Synthetic modelling of acoustical propagation applied to seismic oceanography experiments

Recent work shows that multichannel seismic (MCS) systems provide detailed information on the oceans' finestructure. The aim of this paper is to analyze if high order numerical algorithms are suitable to accurately model the extremely weak wavefield scattered by the oceans' finestructures. For this purpose, we generate synthetic shot records along a coincident seismic and oceanographic profile acquired across a Mediterranean salt lens in the Gulf of Cadiz. We apply a 2D finite-difference time-domain propagation model, together with second-order Complex Frequency Shifted Perfectly Matched Layers at the numerical boundaries, using as reference a realistic sound speed map with the lateral resolution of the seismic data. We show that our numerical propagator creates an acoustical image of the ocean finestructures including the salt lens that reproduces with outstanding detail the real acquired on

Prevalence of distal renal tubular acidosis in patients with calcium phosphate urolithiasis using furosemide test

Introducción: Adultos con acidosis renal distal (ATRD) comunmente presentan litiasis urinarina y pH urinario alcalino (>6). Las litiasis de fosfato cálcico son las litiasis más comúnmente relacionadas con ATRD. El objetivo principal de este estudio es determinar la prevalencia de ATRD en pacientes con litiasis de fosfato cálcico y pH urinario alcalino usando el test de la furosemida. Materiales y métodos: Hemos seleccionado 40 pacientes, 17 hombres y 23 mujeres, entre 18 y 65 años con litiasis de fosfato cálcico y pH urinario alcalino tratadas en nuestro servicio. La edad, sexo, localización de la litiasis (bilateral o unilateral) y efectos adversos derivados del test de la furosemida fueron recogidos. Analizamos sexo y localización de litiasis mediate el test de chi-cuadrado, la edad fue analizada mediante el test de T de Student. Se consideró significación estadística p<0’05. Resultados: 15 pacientes (37’5%) fueron diagnosticados de ATRD con el test de la furosemida. La media de edad del grupo con ATRD fue 40’73, la edad del otro grupo fue 51’12 años (P<0’001). Todos los pacientes en el grupo de ATRD (15) presentaron litiasis bilateral (p<0’001). El grupo de ATRD fueron 10 mujeres y 5 hombres, no hubo diferencias con el grupo negativo para ATRD (p<0’342). Conclusión: Concluimos que la prevalencia de ATRD en nuestra muestra es de 37’5% usando el test de la furosemida y el test de la furosemida es seguro. Nuestros datos sugieren que las litiasis bilaterales y la edad joven pueden ser indicadores de DRTA.Introduction: Adults with distal renal acidosis (DRTA) commonly present urolithiasis and alkaline pH (>6). Calcium phosphate is the most common urolithiasis related with DRTA. The main objective of our study is to determine DRTA prevalence in patients with calcium phosphate lithiasis and alkaline pH (>6) using the furosemide test. Materials: We selected 40 patients, 17 men and 23 women, between 18 and 65 years old with calcium phosphate lithiasis and alkaline urine pH (>6) treated in our department. Age, sex, urolithiasis localization (unilateral or bilateral) and side effects by furosemide test were collected. We analysed sex and urolithiasis location with chi-squared test, age was analysed with T-test. We considered stadistical significance p<0’05. We performed the furosemide test for the DRTA diagnosis. It consists in the adminístration of 40 mg of furosemide orally. We performed a urine pH test before the furosemide administration to verify a urine pH higher than 6. In the following 3 hours after the furosemide administration we performed a urine pH test to each micturition. We considered a urine pH higher than 6 in all the urine tests diagnostic of DRTA. Results: 15 patients (37’5 %) were positive for DRTA with furosemide test (Figure 1). The mean age in DRTA group was 40,73 years, in the other group was 51,12 years, statistical significance was found (p<0’001) (Figure 2). All the patients (15) in the DRTA group presented with bilateral urolithiasis (p<0’001) (Figure 3). There were 10 women and 5 men in the DRTA group, no statistical significance was found (p<0’342). No side effects were reported with furosemide test. Conclusion: We conclude that the DRTA prevalence in our sample is 37’5% using furosemide test and the furosemide test is save. Our data suggest that bilateral urolithiasis and young age could be considered risk factors for DRTA

A galactic microquasar mimicking winged radio galaxies

A subclass of extragalactic radio sources known as winged radio galaxies has puzzled astronomers for many years. The wing features are detected at radio wavelengths as low-surface-brightness radio lobes that are clearly misaligned with respect to the main lobe axis. Different models compete to account for these peculiar structures. Here, we report observational evidence that the parsec-scale radio jets in the Galactic microquasar GRS 1758-258 give rise to a Z-shaped radio emission strongly reminiscent of the X and Z-shaped morphologies found in winged radio galaxies. This is the first time that such extended emission features are observed in a microquasar, providing a new analogy for its extragalactic relatives. From our observations, we can clearly favour the hydrodynamic backflow interpretation against other possible wing formation scenarios. Assuming that physical processes are similar, we can extrapolate this conclusion and suggest that this mechanism could also be at work in many extragalactic cases

Transcultural adaptation and validation of the “Hip and Knee” questionnaire into Spanish

Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't;BACKGROUND The purpose of the present study is to translate and validate the "Hip and Knee Outcomes Questionnaire", developed in English, into Spanish. The 'Hip and Knee Outcomes Questionnaire is a questionnaire planned to evaluate the impact in quality of life of any problem related to the human musculoskeletal system. 10 scientific associations developed it. METHODS The questionnaire underwent a validated translation/retro-translation process. Patients undergoing primary knee arthroplasty, before and six months postoperative, tested the final version in Spanish. Psychometric properties of feasibility, reliability, validity and sensitivity to change were assessed. Convergent validity with SF-36 and WOMAC questionnaires was evaluated. RESULTS 316 patients were included. Feasibility: a high number of missing items in questions 3, 4 and 5 were observed. The number of patients with a missing item was 171 (51.35%) in the preoperative visit and 139 (44.0%) at the postoperative. Internal validity: revision of coefficients in the item-rest correlation recommended removing question 6 during the preoperative visit (coefficient <0.20). Convergent validity: coefficients of correlation with WOMAC and SF-36 scales confirm the questionnaire's validity. Sensitivity to change: statistically significant differences were found between the mean scores of the first visit compared to the postoperative. CONCLUSION The proposed translation to Spanish of the 'Hip and Knee Questionnaire' is found to be reliable, valid and sensible to changes produced at the clinical practice of patients undergoing primary knee arthroplasty. However, some changes at the completion instructions are recommended. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level I. Prognostic study.Ye

Evaluation of the relationship between cardiovascular risk factors, endoscopic lesions of the renal papilla and the type of renal lithiasis

Introducción y objetivos: Estudiar la relación entre los factores de riesgo cardiovascular más frecuentes con el tipo de lesión endoscópica de la papila renal y el tipo de litiasis renal. Material y métodos: Evaluamos prospectivamente 38 pacientes sometidos a cirugía intrarrenal retrograda (RIRS) analizando y clasificando el tipo de lesión observada en la papila renal (placa de Randall, Calcificación intratubular y hendidura papilar). Posteriormente, se analiza el tipo de litiasis presente (oxalato cálcico monohidrato, ácido úrico y litiasis de oxalato cálcico dihidrato con o sin hidroxiapatita) y se recogen los factores de riesgo cardiovascular presentes (HTA, Diabetes Mellitus, Obesidad, Antecedentes de enfermedad cardiaca previa). Se realiza una comparación de proporciones mediante el test de x2 con valor de significación p<0.05 para cada grupo. Resultados: No se hallaron relaciones entre el tipo de factor de riesgo cardiovascular con el tipo de calcificación papilar endoscópica. Se observó una tendencia a la presencia de calcificación intratubular en pacientes obesos. La HTA y la Diabetes Mellitus se relacionaron con las litiasis de ácido úrico (p=0,025 y 0,005, respectivamente). La obesidad se relacionó con las litiasis de oxalato cálcico dihidrato (p=0,023). Conclusiones: No parece existir una relación entre los factores de riesgo cardiovascular y el tipo de calcificación de la papila renal. A pesar de ello, se observa la tendencia de que pacientes con obesidad presentan una elevada frecuencia de calcificación intratubular. Parece que existe una relación entre las litiasis de ácido úrico en pacientes que padecen diabetes y/o HTA y entre las litiasis de oxalato cálcico dihidrato con o sin hidroxiapatita en pacientes con obesidad.Introduction and objetives: Study the relationship between the most frequent cardiovascular risk factors with the type of endoscopic injury of the renal papilla and the kind of renal lithiasis. Material and methods: We prospectively evaluated 38 patients undergoing retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) by analyzing and classifying the type of injury observed in the renal papilla (Randall’s plaque, intratubular calcification and papillary cleft). Later, we analyzed the type of lithiasis present (calcium oxalate monohydrate, uric acid and calcium oxalate dihydrate lithiasis with or without hydroxyapatite) and the cardiovascular risk factors present (HTA, Diabetes Mellitus, Obesity, Historiy of previous heart disease). A proportional comparison was performed using the x2 test with significance value p <0.05 for each group. Results: No relationship was found between the type of cardiovascular risk factor and the type of endoscopic papillary injury. Although, we find a tendency between the patients with obesity and the intratubular calcification. HTA and Diabetes Mellitus were related with uric acid stones (p = 0.025 and 0.005, respectively). Obesity was related with calcium oxalate dihydrate lithiasis (p = 0.023). Conclusions: There not seem to be a relationship between cardiovascular risk factors and the kind of renal papilla injury. In spite of , there is a tendency observed that correlated the patients with obesity with a high frequency of intratubular calcification. There seems to be a relationship between uric acid lithiasis in patients with diabetes or hypertension and another relationship between the calcium oxalate dihydrate lithiasis with or without hydroxyapatite and the patients with obesity

Active deformation in old oceanic lithosphere and significance for earthquake hazard: Seismic imaging of the Coral Patch Ridge area and neighboring abyssal plains (SW Iberian Margin)

Martínez-Loriente, S. ... et al.-- 26 pages, 13 figures, 1 tableRecently acquired high-resolution multichannel seismic profiles together with bathymetric and sub-bottom profiler data from the external part of the Gulf of Cadiz (Iberia-Africa plate boundary) reveal active deformation involving old (Mesozoic) oceanic lithosphere. This area is located 180 km offshore the SW Iberian Peninsula and embraces the prominent NE-SW trending Coral Patch Ridge, and part of the surrounding deep Horseshoe and Seine abyssal plains. E-W trending dextral strike-slip faults showing surface deformation of flower-like structures predominate in the Horseshoe Abyssal Plain, whereas NE-SW trending compressive structures prevail in the Coral Patch Ridge and Seine Hills. Although the Coral Patch Ridge region is characterized by subdued seismic activity, the area is not free from seismic hazard. Most of the newly mapped faults correspond to active blind thrusts and strike-slip faults that are able to generate large magnitude earthquakes (Mw 7.2-8.4). This may represent a significant earthquake and tsunami hazard that has been overlooked so far. Key Points New active structures have been mapped in the Coral Patch Ridge area The newly mapped faults are able to generate large magnitude earthquakes (Mw>7) These new structures may represent a significant earthquake and tsunami hazard ©2013. American Geophysical Union. All Rights ReservedThe authors acknowledge the support of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN) through National Projects EVENT (CGL2006–12861-C02-02) and SHAKE (CGL2011–30005-C02-02); the European Transnational Access SALVADORE program of the EU (RITA-CT-2004–505322), the ESF EuroMargins SWIM project (01- LEG-EMA09F and REN2002–11234E-MAR), the EU program ‘‘Global Change and Ecosystems’’ contract n. 037110 (NEAREST), the ESF TopoEurope TOPOMED project (CGL2008–03474-E/BTE), and the SWIMGLO project (PTDC/MAR/100522/2008). We also acknowledge funding from the MICINN through the ‘‘Ramon y Cajal’’ program (R. Bartolome) and from the CSIC through a JAE Pre-Doc fellowship (S. Martínez-Loriente)Peer Reviewe

Evolution of pain treatment in the last decade (2008-2018)

&#091;spa&#093; En este artículo se resumen los avances realizados en el Tratamiento del Dolor, durante la última década, desde la perspectiva de los especialistas en Anestesiología y Reanimación que trabajan en Unidades de Tratamiento del Dolor. Se describen las distintas modalidades de tratamiento enfocadas a las distintas causas del fenómeno dolor, describiendo las características clínicas de cada tipo de proceso y su viabilidad, real, terapéutica. Se enfatiza en conceptos de formación en Dolor al personal Sanitario como medida de disminución de la prevalencia del fenómeno dolor en la población.&#091;eng&#093; This article summarizes the advances made in the Treatment of Color, the last decade, the perspective of the specialists in Anesthesiology and Resuscitation of the efforts in the Color Treatment Units. The characteristics of the treatment are described, the characteristics of each type of process and its viability are described, real, therapeutic. Emphasis is placed on the concepts of color training for health personnel as a measure of the decrease in the prevalence of pain in the population

Diatom-inferred ecological responses of an oceanic lake system to volcanism and anthropogenic perturbations since 1290 CE

The impacts of natural- and human-induced processes on lake ecosystems in remote oceanic islands remain to be fully elucidated. These lakes are excellent candidates to analyze the importance of anthropogenic vs. natural forces driving lacustrine long-term ecological evolution from previous pristine pre-colonized conditions. Disentangling the effects of both is particularly relevant in highly active volcanic areas, where catastrophic eruptions can act as an atypical natural driver altering the lake's long-term ecological trajectories. In this paper we study past ecological changes occurring in Lake Azul (São Miguel island), a crater lake from the remote Azorean archipelago, to address which were the main causes of its long-term trophic history. We analyzed diatom assemblages, sedimentology, and bulk organic matter of sediments deposited since ca. 1290 CE, when a huge local eruption occurred. This episode drove the evolution of Lake Azul through six distinct phases, commencing with a restart of ecological succession after tephra deposition disrupted biogeochemical cycling. The alteration was so profound that the lake underwent a state of oligotrophic conditions for approx. 650 yr. Nutrients were sourced by fish-induced internal recycling and the overflow of the near Lake Verde during this period, rather than by allochthonous nutrient inputs modulated by climate variability and/or vegetation cover changes in the watershed after the official Portuguese colonization. It was only after recent artificial fertilization when the system overcame the volcanic-induced long-term resilience. This over-fertilization and a reduction in water turnover exacerbated the recent symptoms of eutrophication after 1990 CE. Contrary to other studies, Lake Azul constitutes an uncommon case of long-term resilience to trophic change induced by a cataclysmic volcanic eruption. It brings new insights into the fate of lake ecosystems which might be affected by similar events in the future

Paleoecological changes in Lake Funda (Flores Island, Azores): tracking human impacts in a remote island lake throughout the past millennium

III International Conference on Island Evolution, Ecology and Conservation - La Réunion 8-13 JulyPrevious studies on lacustrine sedimentary sequences in the Azores show that climate variability and vulcanism along with the arrival of humans played a signi#12;cant role in the recent development of these insular Azorean ecosystems. However, the timing and rate of anthropogenic impacts on these lakes is poorly constrained. Paleoecological research allows us to reconstruct ecological conditions prior to and after human settlement, thereby contributing to our understanding of how species and island ecosystems responded to both natural and anthropogenic disturbances. To assess both types of impacts over the last 1000 years, we analysed the elemental geochemistry on bulk organic matter, diatoms, and chironomid remains in a 994 cm-long sediment core recovered from Lake Funda (Flores Island, Azores) in 2017. Preliminary results from Lake Funda show that human colonization was the main driver of ecological changes. We identi#12;ed three major ecological phases: (1) 950-1350 yr AD, a pristine lake ecosystem with mesotrophic diatom taxa, including benthic and tychoplanktonic life-forms, and free-living chironomids species representing an undisturbed environment; 2) 1350-1450 yr AD, the release of cattle and gradual forest clearance lead to an increase in nutrient inputs and the start of the human-impacted phase; and, (3) after Portuguese settlement, from 1450 yr AD to present, a second human-impacted phase resulted in lake eutrophication and the development of an anoxic hypolimnion due to an increase of nutrient loading. The #12;rst anthropogenic phase resulted in a drastic 50% decline of the overall biodiversity with a shift to planktonic diatom species and free-living chironomids, while the second was characterised by a substantial reduction in the density of chironomids and diatom assemblage shifts towards the dominance of Aulacoseira granulata and A. ambigua suggesting a shift in lake trophy. Other external drivers like major climate oscillations likely play a role within these phases as well. Our study demonstrates the sensitivity of aquatic ecosystems in remote islands to anthropogenic impacts that have the ability to overtake natural forces of variability (i.e., climate).This research is funded by FCT (SFRH/BPD/99461/2014), and through the funded research projects PaleoNAO(CGL2010-15767), RapidNAO (CGL2013-40608-R), PaleoModes (CGL2016-75281-C2), DISCOVERA-ZORES (PTDC/CTA-AMB/28511/2017) and the Luso-America