnet configurations known as Halbach magnet arrays. Applications range from wiggler magnets in particle accelerators and free electron lasers, to motors, to magnetic levitation trains, but exploiting Halbach arrays in micro- or nanoscale spintronics devices requires solving the problem of fabrication and field metrology below 100 {\mu}m size. In this work we show that a Halbach configuration of moments can be obtained over areas as small as 1 x 1 {\mu}m^2 in sputtered thin films with N\'eel-type domain walls of unique domain wall chirality, and we measure their stray field at a controlled probe-sample distance of 12.0 x 0.5 nm. Because here chirality is determined by the interfacial Dyzaloshinkii-Moriya interaction the field attenuation and amplification is an intrinsic property of this film, allowing for flexibility of design based on an appropriate definition of magnetic domains. 100 nm-wide skyrmions illustrate the smallest kind of such structures, for which our measurement of stray magnetic fields and mapping of the spin structure shows they funnel the field toward one specific side of the film given by the sign of the Dyzaloshinkii-Moriya interaction parameter D.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figure

The 10 −3 eV frontier in neutrinoless double beta decay

The observation of neutrinoless double beta decay would allow to establish lepton number violation and the Majorana nature of neutrinos. The rate of this process in the case of 3-neutrino mixing is controlled by the neutrinoless double beta decay effective Majorana mass |〈m〉|. For a neutrino mass spectrum with normal ordering, which is favoured over the spectrum with inverted ordering by recent global fits, |〈m〉| can be significantly suppressed. Taking into account updated data on the neutrino oscillation parameters, we investigate the conditions under which |〈m〉| in the case of spectrum with normal ordering exceeds 10 −3 (5×10 −3 )eV: |〈m〉| NO >10 −3 (5×10 −3 )eV. We analyse first the generic case with unconstrained leptonic CP violation Majorana phases. We show, in particular, that if the sum of neutrino masses is found to satisfy Σ>0.10eV, then |〈m〉| NO >5×10 −3 eV for any values of the Majorana phases. We consider also cases where the values for these phases are either CP conserving or are in line with predictive schemes combining flavour and generalised CP symmetries

Prevalence of the E321G MYH1 variant for immune-mediated myositis and nonexertional rhabdomyolysis in performance subgroups of American Quarter Horses.

BackgroundImmune-mediated myositis (IMM) in American Quarter Horses (QHs) causes acute muscle atrophy and lymphocytic infiltration of myofibers. Recently, an E321G mutation in a highly conserved region of the myosin heavy chain 1 (MYH1) gene was associated with susceptibility to IMM and nonexertional rhabdomyolysis.ObjectivesTo estimate prevalence of the E321G MYH1 variant in the QH breed and performance subgroups.AnimalsThree-hundred seven elite performance QHs and 146 random registered QH controls.MethodsProspective genetic survey. Elite QHs from barrel racing, cutting, halter, racing, reining, Western Pleasure, and working cow disciplines and randomly selected registered QHs were genotyped for the E321G MYH1 variant and allele frequencies were calculated.ResultsThe E321G MYH1 variant allele frequency was 0.034 ± 0.011 in the general QH population (6.8% of individuals in the breed) and the highest among the reining (0.135 ± 0.040; 24.3% of reiners), working cow (0.085 ± 0.031), and halter (0.080 ± 0.027) performance subgroups. The E321G MYH1 variant was present in cutting (0.044 ± 0.022) and Western Pleasure (0.021 ± 0.015) QHs at lower frequency and was not observed in barrel racing or racing QHs.Conclusions and clinical importanceKnowing that reining and working cow QHs have the highest prevalence of the E321G MYH1 variant and that the variant is more prevalent than the alleles for hereditary equine regional dermal asthenia and hyperkalemic periodic paralysis in the general QH population will guide the use of genetic testing for diagnostic and breeding purposes

Lepton masses and mixing from modular S 4 symmetry

We study models of lepton masses and mixing based on broken modular invariance. We consider invariance under the finite modular group \u393 4 43S 4 and focus on the minimal scenario where the expectation value of the modulus is the only source of symmetry breaking, such that no flavons need to be introduced. After constructing a basis for the lowest weight modular forms, we build two minimal models, one of which successfully accommodates charged lepton masses and neutrino oscillation data, while predicting the values of the Dirac and Majorana CPV phases