A New overlapping community detection algorithm based on similarity of neighbors in complex networks

summary:Community detection algorithms help us improve the management of complex networks and provide a clean sight of them. We can encounter complex networks in various fields such as social media, bioinformatics, recommendation systems, and search engines. As the definition of the community changes based on the problem considered, there is no algorithm that works universally for all kinds of data and network structures. Communities can be disjointed such that each member is in at most one community or overlapping such that every member is in at least one community. In this study, we examine the problem of finding overlapping communities in complex networks and propose a new algorithm based on the similarity of neighbors. This algorithm runs in $O(m \textit{lg} m)$ running time in the complex network containing $m$ number of relationships. To compare our algorithm with existing ones, we select the most successful four algorithms from the Community Detection library (CDlib) by eliminating the algorithms that require prior knowledge, are unstable, and are time-consuming. We evaluate the successes of the proposed algorithm and the selected algorithms using various known metrics such as modularity, F-score, and Normalized Mutual Information. In addition, we adapt the coverage metric defined for disjoint communities to overlapping communities and also make comparisons with this metric. We also test all of the algorithms on small graphs of real communities. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is successful in finding overlapping communities

Retrospective ınvestigation of ınpatients with urinary ınfection in an university medical center

Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Arastırma ve Uygulama Hastanesi Infeksiyon Hastalıkları ve Klinik Mikrobiyoloji Klinigi'nde yatırılarak tedavi edilen üriner sistem infeksiyonlu hastalar geriye dönük olarak incelenerek tanı ve tedavi yaklasımlarınındegerlendirilmesi amaçlandı. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Arastırma ve Uygulama Hastanesi Infeksiyon Hastalıkları ve Klinik Mikrobiyoloji Klinigi'nde 01.01.200101.01.2009 tarihleri arasında yatırılarak tedavi edilen 73'ü kadın (%68,2), 34'ü erkek (%31,8) toplam 107 hasta geriye dönük olarak degerlendirildi. Hastalarda en sık rastlanılan belirtiler ates, dizüri ve kostavertebral açı hassasiyeti olarak saptandı. Alınan idrar kültürlerinde %68.2, kan kültürlerinde ise % 35.7 oranında üreme saptandı. Idrar ve kan kültürlerinde en sık üreyen mikroorganizma . Hastaların 79'unda (%74,7) tedaviye empirik olarak, diger hastalara ise (n=27 %25,3) kültür-antibiyogram sonucu ile baslanmıstı. Empirik tedavide birinci seçenek olarak seftriaksonun (n=65, %83) kullanıldıgı tespit edildi. Çalısmamızda tedaviye empirik olarak baslama oranının yüksek oldugu dikkatimizi çekmistir. Bu durumun düzeltilebilmesi için empirik tedavi baslama ölçütlerinin belirlenmesi önemlidir.It was aimed to evaluate the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to urinary infections by retrospectively investigating the data belonged to inpatients with urinary infection treated in the clinic of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology ofAdnan Menderes University Medical Center. 107 patients (73 female and 34 male) treated in the Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology of Adnan Menderes University Medical Center between 01.01.2001 and 01.01.2009 were retrospectively investigated. The most commonly observed symptoms in the patients were fever, dysuria and costovertebral angle tenderness. Germinal reproduction was detected in the urinary and blood cultures in a ratio of 68.2% and 35.7%, respectively. was the most commonly detected microorganism in the blood and urine cultures. While 74.7 % of the patients (n=79) were treated by empiric antibiotics due to urgency, 25,3 % of the patients were treated based on culture and antibiogram results. Ceftriaxone was the first choice in the empiric treatment (n=65; 83%). We observed that the rate of starting to therapy empirically was higher. That's why it is important to determine the starting criteria of empiric treatment

Development, characterization, and in vivo assessment of mucoadhesive nanoparticles containing fluconazole for the local treatment of oral candidiasis

This study aimed to develop a suitable buccal mucoadhesive nanoparticle (NP) formulation containing fluconazole for the local treatment of oral candidiasis. The suitability of the prepared formulations was assessed by means of particle size (PS), polydispersity index, and zeta potential measurements, morphology analysis, mucoadhesion studies, drug entrapment efficiency (EE), in vitro drug release, and stability studies. Based on the optimum NP formulation, ex vivo drug diffusion and in vitro cytotoxicity studies were performed. Besides, evaluation of the antifungal effect of the optimum formulation was evaluated using agar diffusion method, fungicidal activity-related in vitro release study, and time-dependent fungicidal activity. The effect of the optimum NP formulation on the healing of oral candidiasis was investigated in an animal model, which was employed for the first time in this study. The zeta potential, mucoadhesion, and in vitro drug release studies of various NP formulations revealed that chitosan-coated NP formulation containing EUDRAGIT(®) RS 2.5% had superior properties than other formulations. Concerning the stability study of the selected formulation, the formulation was found to be stable for 6 months. During the ex vivo drug diffusion study, no drug was found in receptor phase, and this is an indication of local effect. The in vitro antifungal activity studies showed the in vitro efficacy of the NP against Candida albicans for an extended period. Also, the formulation had no cytotoxic effect at the tested concentration. For the in vivo experiments, infected rabbits were successfully treated with local administration of the optimum NP formulation once a day. This study has shown that the mucoadhesive NP formulation containing fluconazole is a promising candidate with once-a-day application for the local treatment of oral candidiasis

Management of granulomatous lobular mastitis: an international multidisciplinary consensus (2021 edition)

Granulomatous lobular mastitis (GLM) is a rare and chronic benign inflammatory disease of the breast. Difficulties exist in the management of GLM for many front-line surgeons and medical specialists who care for patients with inflammatory disorders of the breast. This consensus is summarized to establish evidence-based recommendations for the management of GLM. Literature was reviewed using PubMed from January 1, 1971 to July 31, 2020. Sixty-six international experienced multidisciplinary experts from 11 countries or regions were invited to review the evidence. Levels of evidence were determined using the American College of Physicians grading system, and recommendations were discussed until consensus. Experts discussed and concluded 30 recommendations on historical definitions, etiology and predisposing factors, diagnosis criteria, treatment, clinical stages, relapse and recurrence of GLM. GLM was recommended as a widely accepted definition. In addition, this consensus introduced a new clinical stages and management algorithm for GLM to provide individual treatment strategies. In conclusion, diagnosis of GLM depends on a combination of history, clinical manifestations, imaging examinations, laboratory examinations and pathology. The approach to treatment of GLM should be applied according to the different clinical stage of GLM. This evidence-based consensus would be valuable to assist front-line surgeons and medical specialists in the optimal management of GLM.Improving the Ability of Diagnosis and Treatment of Difficult Disease

Outcomes of high-risk breast lesions diagnosed using image-guided core needle biopsy: results from a multicenter retrospective study

PURPOSEThe clinical management of high-risk lesions using image-guided biopsy is challenging. This study aimed to evaluate the rates at which such lesions were upgraded to malignancy and identify possible predictive factors for upgrading high-risk lesions.METHODSThis retrospective multicenter analysis included 1.343 patients diagnosed with high-risk lesions using an image-guided core needle or vacuum-assisted biopsy (VAB). Only patients managed using an excisional biopsy or with at least one year of documented radiological follow-up were included. For each, the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) category, number of samples, needle thickness, and lesion size were correlated with malignancy upgrade rates in different histologic subtypes. Pearson’s chi-squared test, the Fisher–Freeman–Halton test, and Fisher’s exact test were used for the statistical analyses.RESULTSThe overall upgrade rate was 20.6%, with the highest rates in the subtypes of intraductal papilloma (IP) with atypia (44.7%; 55/123), followed by atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) (38.4%; 144/375), lobular neoplasia (LN) (12.7%; 7/55), papilloma without atypia (9.4%; 58/611), flat epithelial atypia (FEA) (8.7%; 10/114), and radial scars (RSs) (4.6%; 3/65). There was a significant relationship between the upgrade rate and BI-RADS category, number of samples, and lesion size Lesion size was the most predictive factor for an upgrade in all subtypes.CONCLUSIONADH and atypical IP showed considerable upgrade rates to malignancy, requiring surgical excision. The LN, IP without atypia, pure FEA, and RS subtypes showed lower malignancy rates when the BI-RADS category was lower and in smaller lesions that had been adequately sampled using VAB. After being discussed in a multidisciplinary meeting, these cases could be managed with follow-up instead of excision

Comparison of spinal , epidural and general anesthesia methods for lumbar disc surgery

YÖK Tez No: 507875Çalışmamızda elektif lomber disk cerrahisi uygulanacak hastalarda epidural anestezi, spinal anestezi ve genel anestezinin etkinliğini karşılaştırıp, hemodinamik parametreler, yan etkiler, hasta konforu, postoperatif derlenme, analjezik ihtiyacı üzerine etkilerini göstermeyi amaçladık. ASA I-II risk grubundan toplam 60 hasta rastgele üç gruba ayrıldı. Epidural anestezi grubundaki hastalara oturur pozisyonunda 18G Touhy iğne ile epidural aralığa toplam 20-25 ml %0,5 bupivakain verildi. Spinal anestezi grubundaki hastalara da oturur pozisyonda 25 G iğne ile %0,5 heavy bupivakain verildi. Genel anestezi grubundaki hastalara anestezi indüksiyonu 2-3mg/kg propofol, 0,6 mg/kg roküronyum, 1µg/kg fentanyl ile yapıldı. Anestezi idamesi için %50 oksijen, %50 kuru hava toplam 4 lt/dk ve 1-1,5 MAC sevofluran kullanıldı. Her üç grupta da pron pozisyon verilerek cerrahi başlatıldı. Tüm hastaların kan basınçları, KTA, SpO2, operasyon süresi, VAS skorları, postoperatif analjezi, yan etkiler ve komplikasyonlar izlenerek kaydedildi. Gruplar arasında, yaş, cinsiyet, ağırlık, boy, VKİ, ASA skoru, bazal VAS skorları, kan basınçları, KTA, SpO2 değerleri benzerlik bulundu. Her üç grupta da cerrahi boyunca ve uyandırma odası SAB değerleri bazal değerlerine göre anlamlı olarak düşük bulundu (p<0,05). Üç grupta SAB değerinde bazale göre artış sadece genel anestezi grubunda entübasyon sonrası gözlendi. Gruplara göre bradikardi, taşikardi, hipotansiyon, bronkospazm, kanama oranlarında anlamlı fark saptanmadı. İntraoperatif atropin ve efedrin kullanımı açısından anlamlı fark bulunmadı. Genel anestezi grubunda hipertansiyonu varolan bireylerin oranı anlamlı düzeyde yüksek bulundu. Epidural ve spinal anestezi uygulanan her hastada yeterli blok seviyesi sağlandı. İntraoperatif opioid kullanımı açısından fark saptanmazken, VAS cerrahi bitiş, VAS uyandırma giriş, VAS uyandırma çıkış değerleri açısından epidural anestezide anlamlı olarak daha düşük değerler bulundu (p<0,05).Hasta konforu skalasıile değerlendirildiğinde gruplar arasında anlamlı fark saptanmadı. Anestezi süresi, cerrahi süre ve uyandırma odası kalış süresi değerleri açısından gruplar arasında anlamlı fark saptanmadı. Postoperatif dönemde bulantı, kusma, idrar retansiyonu, ek opioid analjezik kullanımı, mobilizasyon süreleri ve taburculuk süreleri değerlendirildi, anlamlı fark bulunmadı. Epidural anestezi uygulanan bir hastada lokal anestezik santral toksisitesi gelişti. Sonuç olarak; lomber disk cerrahisinde epidural, spinal ve genel anestezide hemodinaminin benzer olması, rejyonel anestezi yöntemlerinin hasta konforu ve memnuniyeti açısından etkin, güvenilir ve genel anesteziye alternatif bir yöntem olduğunu düşündürmektedir. Spinal anestezi ve epidural anestezi çoğu merkezde birçok operasyon için güvenle kullanılırken lomber disk cerrahisinde de kullanımı yaygınlaştırılmalıdır.The purpose of our study was to compare and to state the effects of epidural, spinal and general anesthesia on perioperative hemodynamic parameters, side effects, patient convenience, discharge criteria and analgesic requirement in patients undergoing elective lumbar discectomy. 60 ASA class I-II patients were randomly assigned in 3 groups. Epidural anesthesia was performed in sitting position using 18 G Tuohy needle and 20-25 ml of bupivacaine 0,5 %. Spinal anesthesia was performed in sitting position using 25 G needle and heavy bupivacaine 0,5 %. General anesthesia was inducted with propofol 2-3 mg/kg, rocuronium 0,6 mg/kg and fentanyl 1 mcg/kg and maintained with 50% oxygen and 50% medical air of 4 l/min total flow rate and sevoflurane of 1-1,5 MAC. Intraoperative all patients were in prone position. Blood pressure, heart rate, SpO2, duration of surgery, VAS scores, postoperative analgesic procedure, side effects and complications were recorded. Age, gender, weight, height, BMI, ASA class, basal VAS scores, blood pressures, heart rates and SpO2 values were similar between 3 groups. Systolic pressure values measured intraoperatively and postoperatively in PACU were significantly lower than basal values (p<0,05). There was no significant difference in occurence of bradycardia, tachycardia, hypotension, bronchospasm, hemorrhagia between groups. Intraoperative atropine and ephedrine demands showed no significant difference. The number of hypertensive patients in general anesthesia group was significantly higher than other two groups. In all patients in spinal and epidural groups were occupied a satisfying block level. There was no difference in intraoperative opioid demand but VAS scores on the end of surgery and on in- and outgoing PACU were significantly lower in epidural anesthesia group (p<0,05). In patient convenience there was no significant difference between groups. There was no significant difference in duration of anesthesia, duration of surgery and duration of stay in PACU between groups. Concurrently there was no significant difference between groups in postoperative nausea, vomiting, urinary retention, additional opioid demand, mobilisation time and discharge time. Central nervous system toxicity of local anesthetic occurred in one patient in epidural anesthesia group. We concluded that regional anesthesia technics are effective and safe alternatives to general anesthesia in lumbar disc operations as hemodynamic parameters, patient convenience and satisfaction are similar between epidural, spinal and general anesthesia groups. We recommend more extensively performance of spinal and epidural anesthesia in lumbar disc surgery as in many other operations

Yabancı dil olarak ingilizce öğretilen sınıflarda partner öğretmenlik sistemi üzerine bir durum çalışması: iş ilişkilerinde faydalar, sorunlar ve öneriler üzerine öğretmenlerin ve yöneticilerin görüşleri.

This case investigated the perceptions of English language teachers and directors on establishing and maintaining workplace relationships between co-teaching partners in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classrooms considering the perceived benefits and challenges and the strategies to prevent and deal with the challenges. This study was conducted with eight participants including six EFL teachers and two directors in the English Preparatory Program at a private university in Turkey in the spring semester of the 2015-2016 academic year. The data for this study were collected at three different times throughout the eight-week module through the initial interviews, the progress interviews and the reflection interviews. The results of the study indicates that establishing mutual workplace relationships between co-teachers provide many benefits to the teachers for developing professionally in English Language Teaching (ELT), working and solving the problems in collaboration, sharing the workload and responsibilities, establishing friendships, and getting more motivated in teaching. However, it is also indicated that the relationships between co-teachers also provide certain challenges to the teachers including working with irresponsible teachers, having conflicting teaching styles, having difficulties in establishing communication, and losing motivation in teaching. As for the strategies for preventing and dealing with the challenges, the following are suggested: communicating frequently, being open and respectful towards each other, setting routines, working in collaboration, spending time for planning and discussing the personal and classroom-related issues beforehand, sharing the responsibilities equally, discussing the problems and finding mutual solutions, getting help from the administration, and ignoring the minor problems.M.S. - Master of Scienc

Employability Through Extra-Curricular Education Activity

anemonİstihdam edilebilirlik 21. yy’de çalışma hayatında meydana gelen değişimler sonucunda ortaya çıkmış olan bir kavramdır. Çalışmanın amacı; müfredat dışı bir eğitim faaliyeti olan Anlaşmazlık Çözümü, Müzakere ve Akran Arabuluculuk eğitim programının istidam edilebilirlik becerilerinden iletişim ve duygusal empati beceri düzeyleri üzerindeki etkisini 151 kişilik orta öğretim meslek lisesi öğrencileri örnekleminde incelemektir. Araştırmada, nicel araştırma yöntemi ve yarı-deneysel desen kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın evrenini, 3 yıldır Anlaşmazlık Çözümü, Müzakere ve Akran Arabuluculuk modelini uygulayan meslek lisesi öğrencileri oluşturmaktadır. Veriler anket aracılığı ile iletişim becerileri envanteri ve duygusal empati ölçeği kullanılarak elde edilmiştir. Analiz tekniği olarak ön test, son test ve farka (kazanç puanlarına) yönelik betimleyici istatistikler ve T-testi karşılaştırmaları kullanılmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda erkek öğrencilerin iletişim becerilerinde deney grubu lehine anlamlı bir fark saptanmıştır. Benzer sonuç kız öğrenciler için duygusal empati konusunda gerçekleşmiştir. Hipotezler kabul edilmiştir."Employability” is a notion that emerged as a result of changes in the working life in the 21st century. The aim of the study is to discuss the effect of Conflict Resolution, Negotiation and Peer Mediation training program, which is an extra-curricular educational activity, on communication and emotional empathy skill levels, which are among the employability skills, in the sample of 151 secondary school vocational high school students. In the research, quantitative research method and quasi experimental design were used. The universe of the research is a vocational high school students who have been using the Conflict Resolution, Negotiation and Peer Mediation model for 3 years. The data were obtained through the questionnaire using communication skills inventory and emotional empathy scale. Pretest and posttest were applied. descriptive statistics and T-test comparisons for pretest, posttest and difference (earnings points) were used as the analysis technique. As a result of the analysis, a significant difference was found in communication skills of male students in favor of the experimental group. A similar result was became the fact for female students’ emotional empathy skills. Hypotheses were accepted62969