La violencia sexual contra las mujeres. Propuesta socioeducativa para la promoción de modelos de sexualidad alternativos y la prevención de la violencia sexual

La violencia contra las mujeres es una realidad irrefutable que penetra en todos los ámbitos, personales y privados, y se manifiesta de diferentes formas. Este trabajo se centra en la investigación de la violencia sexual como una expresión agresiva del sistema patriarcal. Este tipo de violencia, es una de las que se muestran de forma más sutil en las relaciones con personas conocidas, lo que dificulta su identificación. La media de edad en la que se comienza a tener relaciones sexuales es cada vez menor, sin haberse establecido un desarrollo psicosocial completo para tomar decisiones responsables y basadas en valores de igualdad. Por ello, se origina la necesidad de diseñar una intervención que promueva una sexualidad positiva y la prevención de la violencia sexual entre el grupo de iguales en la adolescencia.Grado en Educación Socia

The lateral neocortex is critical for contextual fear memory reconsolidation

Memories are a product of the concerted activity of many brain areas. Deregulation of consolidation and reprocessing of mnemonic traces that encode fearful experiences might result in fear-related psychopathologies. Here, we assessed how pre-established memories change with experience, particularly the labilization/reconsolidation of memory, using the whole-brain analysis technique of positron emission tomography in male mice. We found differences in glucose consumption in the lateral neocortex, hippocampus and amygdala in mice that underwent labilization/reconsolidation processes compared to animals that did not reactivate a fear memory. We used chemogenetics to obtain insight into the role of cortical areas in these phases of memory and found that the lateral neocortex is necessary for fear memory reconsolidation. Inhibition of lateral neocortex during reconsolidation altered glucose consumption levels in the amygdala. Using an optogenetic/neuronal recording-based strategy we observed that the lateral neocortex is functionally connected with the amygdala, which, along with retrograde labeling using fluorophore-conjugated cholera toxin subunit B, support a monosynaptic connection between these areas and poses this connection as a hot-spot in the circuits involved in reactivation of fear memories.Fil: de la Fuente, Verónica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias; ArgentinaFil: Medina, Candela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias; ArgentinaFil: Falasco, Germán Alfredo. Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia; ArgentinaFil: Urrutia, Leandro. Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia; ArgentinaFil: Kravitz, Alexxai V.. National Institutes of Health; Estados UnidosFil: Urbano Suarez, Francisco Jose. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias; ArgentinaFil: Vázquez, Silvia. Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia; ArgentinaFil: Pedreira, Maria Eugenia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias; ArgentinaFil: Romano, Arturo Gabriel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias; Argentin

Azathioprine in refractory sprue: results from a prospective, open-label study

OBJECTIVE: Refractory sprue is a rare and severe malabsorptive disorder that mimics celiac disease but is refractory to a gluten-free diet and is without initial evidence of overt lymphoma. Treatment is largely empiric and often ineffective, with steroids and immunosuppression being the mainstream therapeutic options. The aim of this study was to evaluate prospectively the effect of azathioprine on a group of patients diagnosed with refractory sprue. METHODS: We studied seven consecutive patients (five women and two men) with a well-defined diagnosis of refractory sprue and a lack of response to oral or parenteral steroids. At diagnosis, five patients had endoscopic evidence of ulcerative jejunitis, and five underwent exploratory laparotomy for exclusion of malignancies. The characteristic monoclonal TCR gene rearrangement was shown in five of six patients studied. Patients were treated for a mean of 11 months (range 8–12 months), and clinical, biochemical, molecular, and histological parameters were reassessed at the end of the trial. The study was a prospective, open-label, non–placebo-controlled study using azathioprine (2 mg/kg/ day) plus oral prednisone (1 mg/kg/day). A gluten-free diet (n 7) as well as enteral (n 6) and parenteral nutrition (n 5) were administered during the trial. RESULTS: After treatment, five patients had a complete clinical remission, and biochemical and nutritional parameters were significantly improved. Steroids were tapered after the onset of azathioprine, and no patient was on steroids at the end of the trial. Intestinal histology improved significantly in all cases (normal histology in three cases and minor infiltration in the lamina propria in two). Two patients did not respond to treatment at any time and died in months 10 and 9, of an irreversible ventricular fibrillation and sepsis, respectively. No overt lymphoma was demonstrated during the follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The present study confirms earlier anecdotal reports on the efficacy of azathioprine in refractory sprue, with clear clinical and histological improvement shown in most patients. However, monoclonality persisted after treatment. We consider that a larger number of patients should be evaluated before a definitive recommendation is adopted for use of this drug in refractory sprue.Fil: Maurino, Eduardo. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Gastroenterología "Dr. Carlos B. Udaondo"; Argentina. Universidad del Salvador; ArgentinaFil: Niveloni, Sonia Isabel. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Gastroenterología "Dr. Carlos B. Udaondo"; ArgentinaFil: Cherñavsky, Alejandra Claudia. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Hospital de Clínicas General San Martín. Laboratorio de Inmunogenética; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo; ArgentinaFil: Pedreira, Silvia. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Gastroenterología "Dr. Carlos B. Udaondo"; ArgentinaFil: Mazure, Roberto. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Gastroenterología "Dr. Carlos B. Udaondo"; ArgentinaFil: Vazquez, Daniel Horacio. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Gastroenterología "Dr. Carlos B. Udaondo"; ArgentinaFil: Reyes, Hugo. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Gastroenterología "Dr. Carlos B. Udaondo"; ArgentinaFil: Fiorini, Alcira. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Gastroenterología "Dr. Carlos B. Udaondo"; ArgentinaFil: Smecuol, Edgardo. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Gastroenterología "Dr. Carlos B. Udaondo"; ArgentinaFil: Cabanne, Ana. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Gastroenterología "Dr. Carlos B. Udaondo"; ArgentinaFil: Capucchio, Monica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Hospital de Clínicas General San Martín. Laboratorio de Inmunogenética; ArgentinaFil: Kogan, Zulema. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Gastroenterología "Dr. Carlos B. Udaondo"; ArgentinaFil: Bai, Julio C.. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Gastroenterología "Dr. Carlos B. Udaondo"; Argentina. Universidad del Salvador; Argentin

Influence of bioactive particles and onium salt on the physicochemical properties of experimental infiltrants

Abstract This study evaluated physicochemical properties of experimental infiltrants after addition of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HAp) or 58S bioactive glass (BAG) and diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate (DPI). The resin matrix was composed of TEGDMA/Bis-EMA (3:1), 0.5 mol% CQ, and 1 mol% EDAB. The blends received or not 0.5 mol% DPI and 10% wt BAG or HAp. Icon was used as commercial control. The groups were characterized by XRD, FT-IR spectrometry, and SEM before and after simulated body fluid (SBF) immersion for up to 7 days. Polymerization kinetics (n =3 ), water sorption and solubility (n=10), and viscosity (n = 3) were surveyed. For polymerization kinetics, the samples were polymerized for 5 min and the data were obtained from 40 s and 5 min. Statistical analysis was made using ANOVA and Tukey's test (a = 0.05). After 7 days of SBF immersion, XRD and FT-IR showed that the HAp crystalline phase was present only in the HAp groups. A lower degree of conversion (DC) and polymerization rate were observed for the Icon and BAG groups, whereas HAp showed higher values. For the BAG group, DPI increased polymerization rate and DC in 40 s. After 5 min, all groups presented DC above 80%. In groups with particles, the HAp groups exhibited higher viscosity, whereas DPI groups showed a decrease in viscosity. Icon had the highest water sorption. To conclude, BAG neither improved the physicochemical properties studied, nor did it show bioactive properties. The addition of DPI reduced viscosity caused by particle addition and also attenuated the DC decrease caused by BAG addition. The addition of bioactive particles to infiltrants should be seen with caution because they increase viscosity and may not bring major clinical improvements that justify their use. DPI might be indicated only if any component is added to the infiltrant to act as a compensation mechanism

Características clínicas y evolución a largo plazo de una serie de pacientes con sprue refractario diagnosticados en una sola institución

Background: Refractory sprue (RS) is a rare and severe celiac-like enteropathy not responding to a strict gluten-free diet. Although prognosis is generally poor, little is known about the long-term outcome of patients. Aim: to report baseline characteristics and long-term outcome of a series of patients diagnosed and treated in a single institution. Materials: We report a retrospective cohort of 25 consecutive patients (15 females; mean age 46 yr; range 28-71) diagnosed with RS based on the presence of a non-responsive celiac-like enteropathy. All patients were intensively treated with a gluten-free diet, steroids, nutritional support and immunosupression. Results: Clinical and biological characteristics of patients suggest that, at least, 24 patients had clear evidences of celiac disease. HLA DQ2/DQ8 genes were present in all the 24 patients typed and autoimmune enteropathy was excluded in all. According to the genotyping, 12 patients had a polyclonal lymphocyte population (RS type I) and 13 exhibited monoclonal TCR-γ gene rearrangements (RS type II). Sixteen patients had evidence of ulcerative jejunitis (UJ) (7 in RS type I and 9 in type II). Overall median follow-up time after diagnosis of RS was 29 mo/patient (range 7 to 204) (45 mo for type I and 24 mo for type II). Overall mortality was 48% (12 patients), 6 in each type. Eight patients with UJ (50%), 3 with lymphoma (two T-cell and one B-cell type) and 4 (44%) without ulcers died during follow-up. The causes of death were sepsis in the context of a progressive deterioration but without overt malignancies (n=5), vascular causes (n=3) and severe malnutrition (n=1). Three- and 5-yr survival rate after diagnosis of RS for the overall population was 60% and 56%. There was no differences between type I (67%, 58%) and type II RS patients (54% for both periods). Patients with UJ had lower but non-significant 3- and 5-yr survival rates (56% and 50%, respectively) compared with patients without ulcers (78% and 66%). Survivors had a favorable outcome. While 11 patients persists asymptomatic, two other cases still have mild diarrhea and one low body weight. Conclusions: We confirm that RS is a severe celiac disease-related disorder with very high mortality. Diagnosis of overt lymphoma (12%) in our long-term follow-up was not as frequent as was reported by other groups. A proportion of patients persist in good health for a long time irrespective of the nature of the IEL infiltration or the presence of UJ.Fil: Mauriño, Eduardo. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Gastroenterología "Dr. Carlos B. Udaondo"; ArgentinaFil: Niveloni, Sonia Isabel. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Gastroenterología "Dr. Carlos B. Udaondo"; ArgentinaFil: Cherñavsky, Alejandra Claudia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Hospital de Clínicas General San Martín. Laboratorio de Inmunogenética; ArgentinaFil: Sugai, Emilia. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Gastroenterología "Dr. Carlos B. Udaondo"; ArgentinaFil: Vázquez, Horacio. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Gastroenterología "Dr. Carlos B. Udaondo"; ArgentinaFil: Pedreira, Silvia. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Gastroenterología "Dr. Carlos B. Udaondo"; ArgentinaFil: Periolo, Natalia. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Hospital de Clínicas General San Martín. Laboratorio de Inmunogenética; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Mazure, Roberto. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Gastroenterología "Dr. Carlos B. Udaondo"; ArgentinaFil: Smecuol, Edgardo. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Gastroenterología "Dr. Carlos B. Udaondo"; ArgentinaFil: Moreno, Maria L.. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Gastroenterología "Dr. Carlos B. Udaondo"; ArgentinaFil: Litwin, Néstor. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Gastroenterología "Dr. Carlos B. Udaondo"; ArgentinaFil: Nachman, Fabio. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Gastroenterología "Dr. Carlos B. Udaondo"; ArgentinaFil: Kogan, Zulema. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Gastroenterología "Dr. Carlos B. Udaondo"; ArgentinaFil: Bai, Julio C.. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Gastroenterología "Dr. Carlos B. Udaondo"; Argentin

Comparação entre duas técnicas cirúrgicas de correção intrauterina da mielomeningocele em fetos de ovelha

OBJECTIVE: To compare the classical neurosurgical technique with a new simplified technique for prenatal repair of a myelomeningocelelike defect in sheep. METHODS: A myelomeningocele-like defect (laminectomy and dural excision) was created in the lumbar region on day 90 of gestation in 9 pregnant sheep. Correction technique was randomized. In Group 1 the defect was corrected using the classic neurosurgical technique of three-layer suture (dura mater, muscle and skin closure) performed by a neurosurgeon. In Group 2, a fetal medicine specialist used a biosynthetic cellulose patch to protect the spinal cord and only the skin was sutured above it. Near term (day 132 of gestation) fetuses were sacrificed for pathological analysis. RESULTS: There were two miscarriages and one maternal death. In total, six cases were available for pathological analysis, three in each group. In Group 1, there were adherence of the spinal cord to the scar (meningo-neural adhesion) and spinal cord architecture loss with posterior funiculus destruction and no visualization of grey matter. In Group 2, we observed in all cases formation of a neo-dura mater, separating the nervous tissue from adjacent muscles, and preserving the posterior funiculus and grey matter. CONCLUSION: The new simplified technique was better than the classic neurosurgical technique. It preserved the nervous tissue and prevented the adherence of the spinal cord to the scar. This suggests the current technique used for the correction of spina bifida in humans may need to be reassessed

Community-acquired Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Uruguay

A novel, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clone (Uruguay clone) with a non–multidrug-resistant phenotype caused a large outbreak, including 7 deaths, in Montevideo, Uruguay. The clone was distinct from the highly virulent community clone represented by strain MW2, although both clones carried Panton-Valentine leukocidin gene and cna gene

Guía de Incorporación de Cartas Temáticas Pre-existentes de la Dirección de Geología Ambiental y Aplicada de la República de Argentina a Escala 1:250.000

Fil: Pedreira Junco, José Ángel. SADIM: Sociedad Asturiana de Diversificación Minera; España. .Fil: Avanzas, Rubén. SADIM: Sociedad Asturiana de Diversificación Minera; España.Fil: López Rivas, J. SADIM: Sociedad Asturiana de Diversificación Minera; España.Fil: Tobio, María Inés. SEGEMAR: Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino; Argentina.Fil: Chavez, Roxana. SEGEMAR: Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino; Argentina.Fil: González, María Alejandra. SEGEMAR: Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino; Argentina.Fil: Elisondo, Manuela. SEGEMAR: Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino; Argentina.Fil: Villegas, Daniela. SEGEMAR: Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino; Argentina.Fil: Caballaro, Sandra. SEGEMAR: Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino; Argentina.Fil: Nicosia Burgos, Federico R. SEGEMAR: Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino; Argentina.Fil: Rivas, Irma S. SEGEMAR: Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino; Argentina.Fil: Fratalochi, Catalina. SEGEMAR: Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino; Argentina.Fil: Tello, Norma Elisa. SEGEMAR: Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino; Argentina.Fil: Ferpozzi, Federico Javier. SEGEMAR: Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino; Argentina.Fil: Candaosa, Norberto Gabriel. SEGEMAR: Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino; Argentina.Fil: Chavez, Silvia Beatríz. SEGEMAR: Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino; Argentina.Fil: Álvarez Fernández, Saúl. SADIM: Sociedad Asturiana de Diversificación Minera; España

Eligibility criteria for Menopausal Hormone Therapy (MHT): a position statement from a consortium of scientific societies for the use of MHT in women with medical conditions. MHT Eligibility Criteria Group

This project aims to develop eligibility criteria for menopausal hormone therapy (MHT). The tool should be similar to those already established for contraception A consortium of scientific societies coordinated by the Spanish Menopause Society met to formulate recommendations for the use of MHT by women with medical conditions based on the best available evidence. The project was developed in two phases. As a first step, we conducted 14 systematic reviews and 32 metanalyses on the safety of MHT (in nine areas: age, time of menopause onset, treatment duration, women with thrombotic risk, women with a personal history of cardiovascular disease, women with metabolic syndrome, women with gastrointestinal diseases, survivors of breast cancer or of other cancers, and women who smoke) and on the most relevant pharmacological interactions with MHT. These systematic reviews and metanalyses helped inform a structured process in which a panel of experts defined the eligibility criteria according to a specific framework, which facilitated the discussion and development process. To unify the proposal, the following eligibility criteria have been defined in accordance with the WHO international nomenclature for the different alternatives for MHT (category 1, no restriction on the use of MHT; category 2, the benefits outweigh the risks; category 3, the risks generally outweigh the benefits; category 4, MHT should not be used). Quality was classified as high, moderate, low or very low, based on several factors (including risk of bias, inaccuracy, inconsistency, lack of directionality and publication bias). When no direct evidence was identified, but plausibility, clinical experience or indirect evidence were available, "Expert opinion" was categorized. For the first time, a set of eligibility criteria, based on clinical evidence and developed according to the most rigorous methodological tools, has been defined. This will provide health professionals with a powerful decision-making tool that can be used to manage menopausal symptoms