Warty carcinoma of uterine cervix - review of the literature and case report

Introduction. The Histological Classification of Epithelial Tumors of the Uterine Cervix of the World Health Organization includes inter alia warty carcinoma as a variant of squamous cell carcinoma. Until now several case reports and studies have shown that this particular cancer is associated with human papillomavirus/ HPV infection. Case presentation. A 58-year-old woman presented with a vegetant cervical tumour. Biopsy samples were collected from the tumour, and the histological exam successively confirmed the warty cell carcinoma. Additional tests revealed the presence of single human papillomavirus/ type-45. An immunohistochemistry exam was performed in order to confirm the diagnosis, and also to highlight the relationship between the potential causal factors and the morphological appearance. This allowed the confirmation of the diagnosis, and added new elements able to define the characteristics of this form of cancer. The treatment included radiotherapy and radical hysterectomy with anexectomy, and pelvic lymphadenectomy. The evolution was favorable, with no signs of local recurrence or metastasis in the past five years. Conclusions. Warty carcinoma, relatively similar to condyloma acuminatum or verrucous carcinomas, has specific immune-histochemical features that differentiate it from other variants of squamous cell carcinoma. The HPV genotype 45 can be considered a causative factor in the pathogenesis of cervical warty carcinoma. Even so, warty carcinoma appears not to be caused by a specific HPV subtype (or a combination of several specific genotypes), being rather a multifactorial affection

Measuring COVID-19 spreading speed through the mean time between infections indicator

We propose to use the mean time between infections (MTBI) metric as obtained from a recently introduced non-homogeneous Markov stochastic model. Different types of parameter calibration are performed. We estimate the MTBI using data from different time windows and from the whole stage history and compare the results. In order to detect waves and stages in the input data, a preprocessing filtering technique is applied. The results of applying this indicator to the COVID-19 reported data of infections from Argentina, Germany and the United States are shown. We find that the MTBI behaves similarly with respect to the different data inputs, whereas the model parameters completely change their behaviour. Evolution over time of the parameters and the MTBI indicator is also shown. We show evidence to support the claim that the MTBI is a rather good indicator in order to measure the spreading speed of an epidemic, having similar values whatever the input data size

Analysis of very-high surface area 3D-printed media in a moving bed biofilm reactor for wastewater treatment

Moving Bed Biofilm Reactors (MBBRs) can efficiently treat wastewater by incorporating suspended biocarriers that provide attachment surfaces for active microorganisms. The performance of MBBRs for wastewater treatment is, among other factors, contingent upon the characteristics of the surface area of the biocarriers. Thus, novel biocarrier topology designs can potentially increase MBBR performance in a significant manner. The goal of this work is to assess the performance of 3-D-printed biofilter media biocarriers with varying surface area designs for use in nitrifying MBBRs for wastewater treatment. Mathematical models, rendering, and 3D printing were used to design and fabricate gyroid-shaped biocarriers with a high degree of complexity at three different levels of specific surface area (SSA), generally providing greater specific surface areas than currently available commercial designs. The biocarriers were inoculated with a nitrifying bacteria community, and tested in a series of batch reactors for ammonia conversion to nitrate, in three different experimental configurations: constant fill ratio, constant total surface area, and constant biocarrier media count. Results showed that large and medium SSA gyroid biocarriers delivered the best ammonia conversion performance of all designs, and significantly better than that of a standard commercial design. The percentage of ammonia nitrogen conversion at 8 hours for the best performing biocarrier design was: 99.33% (large SSA gyroid, constant fill ratio), 94.74% (medium SSA gyroid, constant total surface area), and 92.73% (large SSA gyroid, constant biocarrier media count). Additionally, it is shown that the ammonia conversion performance was correlated to the specific surface area of the biocarrier, with the greatest rates of ammonia conversion (99.33%) and nitrate production (2.7 mg/L) for manufactured gyroid biocarriers with a specific surface area greater than 1980.5 m2/m3. The results suggest that the performance of commercial MBBRs for wastewater treatment can be greatly improved by manipulation of media design through topology optimization

Characterization and energy potential assessment of the forestry residues from the paper and pulp industry

Orientador: Waldir Antonio BizzoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia MecânicaResumo: A indústria de papel e celulose é a principal consumidora de biomassa como combustível e como matéria-prima, gerando resíduos de biomassa, os quais representam uma grande quantidade de energia disponível. A produção de papel e celulose necessita de grandes quantidades de energia tanto mecânica quanto térmica, a qual usualmente é produzida através da queima de biomassa. Além dos resíduos gerados na própria indústria, a cadeia de produção de papel e celulose envolve uma importante atividade florestal, da qual é aproveitada a madeira e geralmente deixando no campo resíduos de biomassa, os quais representam entre 15 e 25% da massa seca da árvore. Este trabalho de pesquisa enfoca-se na caracterização como combustível dos resíduos sólidos gerados no campo (folhas, cascas, galhos e pontas) e na produção de papel e celulose (finos, cascas, cavacos e lodo orgânico). Também é estimado o potencial de geração de energia elétrica pela combustão dos resíduos de biomassa através do ciclo Rankine. A caracterização baseia-se em uma serie de análises pelos quais é estudada a degradação térmica (análises térmicas - TGA e DSC), e determinada a composição elementar, imediata e estrutural, poder calorífico e massa específica. São caracterizadas também as cinzas determinando sua composição elementar. O material empregado é proveniente do gênero eucalipto espécie Urograndis. As biomassas estudadas apresentam-se propriadas para ser empregadas como combustível em fornalhas industriais. Os resíduos florestais e os rejeitos de madeira da fábrica têm algumas desvantagens em relação a outras biomassas como a madeira. Estas desvantagens são o teor de cinzas, principalmente nas folhas e casca (entre 3 e 5% b.s.), a elevada umidade (acima de 50% b.u.) e sua difícil manipulação. Porém, essas biomassas melhoram suas propriedades com o passar do tempo deste material no campo, diminuindo sua umidade e reduzindo o teor de cinzas, cloro e potássio. A combustão do lodo pode ser energeticamente deficiente devido ao seu elevado teor de umidade e baixo poder calorífico. O potencial de geração de energia elétrica é elevado, desde que a produtividade dos resíduos é grande e seu poder calorífico similar à madeira original. Conclui-se que sem considerar as questões de logística, os resíduos de biomassas em questão têm grande potencial energético ainda não aproveitadoAbstract: The pulp and paper industry is the major consumer of biomass fuels and feedstock, as a result it generates biomass waste, which represents a great amount of heat energy available. The production of pulp and paper requires large quantities of mechanical and heat energy. This energy is usually supplied by burning biomass in boilers, generating steam that is used as heat source and to generate electricity. Besides the waste generated in the industry, the paper and pulp production chain involves an important forestry activity, in which generally the wood is taken and the biomass residues are leaved at the forest. That represents between 15 and 25% of the tree dry mass. This research focuses on the solid residues generated at the forest (bark, branches, tips and leaves) as well as in the production of pulp and paper (fines, bark, organic sludge and chips), characterizing them as fuel. The objective is also estimate the electric potential of the combustion of biomass residues through the steam Rankine cycle. The characterization is based on a range of analysis, studding the thermal degradation (thermal analysis - TG and DSC), and determining the elemental and immediate composition, heating value, density and chemical structure. Also, the ash elemental composition is established. The material used is taken from the Eucalyptus genus Urograndis species. The studied biomass is suitable to be used as fuel in industrial furnaces. The forestry residues and factory wood rejects have some disadvantages regarding to others biomass like wood. The main disadvantages are the ash content, especially in the leaves and bark (between 3 and 5\% d.b.), high moisture (above 50% w.b.) and its handling difficult. However, the chemistry properties of the biomass improve as it remains at the forest for a period of time, decreasing its moisture and reducing the ash, chlorine and potassium contents. The organic sludge combustion could be energy deficient due to its high moisture and its low heating value. The electric potential is high, since the productivity of waste is large and its heating value is similar to the original wood. We conclude that without considering the logistics issues, the biomass waste has great energy potential, generally untappedMestradoTermica e FluidosMestre em Engenharia Mecânic

Análise de viabilidade financeira para um investimento privado para implantação de unidade de tratamento de resíduos de Serviço de Saúde no Distrito Federal

Trabalho de conclusão de curso (graduação)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Economia, Administração e Contabilidade, Departamento de Economia, 2013.A proposta deste estudo é analisar a viabilidade financeira de um projeto de investimento em uma usina de tratamento de resíduos de serviço de saúde (RSS) no Distrito Federal sob o ponto de vista privado. Dado o desenvolvimento exponencial da escala da economia nos últimos dois séculos, os rejeitos crescentes dos processos econômicos e os RSS, principalmente, tem atraído uma atenção especial da sociedade devido ao risco de contaminação e contágio. Considerando que os RSS geram externalidades que provocam ineficiências, a legislação e a regulamentação sobre a questão avançaram nos últimos anos no sentido de internalizar estas externalidades passando a responsabilidade deste passivo ao setor privado. A análise será feita comparando-se duas possíveis escalas iniciais de incineração, tecnologia recomendada pela regulamentação. Os resultados mostram que ambas as escalas são financeiramente viáveis. Uma análise incremental apresenta preferência pela alternativa de escala maior.This work proposes to analyse the financial feasibility of an investment project in a private medical waste treatment plant in the Federal District, Brazil. Due to the exponencial development of the economy scale on the last two centuries, the rising rejects of the economic processes and specially the medical waste issue have attracted special attention. Given that medical waste generates externalities causing inneficiencies, the legislation and regulation about this issue has moved aiming to internalize these externalities transferring to the private sector the responsability over this enviromental passive. The analysis will be done comparing two possible initials scales of incinerations, which is the recommended technology by the regulation bodies. The results show that both scales can be financially considered. A incremental analysis shows preference of the larger scale alternative

Warty carcinoma of uterine cervix - review of the literature and case report

Introduction. The Histological Classification of Epithelial Tumors of the Uterine Cervix of the World Health Organization includes inter alia warty carcinoma as a variant of squamous cell carcinoma. Until now several case reports and studies have shown that this particular cancer is associated with human papillomavirus/ HPV infection. Case presentation. A 58-year-old woman presented with a vegetant cervical tumour. Biopsy samples were collected from the tumour, and the histological exam successively confirmed the warty cell carcinoma. Additional tests revealed the presence of single human papillomavirus/ type-45. An immunohistochemistry exam was performed in order to confirm the diagnosis, and also to highlight the relationship between the potential causal factors and the morphological appearance. This allowed the confirmation of the diagnosis, and added new elements able to define the characteristics of this form of cancer. The treatment included radiotherapy and radical hysterectomy with anexectomy, and pelvic lymphadenectomy. The evolution was favorable, with no signs of local recurrence or metastasis in the past five years. Conclusions. Warty carcinoma, relatively similar to condyloma acuminatum or verrucous carcinomas, has specific immune-histochemical features that differentiate it from other variants of squamous cell carcinoma. The HPV genotype 45 can be considered a causative factor in the pathogenesis of cervical warty carcinoma. Even so, warty carcinoma appears not to be caused by a specific HPV subtype (or a combination of several specific genotypes), being rather a multifactorial affection

Evaluating the Microsoft HoloLens through an augmented reality assembly application

Industry and academia have repeatedly demonstrated the transformative potential of Augmented Reality (AR) guided assembly instructions. In the past, however, computational and hardware limitations often dictated that these systems were deployed on tablets or other cumbersome devices. Often, tablets impede worker progress by diverting a user\u27s hands and attention, forcing them to alternate between the instructions and the assembly process. Head Mounted Displays (HMDs) overcome those diversions by allowing users to view the instructions in a hands-free manner while simultaneously performing an assembly operation. Thanks to rapid technological advances, wireless commodity AR HMDs are becoming commercially available. Specifically, the pioneering Microsoft HoloLens, provides an opportunity to explore a hands-free HMD’s ability to deliver AR assembly instructions and what a user interface looks like for such an application. Such an exploration is necessary because it is not certain how previous research on user interfaces will transfer to the HoloLens or other new commodity HMDs. In addition, while new HMD technology is promising, its ability to deliver a robust AR assembly experience is still unknown. To assess the HoloLens’ potential for delivering AR assembly instructions, the cross-platform Unity 3D game engine was used to build a proof of concept application. Features focused upon when building the prototype were: user interfaces, dynamic 3D assembly instructions, and spatially registered content placement. The research showed that while the HoloLens is a promising system, there are still areas that require improvement, such as tracking accuracy, before the device is ready for deployment in a factory assembly setting

Tiempo medio entre fallas: investigación de confiabilidad de proyectos ágiles y estudio comparativo de modelos

En este trabajo abordamos el problema de medir la confiabilidad de un sistema de software mediante el estudio del tiempo medio entre fallas, parámetro ya ampliamente observado en la literatura. A partir de varios conjuntos de datos reales, encuadrados bajo el paradigma de desarrollo ágil, investigamos las características generales del tiempo medio entre fallas en este tipo de proyectos. Se presenta un análisis comparativo del comportamiento de varios modelos de confiabilidad, Musa-Okumoto, Goel-Okumoto, Delayed S-shaped, Logístico y un modelo basado en contagio propuesto por los autores. Los resultados evidencian la necesidad de un análisis multietapa donde se hace necesario ajustar la primera etapa de fallas creciente y la predicción del momento donde comienza el crecimiento de la confiabilidad.Sociedad Argentina de Informática e Investigación Operativ