342 research outputs found
Covariant quantization of N=1/2 SYM theories and supergauge invariance
So far, quantum properties of N=1/2 nonanticommutative (NAC) super
Yang--Mills theories have been investigated in the WZ gauge. The gauge
independence of the results requires assuming that at the quantum level
supergauge invariance is not broken by nonanticommutative geometry. In this
paper we use an alternative approach which allows studying these theories in a
manifestly gauge independent superspace setup. This is accomplished by
generalizing the background field method to the NAC case, by moving to a
momentum superspace where star products are treated as exponential factors and
by developing momentum supergraph techniques. We compute the one--loop gauge
effective action for NAC U(N) gauge theories with matter in the adjoint
representation. Despite the appearance of divergent contributions which break
(super)gauge invariance, we prove that the effective action at this order is
indeed invariant.Comment: 24 pages, 3 figures, some references adde
Effect of farming system changes on life cycle assessment indicators for dairy farms in the Italian Alps.
In some Alpine areas dairy farming is going through a process of intensification with significant changes in farming systems. The aim of this study was to investigate environmental performance of a sample of 31 dairy farms in an Alpine area of Lombardy with different levels of intensification. A cradle to farm gate life cycle assessment was performed including the following impact categories: land use, non-renewable energy use, climate change, acidification and eutrophication. From a cluster analysis it resulted that the group of farms with lowest environmental impacts were characterized by low stocking density and production intensity; farms that combined good environmental performances with medium gross margins were characterized also by high feed self-sufficiency and lowland availability. Environmental impacts of dairy farms in the mountain areas could be mitigated by the improvement of forage production and quality and by the practice of summer highland grazing, that significantly reduced eutrophication per kg of milk of the less self-sufficient farms
Exact results in planar N=1 superconformal Yang-Mills theory
In the \beta-deformed N=4 supersymmetric SU(N) Yang-Mills theory we study the
class of operators O_J = Tr(\Phi_i^J \Phi_k), i\neq k and compute their exact
anomalous dimensions for N,J\to\infty. This leads to a prediction for the
masses of the corresponding states in the dual string theory sector. We test
the exact formula perturbatively up to two loops. The consistency of the
perturbative calculation with the exact result indicates that in the planar
limit the one--loop condition g^2=h\bar{h} for superconformal invariance is
indeed sufficient to insure the {\em exact} superconformal invariance of the
theory. We present a direct proof of this point in perturbation theory. The O_J
sector of this theory shares many similarities with the BMN sector of the N=4
theory in the large R--charge limit.Comment: LaTex, 14 pages, 3 figures; v2: minor corrections and one reference
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Four-point correlators of BPS operators in N=4 SYM at order g^4
We study the large N degeneracy in the structure of the four-point amplitudes
of 1/2-BPS operators of arbitrary weight k in perturbative N=4 SYM theory. At
one loop (order g^2) this degeneracy manifests itself in a smaller number of
independent conformal invariant functions describing the amplitude, compared to
AdS_5 supergravity results. To study this phenomenon at the two-loop level
(order g^4) we consider a particular N=2 hypermultiplet projection of the
general N=4 amplitude. Using the formalism of N=2 harmonic superspace we then
explicitly compute this four-point correlator at two loops and identify the
corresponding conformal invariant functions. In the cases of 1/2-BPS operators
of weight k=3 and k=4 the one-loop large N degeneracy is lifted by the two-loop
corrections. However, for weight k > 4 the degeneracy is still there at the
two-loop level. This behavior suggests that for a given weight k the degeneracy
will be removed if perturbative corrections of sufficiently high order are
taken into account. These results are in accord with the AdS/CFT duality
conjecture.Comment: 45 pages, latex, 14 figure
Quantum boundary currents for nonsimply-laced Toda theories
We study the quantum integrability of nonsimply--laced affine Toda theories
defined on the half--plane and explicitly construct the first nontrivial
higher--spin charges in specific examples. We find that, in contradistinction
to the classical case, addition of total derivative terms to the "bulk" current
plays a relevant role for the quantum boundary conservation.Comment: 11 pages, latex, no figure
Correlation functions of chiral primary operators in perturbative N = 4 SYM
We discuss recent results on two-point functions of chiral primary operatorsin {\cal N}=4 SU(N) supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory. Our results give furthersupport to the belief that such correlators are not renormalized to all ordersin g and to all orders in N
Supersymmetric Wilson loops via integral forms
We study supersymmetric Wilson loops from a geometrical perspective. To this end, we propose a new formulation of these operators in terms of an integral form associated to the immersion of the loop into a supermanifold. This approach provides a unifying description of Wilson loops preserving different sets of supercharges, and clarifies the flow between them. Moreover, it allows to exploit the powerful techniques of super- differential calculus for investigating their symmetries. As remarkable examples, we discuss supersymmetry and kappa-symmetry invariance
Correlação do solo e fertilização de pastagens em sistemas intensivos de produção de leite.
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