SAHNE VE SEYİRCİ ETKİLEŞİMİNİN TARİHSEL GELİŞİMİNDE GÖSTERGE BİLİMSEL AÇIDAN BİR ANALİZ

Bu çalışmada sahne ve seyirci etkileşiminin gelişimi, tiyatronun tarihi ile birlikte ele alınmış, Antik Yunan’dan günümüze kadar geçirdiği evrelere değinilmiş, göstergebilim çerçevesinde yaklaşımlarla bağdaştırılarak, mekansal boyutu ile, çok yönlü olarak incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın yöntemi, tiyatronun oluşumu ve gelişiminin incelenmesine bağlıolarak, sahne ve seyirci olgusuna değinilmesiyle, göstergebilimin kuramlarıçerçevesinde analiz edilmesi şeklinde olmuştur. Bu yöntem paralelinde elde edilen genel bulgular ise, sahnenin genel anlamda tiyatronun bir anlatım dili ve göstergesi olmasının sonucu olarak dönemlerle eşgüdüm içinde nasıl şekillendiğini ve geliştiğini yansıtmaktadır

Research on Drawing Attention to Overlooked Viruses in Plant Viruses Causing Yellowing-Type Symptoms in Cucurbitaceae

A single-stranded, positive-sense plant RNA virus called the Cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus (CCYV, Crinivirus, Closteroviridae) is comprised of RNA1 and RNA2. It is semipersistently transmitted by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci biotypes MEAM1 and MED. In 2004, CCYV was discovered on melon plants in Japan. Several other cucurbit species, as well as a range of non-species, were subsequently reported from countries such as Saudi Arabia, California, Israel, Taiwan, Sudan, Lebanon, Iran, Greece, Türkiye, Egypt, Spain, and China. Whitefly populations are frequently encountered in cucurbit cultivating areas. Virus plant diseases attributed to whiteflies are common in squash cultivation in the open field and greenhouses in Türkiye, especially in cucumbers and squash. Cucumber vein yellowing virus (CVYV), Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (CYSDV), Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV), Squash vein-yellowing virus (SqVYV) are the leading virus diseases transmitted by Bemisia tabaci. Symptoms caused specifically by these viral diseases are of the yellowing type, although they differ as intervascular yellowing, yellowing of old or young leaves, and upward curling. Besides these viruses, CCYV, a problem in cucurbits, is carried by whitefly like others, causes yellowing type symptoms, and its first record in cucumber was reported in 2017 in Türkiye. However, this virus is ignored in the production of cucurbits, it is a problem in production areas. There are major viruses cause similar symptoms with the presence of the Cucumber chlorotic yellows virus is overlooked in the symptomatological observation. In this study, we tried to reveal the difference of CCYV, which is encountered in cucurbit growing areas in Antalya and whose presence was detected by RT-PCR, from other viruses and emphasized its importance as a virus that should be considered in classical breeding studies

A synchronous occurrence of urothelial carcinoma with abundant myxoid stroma and inverted papilloma of the urinary bladder

Abundant myxoid stroma rarely occurs in urothelial carcinomas, and may cause diagnostic challenges when cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm forming nests and cords in a myxoid background are seen, particularly in the absence of typical carcinomatous appearance. Microscopic examination of transurethral resection specimen of a 71-year-old male patient revealed non-cohesive oval or elongated tumor cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm arranged in cord-like filigree pattern in an abundant myxoid stroma. Immunohisto chemically the tumor was positive for cytokeratin 7, cytokeratin 20, and 34BE12. About 90 to 100% nuclear staining was observed with p63, p53, and Ki-67. A second neoplasm with a flat overlying urothelial epithelium and a complete inverted cellular growth pattern was also noted. The neoplasm exhibited less than 2% and 10% nuclear staining with Ki-67 and p53, respectively. Considering histological, histochemical, and immunohistochemical findings, a diagnosis of synchronous urothelial carcinoma with abundant myxoid stroma and inverted papilloma was made

DETERMINATION OF SOME MORPHOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SARSAPARILLA (Smilax aspera L. and Smilax excelsa L.)

Two sarsaparilla species Smilax aspera L. and Smilax excelsa L. shows natural distribution in Hatay flora. In the study, besides some phenological and morphological characteristics, antioxidant capacity and fixed oil contents and components of Smilax species collected from different locations were determined. In the study, the highest 100 fruit weights with 37.69 g were obtained from the sample of S. aspera L. species collected from Yayladagi 2 location and the highest 100 seed weight with 24.47 g from Yayladagi 1 location. In terms of antioxidantcapacity of the leaves and fruits, nonsignificant differences were observed among the species and locations. The antioxidant capacities of leaves were changed 62.28 to 64.57 mmol.Fe+2/kg while fruit antioxidant capacities were ranged 63.91 to 66.31 mmol. Fe+2/kg. The highest value of seed fixed oil with 12.03% were obtained from the S. aspera L. sample collected in Iskenderun location. Major fatty acid component were found as vaccenic acid in general for all samples. The highest content of vaccenic acid found as 37.50% from S. aspera seed samples of Yayladagi 2 location

Inverted (hobnail) high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive inverted pattern

High-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) is considered to be an important precursor for prostatic adenocarcinoma. The present study aimed to investigate the histological features of the uncommon inverted (hobnail) pattern of HGPIN in transrectal ultrasonographic (TRUS) prostatic needle biopsies from 13 cases. These 13 diagnosed cases of inverted HGPIN were identified out of a total of 2,034 TRUS biopsies (0.63%), obtained from patients suspected to have prostate cancer. The hobnail pattern is comprised of secretory cell nuclei, which are histologically localized at the luminal surface of the prostate gland, rather than the periphery, and exhibit reverse polarity. Histological examinations were performed and the results demonstrated that 5 of the 13 cases exhibited pure inverted histology, while HGPIN was observed to be histologically associated with other patterns in the remaining 8 patients. In addition, an association with adenocarcinoma was identified in 7 of the 13 cases. All 7 carcinomas accompanied by inverted HGPIN were conventional acinar adenocarcinoma cases; of note, for these 7 cases, the Gleason score was 7 for each. One acinar adenocarcinoma case accompanying inverted HGPIN demonstrated hobnail characteristics in large areas of the invasive component. It was observed that nuclei were proliferated in the invasive cribriform glands, which was comparable to that of inverted HGPIN, and were located on the cytoplasmic luminal surface; a similar morphology was also observed in individual glands. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggested that the hobnail HGPIN pattern may be of diagnostic importance due to its high association with adenocarcinoma and the high Gleason scores in the accompanying carcinomas

Use of pumpkin and its effect on quality in ice cream production

Bu çalışma bal kabağı, zencefil, tarçın ve hindistan cevizinin dondurmanın kalitesi (duyusal, kimyasal ve mikrobiyel) üzerine olan etkisini incelemek amacıyla yapıldı. Bu amaçla 4 grup dondurma yapıldı ve -18°C’de muhafaza edildi. Örneklerin 0., 10., 20. ve 30. günlerinde mikrobiyolojik, kimyasal ve duyusal analizleri yapıldı. İstatistiksel olarak gruplar arasında kuru madde, yağsız kuru madde ve yağ değerleri bakımından önemli farklar tespit edildi (p < 0.05). Sonuç olarak, bu araştırmada şeker miktarı oldukça düşük, daha diyetik, besleyici değeri yüksek, bal kabaklı kaliteli dondurma üretiminin mümkün olabileceği ve dondurmaların -18 °C’de muhafaza edilmesiyle kalitelerini en az 30 gün koruyabildiği tespit edildi.This study was conducted to investigate the effect of pumpkin, ginger, cinnamon, and coconut on the quality of ice cream (sensory. chemical and microbial). For this purpose. 4 groups ice cream were made and were stored at - 18 °C. Samples were subjected to microbiological (total aerobic mesophile bacteria. yeast. and mold). chemical (dry matter. non-fat dry matter. oil and pH) and sensory (color and appearance. structure and consistency. taste and smell) analysis on days 0th. 10th. 20th and 30th of the storage. Statistically significant differences were found between the groups in terms of dry matter. non-fat dry matter and fat values (p <0.05). As a result. it is shown that the production of ice cream with quite low sugar which makes the product more dietetic and highly nutritious. and it was detected that the ice-creams could maintain their quality for at least 30 days at -18 °C

The Histomorphogenetic Relationship between Melanocytes and Langerhans Cells in Ovarian Mature Cystic Teratomas

Amaç: Biz bu çalışmada; hücre birimleri, organizasyon ve arşitektürel yapılanmalar bakımından orijinaline yakın sayılabilecek genel anlamda bir vücut yapımı gösteren matür kistik teratomlarda epidermisteki melanositler ve Langerhans hücrelerinin varlığı, birbiri ile sayısal ilişkileri ve birlikte bulunmaları halinde embriyolojik kaynakları hakkında fikir yürütebilmeyi amaçladık. Yöntemler: Sağlık Bakanlığı İstanbul Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Patoloji Bölümü'nde 2006-2009 yılları arasında rapor edilen 45 matür kistik teratom olgusu çalışmaya alındı. İmmünohistokimyasal olarak; melanositler için Human Melanoma Black-45 (HMB-45) ve Melanoma Antigens (Melan-A) recognized by T cells-1), Langerhans hücreleri için Cluster of Differentiation 1a (CD1a) ve Langerin uygulandı. Bulgular: Langerhans hücreleri olguların %100'ünde tespit edilmekle birlikte, melanositler %88,2'sinde mevcuttu. Sonuç: Bizim çalışmamıza göre Langerhans hücrelerinin, melanositlerin köken aldığı bilinen nöral krest dışında bir kaynaktan gelişmiş olabileceği ve bu iki hücre arasında ilişki olamayabileceği sonucuna vardık.Objective: The purpose of this study was to form a view about the existence, numerical relationship and embryological origin of melanocytes and Langerhans cells when they are found together in mature cystic teratomas which have similar cell types and architectural structure to the original vertebrated body. Methods: Forty five mature cystic teratomas cases, diagnosed in the Ministry of Health İstanbul Education and Research Hospital Pathology Department between 2006-2009 were included in the study. Immunohistochemically, Human Melanoma Black-45 (HMB-45) and Melanoma Antigens (Melan-A) recognized by T cells-1) for melanocytes, Cluster of Differentiation 1a (CD1a) and Langerin for Langerhans cells were applied. Results: Although Langerhans cells were detected in 100%, melanocytes were established in 88.2% of cases. Conclusion: According to our study, Langerhans cells could derive from another source except the neural crest where melanocytes evolve and there is no relationship between them

Air pollution in Aydın city between 1997-2004

Amaç: Çalısmanın amacı, 1997-2004 yılları arasında Aydın ili kent merkezindeki hava kirliligini degerlendirmektir. Yöntem: Bu kesitsel çalısmada, 1997-2004 yılları arasındaAydın merkezindeki kükürtdioksit ve partikül madde düzeyleri incelenmistir. Veriler,Aydın Il Saglık Müdürlügü Çevre Saglıgı Subesi'nden elde edilmistir. Ölçümler sürekli örnekleme yapan yarı otomatik kükürtdioksit ve duman ölçer cihazı (Burch-Bulap 201-8, 87036) ile Halk Saglıgı Laboratuarınca yapılmıstır. Ölçümler kent merkezindeki 14 farklı bölgeden, sabah (08.00-09.00) ve aksam (16.00-17.00) olmak üzere iki kez yapılmıstır. 1997-2003 yılları arasında elde edilen ölçümlerin ortalama degerleri aylara/yıllara göre karsılastırılmıstır. Ölçümler Hava Kalitesinin Korunması Yönetmeligi degerleri ile karsılastırılmıstır. Bulgular: Yedi yıllık süreçte kükürtdioksit ve partikül madde degerleri incelendiginde yıllara göre hava kirliligi düzeylerinde herhangi bir farklılık tespit edilmemistir (kükürtdioksit ve partikül madde için sırasıyla: p=0,526, p=0,822).Yedi yıllık ortalama kükürtdioksit düzeyi 41,26±24 ; ,86 !gr/m partikül madde düzeyi de 27,66±16,23 olarak tespit edilmistir. Aylara göre hava kirliligi düzeyleri karsılastırıldıgında en yüksek degerler kıs aylarında, özellikle Ocak ayındadır (p=0,000). Sonuç: Aydın'da hava kirliligi ölçümleri, Hava Kalitesinin Korunması Yönetmeligi'nin öngördügü uzun/kısa vadeli sınır degerleri asmamıstır. 1997-2003 yılları arasında kükürtdioksit ve partikül madde degerleri bakımından yıllara göre herhangi bir farklılık tespit edilmemistir. Bunda, Saglık Müdürlügü Çevre Saglık Subesinin düzenli çalısmasının rolü büyüktür. Her ne kadar sınır degerler asılmasa da kıs aylarında meteorolojik kosullar nedeniyle hava kirliligi parametrelerinde belirgin artıslar saptanmıstır. Mevzuat degisikligi nedeniyle son bir yıldır ölçüm yapılamamakta, hava kirliligi verilerine ulasılamamaktadır. Kirlilik kontrolü ile ilgili olarak alınan önlemler yeterince uygulanmazsa, hava kirliligi parametrelerinde yükselmeler görülebilir. Özellikle kıs aylarında kirlilik düzeylerinde ani yükselmeler olabilecegi için ölçüm ve izlemlerin sürekli yapılması gerekmektedir.Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate air pollution in Aydın city between 1997-2004. Method: In this cross sectional study, the levels of particulates and sulfur dioxide in the city of Aydın have been examined between 1997 and 2004. The data have been acquired from the Environmental Health Division of the Health Directorate of Aydın province. Samples were continuously measured by a semi automatic sulphur dioxide and exhaust sampler (Burch-Bulap 201-8, 87036) at the Public Health Laboratory. Measurements of 14 different areas of the city were made twice daily: in the morning (08.00-09.00) and in the evening (16.00-17.00). Montly and yearly comparisons were made using the average values of measurements taken between 1997-2003 with the standards of the Air Quality Protection Regulations. Findings:During the seven year period of monitorization, differences in levels of sulfur dioxide, particulatesand the level of air pollution were insignificant (for the level of sulphur dioxide and particulates, p=0,526, p=0,822 respectively). The seven year average of the level of sulfur dioxide was 41,26±24,86 μgr/m3; while the particulate matter was 27,66±16,23 μgr/m3. In winter months, especially January air pollution levels were the highest (p=0,000). Conclusion: The air pollution measurements do not exceed the Air Quality Protection Regulation, suggestedlong/short term standards. As for the levels of sulphur dioxide and particulates, there has been no change between the years 1997-2003. The organized projects of the Environmental Health Division of the Health Directorate of Aydın Province has played a significant role concerning these results. Even though the limits have not been exceeded, due to meterological conditions during the winter months, the air pollution parameters show an obvious increase in the air pollution. Because of several regulatory changes, air measurements have not been obtained for the last year, and so no current data are available. If adequate air pollution control measures are not taken, there may be a rise in air pollution parameters. Especially during the winter months, the air pollution levels should be continually monitored as sudden increases may occur

Giant cell tumor-like lesion of the urinary bladder: a report of two cases and literature review; giant cell tumor or undifferentiated carcinoma?

<p>Summary</p> <p>Giant cell tumor, excluding its prototype in bone, is usually a benign but local aggressive neoplasm originating from tendon sheath or soft tissue. Malignant behavior is uncommon. Visceral organ involvement including urinary bladder is rare. Giant cell tumors in visceral organs usually accompany epithelial tumors and the clinical behavior of giant cell tumor in urinary bladder is similar to its bone counterpart. Here, we report two cases of giant cell tumor located in urinary bladder in comparison with nine reported cases in the English literature. Concurrent noninvasive urothelial carcinoma was also described in all these previous reports and only one patient with follow-up died of disease. One of the two cases we present had no concurrent urothelial tumor at the time of diagnosis but had a history of a low grade noninvasive urothelial carcinoma with three recurrences. The histology of these two cases was similar to the giant cell tumor of bone and composed of oval to spindle mononuclear cells with evenly spaced osteoclast-like giant cells. Immunohistochemically, the giant cells showed staining with osteoclastic markers including CD68, TRAP, and LCA. Immunohistochemical expression of vimentin, CD68, LCA, and smooth muscle actin in mononuclear cells supported a mesenchymal origin with histiocytic lineage. The histologic and immunohistochemical properties in our cases as well as their clinical courses were consistent with a giant cell tumor. Consequently, tumors in urinary bladder showing features of giant cell tumor of bone may also be considered and termed "giant cell tumor".</p

Histologic features of spindle cell lipoma and problems in the differential diagnosis

AMAÇ: İğsi hücreli lipomun histolojik ve tipik immunhistokimyasal özelliklerini araştırmak ve diğer subkutan yerleşimli benzer histolojik ve immunhistokimyasal özellikleri olan neoplazmlarla ayırıcı tanısını yapmaktır. YÖNTEMLER: İstanbul Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi patoloji laboratuarında lipom tanısı almış 3100 olguda son Dünya Sağlık Örgütü Yumuşak Doku Tümörleri Sınıflamasına göre alt tipler belirlendi ve bunların içinden 22 İHL çalışmaya alındı. 22 iğsi hücreli lipom olgusunda klinik (yaş, lokalizasyon, cinsiyet, nüks), morfolojik özellikler (tümör boyutu, alt tip, histoloji, mast hücre varlığı ve immunhistokimya), tümörlerin natürü ve ayrıcı tanı problemleri değerlendirildi. BULGULAR: 3100 lipomun alt tiplere göre dağılımı şu şekildeydi: 2864 klasik lipom (%90), 293 anjiyolipom (%9), 1 kondroid lipom (%0.03), 1 miyolipom (%0.03 ve 22 iğsi hücreli lipom (% 0.7). 22 iğsi hücreli lipomların 9’u fibröz, 3’ü miksoid, 1’i anjiyomatoid ve 9’u nonfibröz alt tipti. Erkek kadın oranı 18/4 olarak belirlendi. Olguların 2’si sırt, 3’ü omuz, 1’i ön kol, 1’i oral olup 15’ü baş-boyun bölgesinde lokalize idi. Ortalama tümör çapı 3.2 cm olup en büyük ve küçük çaplar 1 cm ve 6.1 cm olarak ölçüldü. Fibromatöz alt tipte belirgin olmak üzere Toluidin blue boyasıyla her olguda mast hücresi mevcuttu. Mast hücre sayısı on büyük büyütme alanında ortalama 23 olarak bulundu. S–100 tüm iğsi hücrelerde negatif ve yağ hücrelerinde pozitif olarak tespit edildi. CD34 olguların 21’inde pozitif, 1’inde negatif bulundu. Hiçbir olguda nüks izlenmedi. SONUÇ: İğsi hücreli lipom, subkutan lokalizasyonlu, iyi sınırlı, iğsi hücreli komponenti CD34 pozitif, mast hücrelerinden zengin bir tümör olup birçok subkutan tümörle ayırıcı tanı yapılmasını gerektiren nadir bir antitedir.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the histologic and immunohistochemical properties of spindle cell lipoma and to make its differential diagnosis from other subcutaneous neoplasms having similar histologic or immunohistochemical charecteristics. METHODS: 3100 cases of lipoma diagnosed in the Pathology Laboratory of İstanbul Educational and Research Hospital were reclassified according to the recent classification of Soft Tissue Tumors by World Health Organization and 22 spindl cell lipomas were included in the study. Clinical (age, gender, location, and recurrences) and morphologic features (tumor size, subtype, histology, presence of mast cells, and immunohistochemistry) as well as tumor nature and problems in differential diagnosis were evaluated. RESULTS: The histologic subtypes of 3100 lipomas were as follows: 2864 classical lipoma (90 %), 293 angiolipoma (9 %), 1 chondroid lipoma (0.03 %), 1 myolipoma (0.03 %) and 22 spindl cell lipoma (% 0.7). Of the 22 spindl cell lipoma 9 were fibrous, 3 myxoid, 1 angiomatoid and 9 non-fibrous subtypes. Male to female ratio was 18: 4. 2 cases were localized in dorsal region, 3 in shoulders, 1 in forearm, 1 in oral cavity and 15 in head and neck. Average tumor diameter was 3.2 cm ranging from 1 to 6.1 cm. Mast cells highligtened by Toluidin blue were seen in all cases, most prominently in the fibrous subtype. Mast cell count in 10 high power field was 23. S&amp;#8211;100 was negative in all spindle cells while lipomcytes were positive. CD34 was positive in 21 cases and negative in 1 case. No case recurred. CONCLUSION: Spindl cell lipoma is a subcutaneous, well-circumscribed tumor rich in mast cells with a CD34+ spindle cell component and is an uncommon entity requiring differential diagnosis with several subcutaneous tumors