Does andropause exist?

Not require

S6K1 Is Required for Increasing Skeletal Muscle Force during Hypertrophy

Summary Loss of skeletal muscle mass and force aggravates age-related sarcopenia and numerous pathologies, such as cancer and diabetes. The AKT-mTORC1 pathway plays a major role in stimulating adult muscle growth; however, the functional role of its downstream mediators in vivo is unknown. Here, we show that simultaneous inhibition of mTOR signaling to both S6K1 and 4E-BP1 is sufficient to reduce AKT-induced muscle growth and render it insensitive to the mTORC1-inhibitor rapamycin. Surprisingly, lack of mTOR signaling to 4E-BP1 only, or deletion of S6K1 alone, is not sufficient to reduce muscle hypertrophy or alter its sensitivity to rapamycin. However, we report that, while not required for muscle growth, S6K1 is essential for maintaining muscle structure and force production. Hypertrophy in the absence of S6K1 is characterized by compromised ribosome biogenesis and the formation of p62-positive protein aggregates. These findings identify S6K1 as a crucial player for maintaining muscle function during hypertrophy

Fractionation of Tetanus Toxoid by Sephadex Gel Filtration and Immunochemical Characterization of the Fractions

Three different ty;pes of tetanus toxoid were fractionated on Sephadex G - 200 gel. The distribution of the fractions was determined spectrophotometrically at 280 mfL . Specific activity of the fractions in vitro was determined by flocculation with standard tetanus antitoxin and by means of immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis. In all three types of the toxoid the active component appeared in the first three fractions ; about 750/o was found in the third fraction. The purity of this fraction, in terms of Lf/mg. of protein nitrogen (PN), was increased about twic e in comparison with the starting material. The highest purity, 2400 Lf/ mg. PN, was achieved in the third fraction of the toxoid type B-1, which w as p repurified, first by ultrafiltration of the toxin, then, after detoxication, by fractional precipitation with ammonium sulfate. This fraction was homogeneous according to immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis te sts. It has been concluded that fractional purification of t etanus toxoid can be effectively achieved by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200, but the effect of purification highly depends on the purity of the starting material

PERAN PEMERINTAH DESA LALOS DALAM MENGEMBANGKAN OBYEK WISATA PANTAI BATU BANGGA

Kunci pengembangan Obyek Wisata Batu Bangga berada di tangan pemerintah desa. Hal penting yang harus disikapi secara arif dan bijaksana, bahwa bagaimana pun juga pantai Batu Bangga adalah salah satu obyek wisata yang populer di Kabupaten Tolitoli dan secara nyata memberikan konstribusi dalam meningkatkan perekonomian masyarakat khususnya bagi mereka yang bermukim di pesisir pantai. Jenis penelitian kualitatif, tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisa peran Pemerintah Desa Lalos dalam mengembangkan obyek wisata pantai Batu Bangga. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peran perencanaan, peran kebijakan serta peran pembuatan dan penegakan pеrаturаn yang dilaksanakan oleh pemerintah desa lalos dalam rangka mengembangkan obyek wisata pantai Batu Bangga belum berjalan sebagaimana mestinya, sementara untuk peran pembangunan prasarana sudah terlaksana dengan baik.Kata Kunci: peran pemerintah, desa lalos, batu bangg

Effects of blood pressure control in cardiovascular prevention

Background: High blood pressure is the main risk factor worldwide for mortality and morbidity. Subjects with uncontrolled hypertension increased in the last decades. Methods: This review is based on the material searched for and obtained via MEDLINE and PubMed up to June 2016. The search terms used were \u201chypertension, blood pressure control\u201d in combination with \u201cpathophysiology, lifestyle, antihypertensive drugs, target organ damage, target values and comorbidity\u201d. Results: This narrative review focused its attention on the diagnosis, the pathophysiology, the clinical consequences of arterial hypertension, and on the factors that must be considered for a better blood pressure control. In fact, the attainment of an adequate blood pressure control is a challenge at both a population and an individual level. Conclusion: The review will discuss the best strategy to reduce uncontrolled hypertension and cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients identifying the main conditions which determine and maintain uncontrolled hypertension also highlighting the new possible strategies for a better blood pressure control and including the results of very recent multicenter randomized controlled trials

The Renin-Angiotensin System Modulates Inflammatory Processes in Atherosclerosis: Evidence from Basic Research and Clinical Studies

Recent evidence shows that the renin-angiotensin system is a crucial player in atherosclerotic processes. The regulation of arterial blood pressure was considered from its first description of the main mechanism involved. Vasoconstriction (mediated by angiotensin II) and salt and water retention (mainly due to aldosterone) were classically considered as pivotal proatherosclerotic activities. However, basic research and animal studies strongly support angiotensin II as a proinflammatory mediator, which directly induces atherosclerotic plaque development and heart remodeling. Furthermore, angiotensin II induces proatherosclerotic cytokine and chemokine secretion and increases endothelial dysfunction. Accordingly, the pharmacological inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system improves prognosis of patients with cardiovascular disease even in settings of normal baseline blood pressure. In the present review, we focused on angiotensin-convertingenzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), and renin inhibitors to update the direct activities of the renin-angiotensin system in inflammatory processes governing atherosclerosis

Class III PI3K regulates organismal glucose homeostasis by providing negative feedback on hepatic insulin signalling.

Defective hepatic insulin receptor (IR) signalling is a pathogenic manifestation of metabolic disorders including obesity and diabetes. The endo/lysosomal trafficking system may coordinate insulin action and nutrient homeostasis by endocytosis of IR and the autophagic control of intracellular nutrient levels. Here we show that class III PI3K--a master regulator of endocytosis, endosomal sorting and autophagy--provides negative feedback on hepatic insulin signalling. The ultraviolet radiation resistance-associated gene protein (UVRAG)-associated class III PI3K complex interacts with IR and is stimulated by insulin treatment. Acute and chronic depletion of hepatic Vps15, the regulatory subunit of class III PI3K, increases insulin sensitivity and Akt signalling, an effect that requires functional IR. This is reflected by FoxO1-dependent transcriptional defects and blunted gluconeogenesis in Vps15 mutant cells. On depletion of Vps15, the metabolic syndrome in genetic and diet-induced models of insulin resistance and diabetes is alleviated. Thus, feedback regulation of IR trafficking and function by class III PI3K may be a therapeutic target in metabolic conditions of insulin resistance

Peran Janda Dalam Mengasuh Anak Dan Membesarkan Anak Di Kelurahan Paniki Dua Kecamatan Mapanget Kota Manado

Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah Manusia dalam perkembangan merupakan individu bagian dari masyarakat yang akan mengalami berbagai macam perkembangan baik fisik maupunn psikis. Seiring berkembangnya individu, perkembangan yang harus dilakukan setiap tahapnya individu , yaitu menikah dan menjalani kehidupan pernikahan yang harmonis. Tapi di dalam pernikahan memiliki resiko seperti kehilangan pasangan hidup akibat perceraian atau kematian pasangan yang dapat membuat seseorang  menyandang status baru sebagai janda atau duda. Namun pada perempuan dengan status janda merupakan studi yang perlu diperhatikan hingga saat ini. Secara sosial, status janda di era modern ini sudah menjadi hal yang dianggap biasa terutama dikota-kota besar yang di Indonesia terutama di Kelurahan Paniki Dua Kecamatan Mapanget Kota Manado. seorang yang berstatus janda memiliki peran yang sangatlah besar. Salah satu peran yang begitu besar tersebut dalam hal pendidikan dan penanaman karakter, terlebih pada penanaman sikap kemandirian terhadap anak. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskripsi, sumber data di peroleh dari data primer dan data sekunder dari lokasi penelitian, mengambil informan berjumlah 10 orang, secara khusus seorang perempuan berstatus janda yang menjadi kepala keluarga dalam mengasuh anak dan membesarkan anak. Dari hasil wawancara yang telah dilakukan bahwa dari 4 janda yang mengasuh anaknya dengan benar–benar sabar dan nyaris tidak memaksa anak dan selalu membimbing anak mereka dengan sabar.   Kata Kunci: Peran, Janda, Membesarkan, Mengasuh, Anak &nbsp