NLD and BPPD: Rules for classification and a comparison of psychosocial subtypes.

There were two goals of the present study: (1) to revise and improve rules for classification of two learning disability subtypes, namely Basic Phonological Processing Disorder (BPPD) and Nonverbal Learning Disabilities (NLD); and (2) to validate those rules for classification by differentiating children classified as BPPD and NLD through comparisons of their psychosocial functioning. The first goal of the study was addressed using a sample of 207 clinic-referred children with a learning disability. The rules for classification of BPPD and NLD were refined and changes made in order to improve the utility of the rules and render them easier to use. Subsequently, the second goal was met when the revised rules for classification were applied to a new sample of 617 clinic-referred children with a learning disability, forming two groups whose differing patterns of psychosocial functioning on two separate measures were used to provide validation for the rules for classification. Additional information was also obtained with regard to the patterns of psychosocial functioning characteristic of these two groups. For BPPD, that pattern was consistent with a normal degree of psychosocial adjustment. Psychosocial dysfunction was of low severity, when present. The BPPD group also demonstrated a trend towards an increasing incidence of somatic concerns with advancing age. For the NLD group, the characteristic pattern of psychosocial functioning was suggestive of internalized psychopathology with a severe degree of dysfunction, when present. The NLD group also demonstrated an increasing incidence of severe and internalized forms of psychosocial dysfunction with age. These findings confirm the idea that an individual\u27s psychosocial functioning is tied to his or her particular pattern of neuropsychological assets and deficits, which allows predictions to be made for these two learning disability subtypes. The implications of the findings of this study are discussed, as are limitations and suggestions for future research.Dept. of Psychology. Paper copy at Leddy Library: Theses & Major Papers - Basement, West Bldg. / Call Number: Thesis1999 .P45. Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 61-09, Section: B, page: 5030. Adviser: Byron P. Rourke. Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Windsor (Canada), 2000

Les cartes dans la communication internationale sous le Consulat et l’Empire

Les cartes sont faciles d’accès et généralement compréhensibles par celui qui ne pratique pas la langue du pays concerné. En France, les exigences du Premier consul et de l’Empereur donnent aux ingénieurs du Dépôt de la Guerre des missions difficiles, matérialisées par la carte d’Europe, dite carte de l’Empereur, qui comprend en 1809, 420 feuilles au 1/100 000, soumises à de nombreuses manipulations. En 1810, Napoléon demande la production d’un second exemplaire pour prévenir les accidents survenus au cours de son utilisation. La campagne de Russie sonne le glas des collections que l’Empereur et son État-Major ont fait voyager.Les armées, devenues très mobiles, demandent des cartes en nombre, à moyenne échelle que seule la gravure permet d’obtenir. Louis Guislain Bacler d’Albe (1761-1824), inquiet pour l’avenir de ces documents maltraités par les armées napoléoniennes, a pu écrire : « Ce diable de service de campagne est le destructeur des cartes. Il en faut dans le sac de l’aide de camp, il en faut sur la poitrine de l’écuyer de service, qu’on ploie, qu’on déploie, qu’on déchire, qu’on met à la pluie, au vent, au feu, à la chandelle, etc. » En outre, les cartes de France, que la Révolution a perçues comme parties du trésor national, indispensables à la défense du territoire, sont désormais mises sous surveillance alors que les militaires, dans leurs conquêtes, s’efforcent d’obtenir les cuivres des pays envahis quel que soit leur possesseur.C’est au moment de Marengo (15 juin 1800) que se marque la transition vers une politique de légitimation par la gloire et qu’est célébré l’héroïsme militaire par les cartes et les vues de bataille auxquelles contribuent ingénieurs militaires et peintres sous l’œil critique de Napoléon

Quelle Europe pour les cartographes des XVIe et XVIIe siècles ?

Les cartes d’Europe gravées aux XVIe et XVIIe siècles s’insèrent dans une géographie exprimée aussi par des textes et des images – vues et plans de villes, costumes portés par les habitants –, qui les complètent utilement. Elles sont d’abord destinées aux amateurs d’histoire, soucieux de localiser les événements qu’ils étudient. Elles intéressent aussi celui qui admire les merveilles de la Création et le marchand désireux d’étendre ses activités commerciales en Europe et même au-delà. Elles se développent grâce au soutien des pouvoirs économique et politique parce qu’elles procurent d’utiles informations. Leurs qualités géographique et esthétique progressent, mais, lorsqu’elles se stabilisent, les cartes ont tendance à se figer dans des éditions que seule la date d’impression permet de distinguer. Malgré ce défaut, les textes et les illustrations qui les accompagnent restent de bons indicateurs de la perception de l’Europe par les hommes des XVIe et XVIIe siècles.The engraved Europe maps of 16th and 17th centuries were part of the geography also expressed by texts and images – views and maps of cities, inhabitant clothes –, which were useful complements. They were mainly intended for history readers anxious to locate studied events. They were also used by those admiring the marvels of the created world and by tradesmen willing to expand their activities in and beyond Europe. They were supported by economic and political powers because they were providing useful information. Their geographic and aesthetic qualities were improving, but maps finished up stabilizing, always offering the same data in editions which only differed by imprint dates. In spite of this failing, the accompanying texts and illustrations were remaining good guides on Europe perception by people living in the 16th and 17th centuries

Le monde sans l'Amérique

Ces deux figurations du monde: le globe de Martin Behaim, et une carte nautique dite «de Christophe Colomb», datent de l'année même de la découverte de l'Amérique

Hyperoxemia and excess oxygen use in early acute respiratory distress syndrome : Insights from the LUNG SAFE study

Publisher Copyright: © 2020 The Author(s). Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Background: Concerns exist regarding the prevalence and impact of unnecessary oxygen use in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We examined this issue in patients with ARDS enrolled in the Large observational study to UNderstand the Global impact of Severe Acute respiratory FailurE (LUNG SAFE) study. Methods: In this secondary analysis of the LUNG SAFE study, we wished to determine the prevalence and the outcomes associated with hyperoxemia on day 1, sustained hyperoxemia, and excessive oxygen use in patients with early ARDS. Patients who fulfilled criteria of ARDS on day 1 and day 2 of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure were categorized based on the presence of hyperoxemia (PaO2 > 100 mmHg) on day 1, sustained (i.e., present on day 1 and day 2) hyperoxemia, or excessive oxygen use (FIO2 ≥ 0.60 during hyperoxemia). Results: Of 2005 patients that met the inclusion criteria, 131 (6.5%) were hypoxemic (PaO2 < 55 mmHg), 607 (30%) had hyperoxemia on day 1, and 250 (12%) had sustained hyperoxemia. Excess FIO2 use occurred in 400 (66%) out of 607 patients with hyperoxemia. Excess FIO2 use decreased from day 1 to day 2 of ARDS, with most hyperoxemic patients on day 2 receiving relatively low FIO2. Multivariate analyses found no independent relationship between day 1 hyperoxemia, sustained hyperoxemia, or excess FIO2 use and adverse clinical outcomes. Mortality was 42% in patients with excess FIO2 use, compared to 39% in a propensity-matched sample of normoxemic (PaO2 55-100 mmHg) patients (P = 0.47). Conclusions: Hyperoxemia and excess oxygen use are both prevalent in early ARDS but are most often non-sustained. No relationship was found between hyperoxemia or excessive oxygen use and patient outcome in this cohort. Trial registration: LUNG-SAFE is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02010073publishersversionPeer reviewe