Extended QCD(2) from dimensional projection of QCD(4)

We study an extended QCD model in (1+1) dimensions obtained from QCD in 4D by compactifying two spatial dimensions and projecting onto the zero-mode subspace. We work out this model in the large $N_c$ limit and using light cone gauge but keeping the equal-time quantization. This system is found to induce a dynamical mass for transverse gluons -- adjoint scalars in QCD(2), and to undergo a chiral symmetry breaking with the full quark propagators yielding non-tachyonic, dynamical quark masses, even in the chiral limit. We study quark-antiquark bound states which can be classified in this model by their properties under Lorentz transformations inherited from 4D. The scalar and pseudoscalar sectors of the theory are examined and in the chiral limit a massless ground state for pseudoscalars is revealed with a wave function generalizing the so called 't Hooft pion solution.Comment: JHEP class, 16 pages, 3 figures. Change in the title, some improvements in section 2, minors changes and comments added in introduction and conclusions. References added. Version appearing in JHE

Genetic Diversity of Pinus nigra Arn. Populations in Southern Spain and Northern Morocco Revealed By Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat Profiles †

Eight Pinus nigra Arn. populations from Southern Spain and Northern Morocco were examined using inter-simple sequence repeat markers to characterize the genetic variability amongst populations. Pair-wise population genetic distance ranged from 0.031 to 0.283, with a mean of 0.150 between populations. The highest inter-population average distance was between PaCU from Cuenca and YeCA from Cazorla, while the lowest distance was between TaMO from Morocco and MA Sierra Mágina populations. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) and Nei’s genetic diversity analyses revealed higher genetic variation within the same population than among different populations. Genetic differentiation (Gst) was 0.233. Cuenca showed the highest Nei’s genetic diversity followed by the Moroccan region, Sierra Mágina, and Cazorla region. However, clustering of populations was not in accordance with their geographical locations. Principal component analysis showed the presence of two major groups—Group 1 contained all populations from Cuenca while Group 2 contained populations from Cazorla, Sierra Mágina and Morocco—while Bayesian analysis revealed the presence of three clusters. The low genetic diversity observed in PaCU and YeCA is probably a consequence of inappropriate management since no estimation of genetic variability was performed before the silvicultural treatments. Data indicates that the inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) method is sufficiently informative and powerful to assess genetic variability among populations of P. nigra

Effectiveness of AFLPs and retrotransposon-based markers for the identification of portuguese grapevine cultivars and clones

Grapevine germplasm, including 38 of the main Portuguese cultivars and three foreign cultivars, Pinot Noir, Pinot Blanc and Chasselas, used as a reference, and 37 true-to-type clones from the Alvarinho, Arinto, Loureiro, Moscatel Galego Branco, Trajadura and Vinhão cultivars were studied using AFLP and three retrotransposon-based molecular techniques, IRAP, REMAP and SSAP. To study the retrotransposon-based polymorphisms, 18 primers based on the LTR sequences of Tvv1, Gret1 and Vine-1 were used. In the analysis of 41 cultivars, 517 IRAP, REMAP, AFLP and SSAP fragments were obtained, 83% of which were polymorphic. For IRAP, only the Tvv1Fa primer amplified DNA fragments. In the REMAP analysis, the Tvv1Fa-Ms14 primer combination only produced polymorphic bands, and the Vine-1 primers produced mainly ISSR fragments. The highest number of polymorphic fragments was found for AFLP. Both AFLP and SSAP showed a greater capacity for identifying clones, resulting in 15 and 9 clones identified, respectively. Together, all of the techniques allowed for the identification of 54% of the studied clones, which is an important step in solving one of the challenges that viticulture currently faces

FUT2 Variants Confer Susceptibility to Familial Otitis Media

Non-secretor status due to homozygosity for the common FUT2 variant c.461G>A (p.Trp154∗) is associated with either risk for autoimmune diseases or protection against viral diarrhea and HIV. We determined the role of FUT2 in otitis media susceptibility by obtaining DNA samples from 609 multi-ethnic families and simplex case subjects with otitis media. Exome and Sanger sequencing, linkage analysis, and Fisher exact and transmission disequilibrium tests (TDT) were performed. The common FUT2 c.604C>T (p.Arg202∗) variant co-segregates with otitis media in a Filipino pedigree (LOD = 4.0). Additionally, a rare variant, c.412C>T (p.Arg138Cys), is associated with recurrent/chronic otitis media in European-American children (p = 1.2 × 10−5) and US trios (TDT p = 0.01). The c.461G>A (p.Trp154∗) variant was also over-transmitted in US trios (TDT p = 0.01) and was associated with shifts in middle ear microbiota composition (PERMANOVA p 20 were combined, FUT2 variants were over-transmitted in trios (TDT p = 0.001). Fut2 is transiently upregulated in mouse middle ear after inoculation with non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae. Four FUT2 variants—namely p.Ala104Val, p.Arg138Cys, p.Trp154∗, and p.Arg202∗—reduced A antigen in mutant-transfected COS-7 cells, while the nonsense variants also reduced FUT2 protein levels. Common and rare FUT2 variants confer susceptibility to otitis media, likely by modifying the middle ear microbiome through regulation of A antigen levels in epithelial cells. Our families demonstrate marked intra-familial genetic heterogeneity, suggesting that multiple combinations of common and rare variants plus environmental factors influence the individual otitis media phenotype as a complex trait

Estructura y uso de suelo urbano de la ciudad de Santa Cruz

99 p

Impacts of Climate Change on Marine Fisheries and Aquaculture in Chile

The Chilean government is developing a comprehensive climate change policy for fisheries and aquaculture, including institutional, research and capacity building, to reduce vulnerability and improve adaptation in order to make this ecosystem services more resilient to future changes. This is illustrated by several case studies. The occurrence of cold, acidic and hypoxic upwelling seawater and ENSO events along the Chilean coast suggests important impact upon resources targeted by benthic fisheries. The distribution and abundance of calcifiers species such as Concholepas concholepas (loco) and bivalves (scallops, mussels, clams) are threatened by ocean acidification projected for upwelling regions, while macroalgae (kelps) are highly vulnerable to warmer conditions. With A2 and 4×CO2 climate change IPCC scenarios, the estimated sea surface temperature (SST) changes for Engraulis ringens (anchovy), Strangomera bentincki (common sardine) and Trachurus murphyi (jack mackerel) fishing areas showed an increase by 0.58°C–1.59°C and 0.62°C–2.51°C for both fishing areas until 2065, respectively. Based on the A2 climate change and the fishing effort scenarios, anchovy and common sardine landings would decrease, and jack mackerel landings would increase, mildly. In change, the 4×CO2 climate change, and fishing efforts scenarios, showed increases only in jack mackerel landings. The final chapter shows the current state of Chilean aquaculture, analyzes the available information on major climate forcings and establish scenarios of potential impacts on main farmed resources and on productive activities. The adaptations that should be considered to face the future climate scenario along Chilean coast are addressed

Democracia e empoderamento no contexto da promoção da saúde: possibilidades e desafios apresentados ao Programa de Saúde da Família Democracy and empowerment in the context of promotion of health: possibilities and challenges presented to the Family Health Program

O Programa Saúde da Família (PSF) é visto como uma das principais estratégias de reorganização do SUS, redirecionando o modelo de atenção à saúde no Brasil, atuando com um novo padrão que valoriza as ações de promoção da saúde, prevenção das doenças e atenção curativa. No contexto da democracia em saúde, destaca-se a promoção da saúde como o processo no qual os indivíduos são capacitados para ter maior controle sobre a própria saúde, reconhecendo a importância do poder e do controle sobre os determinantes da saúde, utilizando-se de estratégias que visem a empoderar os sujeitos, aumentando sua participação na modificação dos elementos relevantes à saúde. Este artigo visa a realizar uma reflexão crítica sobre a importância do PSF para a promoção e estímulo ao empoderamento/libertação da população, vislumbrando sua participação mais ativa na tomada de decisão na área da saúde.<br>The Family Health Program (FHP) is considered one of the main strategies for reorganization of the Brazilian Unified Health System, redirecting the model of attention to the health in Brazil, acting as a new standard which valorizes the actions towards the promotion of health, prevention of diseases and curative care. In the context of democracy in health, the promotion of health is highlighted as a process where the individuals are trained to have a greater control on their own health, recognizing the importance of the power and control on the health determiners; using strategies which aim to empower the individuals, increasing their participation on the modification of the relevant elements to the health. This article aims to achieve a critical reflection on the importance of the SFP for the promotion and stimulus to the empowerment/liberation of the population, glimpsing from them a more active participation in the decision-making in health