279 research outputs found
Laser modulated optical reflectance of thin semiconductor films on glass
Semiconductor films, deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering on glass substrates have been analyzed with the help of laser-modulated optical reflectance. The results are discussed with respect to the thermal and charge carrier transport properties. Semiconductor properties have been identified both for micro-crystalline and amorphous film
Quantitative Contactless Photothermal Monitoring Of Drying In Foodstuff Materials
The role of a quantitative method, based on contactless photothermal monitoring, in the drying process of food products was described. The influence of moisture content on the effective thermal transport properties of the materials was used in the study. The transperency consideration in the foodstuff provided direct information related to the optical and thermal parameters. The infrared detection formed the basis for analyzing the frequency dependent thermal wave signals at different drying states.741 II744746Delgadillo-Holtfort, I., (2000) Quantitative Infrared Thermograph 5, QIRT 2000, pp. 103-104. , Reims, France, edited by D. Balageas et alDelgadillo-Holtfort, I., (2001) Anal. Sci., 17, p. 507Bein, B.K., (1999) BAM-DGZfP-Berichtsband, BB 69-CD, pp. M1Xiao, P., (2001) Anal. Sci., 17, pp. s349Bolte, J., (1997) High Temp.-High Press., 29, p. 567Bein, B.K., (1986) Can. J. Phys., 64, p. 1208Bein, B.K., (1997) High Temp.-High Press., 29, p. 43
Theory of Banana Liquid Crystal Phases and Phase Transitions
We study phases and phase transitions that can take place in the newly
discovered banana (bow-shaped or bent-core) liquid crystal molecules. We show
that to completely characterize phases exhibited by such bent-core molecules a
third-rank tensor order parameter is necessary in addition to the
vector and the nematic (second-rank) tensor order parameters. We present an
exhaustive list of possible liquid phases, characterizing them by their
space-symmetry group and order parameters, and catalog the universality classes
of the corresponding phase transitions that we expect to take place in such
bent-core molecular liquid crystals. In addition to the conventional
liquid-crystal phases such as the nematic phase, we predict the existence of
novel liquid phases, including the spontaneously chiral nematic
and chiral polar phases, the orientationally-ordered but
optically isotropic tetrahedratic phase, and a novel nematic phase
with symmetry that is neither uniaxial nor biaxial. Interestingly, the
Isotropic-Tetrahedratic transition is {\em continuous} in mean-field theory,
but is likely driven first-order by thermal fluctuations. We conclude with a
discussion of smectic analogs of these phases and their experimental
signatures.Comment: 28 pgs. RevTex, 32 eps figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.
Effective index of refraction, optical rotation, and circular dichroism in isotropic chiral liquid crystals
This paper concerns optical properties of the isotropic phase above the
isotropic-cholesteric transition and of the blue phase BP III. We introduce an
effective index, which describes spatial dispersion effects such as optical
rotation, circular dichroism, and the modification of the average index due to
the fluctuations. We derive the wavelength dependance of these spatial
dispersion effects quite generally without relying on an expansion in powers of
the chirality and without assuming that the pitch of the cholesteric is
much shorter than the wavelength of the light , an approximation which
has been made in previous studies of this problem. The theoretical predictions
are supported by comparing them with experimental spectra of the optical
activity in the BP III phase.Comment: 15 pages and 7 figures. Submitted to PR
Modulated photothermal measurements applied to multi-layer superinsulation foils
Abstract -Photothermal measurements based on modulated heating in the visible spectral range and IR detection of the thermal response are used to determine the effective thermal transport properties and the shielding properties of multi-layer superinsulation foils consisting of different numbers of aluminized mylar layers and spacer layers. The measurements have been run at ambient temperature, both at ambient pressure and at reduced pressures between 1 mbar and 300 mbar
Mathematical Properties of a New Levin-Type Sequence Transformation Introduced by \v{C}\'{\i}\v{z}ek, Zamastil, and Sk\'{a}la. I. Algebraic Theory
\v{C}\'{\i}\v{z}ek, Zamastil, and Sk\'{a}la [J. Math. Phys. \textbf{44}, 962
- 968 (2003)] introduced in connection with the summation of the divergent
perturbation expansion of the hydrogen atom in an external magnetic field a new
sequence transformation which uses as input data not only the elements of a
sequence of partial sums, but also explicit estimates
for the truncation errors. The explicit
incorporation of the information contained in the truncation error estimates
makes this and related transformations potentially much more powerful than for
instance Pad\'{e} approximants. Special cases of the new transformation are
sequence transformations introduced by Levin [Int. J. Comput. Math. B
\textbf{3}, 371 - 388 (1973)] and Weniger [Comput. Phys. Rep. \textbf{10}, 189
- 371 (1989), Sections 7 -9; Numer. Algor. \textbf{3}, 477 - 486 (1992)] and
also a variant of Richardson extrapolation [Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London A
\textbf{226}, 299 - 349 (1927)]. The algebraic theory of these transformations
- explicit expressions, recurrence formulas, explicit expressions in the case
of special remainder estimates, and asymptotic order estimates satisfied by
rational approximants to power series - is formulated in terms of hitherto
unknown mathematical properties of the new transformation introduced by
\v{C}\'{\i}\v{z}ek, Zamastil, and Sk\'{a}la. This leads to a considerable
formal simplification and unification.Comment: 41 + ii pages, LaTeX2e, 0 figures. Submitted to Journal of
Mathematical Physic
THERMAL-WAVE MEASUREMENTS OF MULTI-LAYER SUPERINSULATION FOILS
Abstract Thermal wave measurements rely on modulated laser heating and IR detection of the thermal response, using a MCT detector with IR optics and lock-in amplifier. Both, the amplitude and the phase retardation of the thermal wave response with respect to the heating modu-lation, provide information on the effective thermal transport properties of the measured samples. Here we apply this method to determine the shielding properties of multilayer superinsulation foils, used for the thermal insulation of superconducting magnetic coils in particle accelerators, e.g. in LHC at CERN. The measurements, performed at ambient temperature and ambient and reduced pressure, have been interpreted using a theoreti-cal model, including both conductive and radiative heat transport. The results show that the radiative heat transport can be well identified, although the conductive heat transport is dominant across multi-layer samples. At reduced pressures, the conductive heat transport decrea-ses considerably and, depending on the number of spacer layers, the radiative heat transport can become dominant. Applying this new photothermal technique, the shielding efficiencies of multi-layer superinsulation foils have been compared in this work for the first time
Convergence Acceleration via Combined Nonlinear-Condensation Transformations
A method of numerically evaluating slowly convergent monotone series is
described. First, we apply a condensation transformation due to Van Wijngaarden
to the original series. This transforms the original monotone series into an
alternating series. In the second step, the convergence of the transformed
series is accelerated with the help of suitable nonlinear sequence
transformations that are known to be particularly powerful for alternating
series. Some theoretical aspects of our approach are discussed. The efficiency,
numerical stability, and wide applicability of the combined
nonlinear-condensation transformation is illustrated by a number of examples.
We discuss the evaluation of special functions close to or on the boundary of
the circle of convergence, even in the vicinity of singularities. We also
consider a series of products of spherical Bessel functions, which serves as a
model for partial wave expansions occurring in quantum electrodynamic bound
state calculations.Comment: 24 pages, LaTeX, 12 tables (accepted for publication in Comput. Phys.
Comm.
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