Are There Cultural Differences in the Self-Report of Symptoms of PMS in Adolescents?: A Comparison Study of Chippewa Native Americans and Caucasian Americans

Subjects completed a series of questionnaires as a means to obtain symptoms experienced across three phases of the cycle (menstrual, premenstrual, and intermenstrual). The questionnaires completed included the Demographic Data Questionnaire, the Moos\u27 Menstrual Distress Questionnaire, the Depression Adjective Check List (Forms A and D), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Forms Y-1 and Y-2), and Index Cards for two consecutive months. There were nintey-nine (99) subjects: forty-seven (47) Caucasian American adolescents and fifty-two (52) Chippewa Native American adolescents. Two subjects were dropped from this study, one from each group, due to the exclusion criteria established prior to data collection, leaving forty-six (46) and fifty-one (51) subjects per group respectively. Comparisons of the self-reported anxiety, depression, menstrual symptoms, and demographics between the two groups were conducted to determine if differences existed between the two groups. More specifically, comparisons were made to determine if differences during premenstrual phase per se or any other symptoms reported existed between the two groups of adolescents studied. Analyses compared the two groups in terms of demographic data differences and/or symptom differences. It was hypothesized that no differences would exist in terms of types and severity of symptoms as a function of the phase of cycle for the two groups studied. Results indicated that, in general, the Chippewa Native American group reported more anxiety, depression, water retention, negative affect, autonomic reaction, control, and behavioral change symptoms with the majority of the symptoms occurring in the intermenstrua1 phase of the cycle. In terms of demographic data, the Chippewa Native American group was significantly younger, regulated menstrual cycles at a younger age, and were more likely to use condoms as a contraceptive method. The Caucasian American group was more likely to medi&te symptoms via non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs such as Advil, were more educated about the menstrual cycle via films, more likely to utilize a health professional as a source of information, and had longer cycles than the Chippewa Native American group. Differences between the two groups were also found for selfreported anxiety and depression, with both types of symptoms occurring primarily in the menstrual phase of the cycle. Exploratory regression analyses suggest some significant predictors of symptoms as well. The data overall suggest differences between the two groups in regard to menstrual cycle symptoms. However, the lack of consistency of the same symptoms to be existent across at least two cycles did not appear to meet criteria for PMS

Long-term and recent changes in sea level in the Falkland Islands

Mean sea level measurements made at Port Louis in the Falkland Islands in 1981-2, 1984 and 2009, together with values from the nearby permanent tide gauge at Port Stanley, have been compared to measurements made at Port Louis in 1842 by James Clark Ross. The long-term rate of change of sea level is estimated to have been +0.75 ± 0.35 mm/year between 1842 and the early 1980s, after correction for air pressure effects and for vertical land movement due to Glacial Isostatic Adjustment (GIA). The 2009 Port Louis data set is of particular importance due to the availability of simultaneous information from Port Stanley. The data set has been employed in two ways, by providing a short recent estimate of mean sea level itself, and by enabling the effective combination of measurements at the two sites. The rate of sea level rise observed since 1992, when the modern Stanley gauge was installed, has been larger at 2.51 ± 0.58 mm/year, after correction for air pressure and GIA. This rate compares to a value of 2.79 ± 0.42 mm/year obtained from satellite altimetry in the region over the same period. Such a relatively recent acceleration in the rate of sea level rise is consistent with findings from other locations in the southern hemisphere and globall

Secular sea level change in the Russian sector of the Arctic Ocean

Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2004. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research 109 (2004): C03042, doi:10.1029/2003JC002007.Sea level is a natural integral indicator of climate variability. It reflects changes in practically all dynamic and thermodynamic processes of terrestrial, oceanic, atmospheric, and cryospheric origin. The use of estimates of sea level rise as an indicator of climate change therefore incurs the difficulty that the inferred sea level change is the net result of many individual effects of environmental forcing. Since some of these effects may offset others, the cause of the sea level response to climate change remains somewhat uncertain. This paper is focused on an attempt to provide first-order answers to two questions, namely, what is the rate of sea level change in the Arctic Ocean, and furthermore, what is the role of each of the individual contributing factors to observed Arctic Ocean sea level change? In seeking answers to these questions we have discovered that during the period 1954–1989 the observed sea level over the Russian sector of the Arctic Ocean is rising at a rate of approximately 0.123 cm yr−1 and that after correction for the process of glacial isostatic adjustment this rate is approximately 0.185 cm yr−1. There are two major causes of this rise. The first is associated with the steric effect of ocean expansion. This effect is responsible for a contribution of approximately 0.064 cm yr−1 to the total rate of rise (35%). The second most important factor is related to the ongoing decrease of sea level atmospheric pressure over the Arctic Ocean, which contributes 0.056 cm yr−1, or approximately 30% of the net positive sea level trend. A third contribution to the sea level increase involves wind action and the increase of cyclonic winds over the Arctic Ocean, which leads to sea level rise at a rate of 0.018 cm yr−1 or approximately 10% of the total. The combined effect of the sea level rise due to an increase of river runoff and the sea level fall due to a negative trend in precipitation minus evaporation over the ocean is close to 0. For the Russian sector of the Arctic Ocean it therefore appears that approximately 25% of the trend of 0.185 cm yr−1, a contribution of 0.048 cm yr−1, may be due to the effect of increasing Arctic Ocean mass.This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under grant 0136432

Effect of thermal exposure, forming, and welding on high-temperature, dispersion-strengthened aluminum alloy: Al-8Fe-1V-2Si

The feasibility of applying conventional hot forming and welding methods to high temperature aluminum alloy, Al-8Fe-1V-2Si (FVS812), for structural applications and the effect of thermal exposure on mechanical properties were determined. FVS812 (AA8009) sheet exhibited good hot forming and resistance welding characteristics. It was brake formed to 90 deg bends (0.5T bend radius) at temperatures greater than or equal to 390 C (730 F), indicating the feasibility of fabricating basic shapes, such as angles and zees. Hot forming of simple contoured-flanged parts was demonstrated. Resistance spot welds with good static and fatigue strength at room and elevated temperatures were readily produced. Extended vacuum degassing during billet fabrication reduced porosity in fusion and resistance welds. However, electron beam welding was not possible because of extreme degassing during welding, and gas-tungsten-arc welds were not acceptable because of severely degraded mechanical properties. The FVS812 alloy exhibited excellent high temperature strength stability after thermal exposures up to 315 C (600 F) for 1000 h. Extended billet degassing appeared to generally improve tensile ductility, fatigue strength, and notch toughness. But the effects of billet degassing and thermal exposure on properties need to be further clarified. The manufacture of zee-stiffened, riveted, and resistance-spot-welded compression panels was demonstrated

Scale invariant correlations and the distribution of prime numbers

Negative correlations in the distribution of prime numbers are found to display a scale invariance. This occurs in conjunction with a nonstationary behavior. We compare the prime number series to a type of fractional Brownian motion which incorporates both the scale invariance and the nonstationary behavior. Interesting discrepancies remain. The scale invariance also appears to imply the Riemann hypothesis and we study the use of the former as a test of the latter.Comment: 13 pages, 8 figures, version to appear in J. Phys.

The lived experience of Anishinaabe people with cancer: a focus on Indigenous healing, Western medicine and Minobimaadiziwin

Cancer is a leading cause of death in Anishinaabe people and the incidence is increasing. Despite reported successes of integrating Indigenous healing and Western medicine in the treatment of addictions, domestic violence, mental health, palliative care and chronic illness, there is a paucity of such information for cancer. A number of studies highlighted the need for awareness for policy makers and physicians of the contribution of Indigenous healing to cancer care, as well as the need for cultural safety. This Indigenous inquiry examined potential benefits and challenges of including Indigenous healing in cancer care. Using a participatory approach, I investigated how the cancer experience was affected when Anishinaabe people included both Indigenous and Western medicine in treatment and when they did not. This inquiry also examined how Indigenous healing assisted in achieving Minobimaadiziwin, an Anishinaabe understanding of health. Interviews were conducted with thirteen adults diagnosed with cancer from five Manitoulin First Nation communities. Seventeen key informant interviews were conducted with those working from Indigenous and Western health perspectives. A conversational method was employed in this Indigenous research as it honoured the oral tradition of the Anishinaabe and was concerned with co-creating knowledge in a relational context. Understanding stories involved Indigenous knowledge and Western theory, framed as two-eyed seeing. Participants recognized that Minobimaadiziwin could not be realized with Western medicine alone. With the inclusion of IH/TM and recognition of the spiritual component of life, a person can approach Minobimaadiziwin despite the obstacle of cancer along their path. This is best iv facilitated by braiding the two types of healing. Dissemination of results took two forms: a collective, teaching story for the Anishinaabe people concerning cancer and Minobimaadiziwin and publications concerning potential benefits of and challenges with pluralistic medicine for Anishinaabe cancer care.Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Rural and Northern Healt

Correction to "Long-term and recent changes in sea level in the Falkland Islands"

In the paper “Long-term and recent changes in sea level in the Falkland Islands” by P. L. Woodworth et al. (Journal of Geophysical Research, 115, C09025, doi:10.1029/2010JC006113, 2010), in paragraph 47 we adopted a value of −0.52 mm/yr for the estimated rate of present-day sea level change in the Falkland Islands due to glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA). This value was used to remove the contributions of GIA to our measurements of historical and recent rates of sea level change. However, it was based on a misreading of the data file of Peltier [2004] on the Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level Web site (http://www.psmsl.org/train_and_info/geo_signals/gia/peltier). More reasonable values to apply to the observed changes since the mid-nineteenth century and in recent years would be −0.69 and −0.61 mm/yr respectively. Consequently, the long-term rate of sea level change between 1842 and the early 1980s, after correction for air pressure effects and for GIA, reported as +0.75 ± 0.35 mm/yr in paragraphs 1, 47, 55, and 61 should be +0.92 ± 0.35 mm/yr, the corresponding rate between 1842 and the midpoint of recent data of 1.06 ± 0.22 mm/yr in paragraphs 48 and 55 should be 1.23 ± 0.22 mm/yr, and the corresponding rate since 1992 reported as 2.51 ± 0.58 mm/yr in paragraphs 1 and 52 becomes 2.60 ± 0.58 mm/yr. The middle of paragraph 63 becomes “The Stanley data suggest that the rate of change of sea level in East Falkland since 1992 has been approximately 2.6 mm/yr, a rate supported by information from satellite altimetry.” These small GIA model corrections have no bearing on the main findings of our paper on the difference in the rates of sea level change between the historical (1842 to present-day) and recent (last 2 decades) epoch

Test in a beam of large-area Micromegas chambers for sampling calorimetry

Application of Micromegas for sampling calorimetry puts specific constraints on the design and performance of this gaseous detector. In particular, uniform and linear response, low noise and stability against high ionisation density deposits are prerequisites to achieving good energy resolution. A Micromegas-based hadronic calorimeter was proposed for an application at a future linear collider experiment and three technologically advanced prototypes of 1$\times$1 m$^{2}$ were constructed. Their merits relative to the above-mentioned criteria are discussed on the basis of measurements performed at the CERN SPS test-beam facility