A união africana no séc. XXI: sua arquitetura de paz e segurança e a AMISOM

Monografia (especialização)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Relações Internacionais,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Relações Internacionais, XV Curso de Especialização em Relações Internacionais, 2014.O presente artigo se presta a descrever e avaliar as recentes iniciativas políticas no contexto internacional africano, mormente o que se refere às políticas de paz e segurança desenvolvidas no âmbito da Arquitetura de Paz e Segurança Africana. Parte-se de uma breve descrição histórica do processo que deu origem à União Africana, seguindo-se uma descrição dos órgãos do organismo em questão. Uma breve descrição dos órgãos que compõe a Arquitetura de Paz e segurança é feita em seguida. Por fim se analisa a recente atuação da AMISOM e as perspectivas da missão da paz. _______________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTThis article seeks to describe and evaluate the recent political initiatives that have been taking place in African continental politics, specially the policies of peace and security developed under the African Peace and Security Architecture. At first, a brief historical description of the process that originated the African Union is offered, followed by a brief description of the organs of the organization. A description of the organs that make up the architecture of peace and security is given. At last, the article analyzes the recent activities of AMISOM and the prospects of the peacekeeping mission

Cost of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in Europe and the USA: the GAIN study

Background & Aims: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) leads to cirrhosis and is associated with a substantial socioeco- nomic burden, which, coupled with rising prevalence, is a growing public health challenge. However, there are few real-world data available describing the impact of NASH. Methods: The Global Assessment of the Impact of NASH (GAIN) study is a prevalence-based burden of illness study across Europe (France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the UK) and the USA. Physicians provided demographic, clinical, and economic patient information via an online survey. In total, 3,754 patients found to have NASH on liver biopsy were stratified by fibrosis score and by biomarkers as either early or advanced fibrosis. Per-patient costs were estimated using national unit price data and extrapolated to the population level to calculate the economic burden. Of the patients, 767 (20%) provided information on indirect costs and health-related quality of life using the EuroQOL 5-D (EQ-5D; n = 749) and Chronic Liver Disease Ques- tionnaire – Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (CLDQ-NAFLD) (n = 723). Results: Mean EQ-5D and CLDQ-NAFLD index scores were 0.75 and 4.9, respectively. For 2018, the mean total annual per patient cost of NASH was V2,763, V4,917, and V5,509 for direct medical, direct non-medical, and indirect costs, respectively. National per-patient cost was highest in the USA and lowest in France. Costs increased with fibrosis and decompensation, driven by hospitalisation and comorbidities. Indirect costs were driven by work loss. Conclusions: The GAIN study provides real-world data on the direct medical, direct non-medical, and indirect costs asso- ciated with NASH, including patient-reported outcomes in Europe and the USA, showing a substantial burden on health services and individuals

Impella and IABP for high-risk PCI: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Aims: A systematic literature review (SLR) and meta-analysis was undertaken to compare health outcomes associated with the use of Impella and intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) in patients undergoing high-risk percutaneous coronary intervention (HR PCI). Methods and results: A SLR of published randomised and non-randomised studies from Sep 1999-2019 (20 years) was undertaken through a search of MEDLINE®, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Scopus. Forward and backward citation searching was conducted using Google Scholar and supplemented with a search of the grey literature. For studies which met the inclusion criteria, data extracted included respondent characteristics, study design, and the reporting of mortality, myocardial infarction, complication rates, and other clinical outcomes. A comparison of clinical outcomes was synthesized using a meta-analysis and a random-effects model was fitted to account for heterogeneity between studies. Small study effect, including publication bias, was tested using funnel plots and Egger's test. Meta-analyses of patient subgroups were also conducted where data permitted. Of 638 titles and abstracts screened, 22 studies met the study inclusion criteria. Studies tended to report superior health outcomes for patients who received Impella compared to IABP in terms of lower mortality, major bleeding, vascular complications, revascularisation, stroke/transient ischaemic attack, renal complications, and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE)/major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE). Although funnel plots were not always found to be symmetrical, no evidence of publication bias (with the exception of the IABP pooled MACE/MACCE (p=0.033) outcome) was found with the Egger's test (p>0.05). Conclusions: The results of our SLR and meta-analysis indicate that Impella is associated with superior health outcomes when compared to IABP in terms of mortality, major bleeding, vascular complications, revascularisation, stroke/ transient ischaemic attack, renal complications, and MACE/MACCE. Further research is needed to explore the conclusions regarding the presence of publication bias with the IABP pooled MACE/MACCE outcome. Moreover, further studies and/ or real-world data (RWD) are needed to confirm and identify the optimal approach for patients undergoing HR PCI in clinical practice. This will enable the aforementioned patients to gain maximal health status by using available resources

Quantification of Leptospira interrogans Survival in Soil and Water Microcosms

Leptospira interrogans is the etiological agent of leptospirosis, a globally distributed zoonotic disease. Human infection usually occurs through skin exposure with water and soil contaminated with the urine of chronically infected animals. In this study, we aimed to quantitatively characterize the survival of Leptospira interrogans serovar Copenhageni in environmental matrices. We constructed laboratory microcosms to simulate natural conditions and determined the persistence of DNA markers in soil, mud, spring water and sewage using a quantitative PCR (qPCR) and a propidium monoazide (PMA)-qPCR assay. We found that L. interrogans does not survive at high concentrations in the tested matrices. No net growth was detected in any of the experimental conditions and in all cases the concentration of the DNA markers targeted decreased from the beginning of the experiment following an exponential decay with a decreasing decay rate over time. After 12 and 21 days of incubation the spiked concentration of 106L. interrogans cells/ml or g decreased to approximately 100 cells/ml or g in soil and spring water microcosms, respectively. Furthermore, culturable L. interrogans persisted at concentrations under the limit of detection by PMA-qPCR or qPCR for at least 16 days in soil and 28 days in spring water. Altogether, our findings suggest that the environment is not a multiplication reservoir but a temporary carrier of L. interrogans Copenhageni, although the observed prolonged persistence at low concentrations may still enable the transmission of the disease.IMPORTANCE Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by spirochetes of the genus Leptospira that primarily affects impoverished populations worldwide. Although leptospirosis is transmitted by contact with water and soil, little is known about the ability of the pathogen to survive in the environment. In this study, we quantitatively characterized the survival of L. interrogans in environmental microcosms and found that although it cannot multiply in water, soil or sewage, it survives for extended time periods (days to weeks depending on the matrix). The survival parameters obtained here may help to better understand the distribution of pathogenic Leptospira in the environment and improve the predictions of human infection risks in areas where such infections are endemic

Correction to: The LUCID study: living with ulcerative colitis; identifying the socioeconomic burden in Europe.

From Europe PMC via Jisc Publications RouterHistory: ppub 2021-12-01, epub 2021-12-15Publication status: Publishe

PHYSIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF RICE SEEDS AS A FUNCTION OF DIFFERENT DOSES OF THE INSECTICIDE CIANTRANILIPROLE

The seed is one of the main agricultural inputs and its quality is one of the key factors for success in rice cultivation. The objective of this work was to evaluate the physiological quality of rice seeds with different doses of the insecticide cyantraniliprole and its performance during storage of rice seeds. Rice seeds of the cultivar IRGA 424 RI treated at doses 0 (control), 10, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mL of the product for each 100 kg of seeds were used. Evaluations were performed during storage periods 0, 60, 90, 135 and 180 days after treatment. Seed quality was monitored through the germination test, cold test and emergence. Under the conditions in which the work was carried out, we can conclude that: cyantraniliprole at doses of 60, 80 and 100 ml/100 kg of seeds provides greater germination when the seeds are not stored, however the dose of 60 mL/100 kg showed higher percentages of germination in other storage periods. For the cold test, cyantraniliprole in all doses was superior to the control without treatment and in the doses 60 mL/100kg of seeds it was superior in the storage times 0, 135 and 180 days, already in the storage periods 60 and 90 days the dose of 60 mL/100kg did not differ from the dose of 80 mL/100 kg. For the emergence of seedlings, the treatment with the insecticide at a dose of 60 mL/100kg of seeds was superior to the others, except for the storage period of 135 days.A semente é um dos principais insumos da agricultura e sua qualidade é um dos fatores primordiais para o sucesso na cultura do arroz. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade fisiológica de sementes de arroz com diferentes doses do inseticida ciantraniliprole e seu desempenho durante o armazenamento de sementes de arroz. Utilizaram-se sementes de arroz da cultivar IRGA 424 RI tratadas nas doses 0 (testemunha), 10, 20, 40, 60, 80 e 100 mL do produto para cada 100 kg de sementes. As avaliações foram realizadas durante os períodos de armazenamento 0, 60, 90, 135 e 180 dias após o tratamento. A qualidade das sementes foi monitorada através do teste germinação, teste de frio e emergência. Nas condições de realização do trabalho podemos concluir que: o ciantraniliprole nas doses de 60, 80 e 100 ml/ 100 kg de sementes proporciona maior germinação quando as sementes não são armazenadas, no entanto a dose de 60 mL/100kg apresentou maior percentagens de germinação nos demais períodos de armazenamento. Para o teste de frio, o ciantraniliprole em todas as doses foi superior a testemunha sem tratamento e nas doses 60 mL/100kg de sementes mostrou-se superior nas épocas de armazenamento 0, 135 e 180 dias, já nos períodos de armazenamento 60 e 90 dias a dose de 60 mL/100kg não diferiu da dose de 80 mL/100 kg. Para a emergência de plântulas o tratamento com o inseticida na dose de 60 mL/100kg de sementes mostrou-se superior aos demais, exceto no período de armazenamento 135 dias

EFFECT OF THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN INSECTICIDE AND BIOSTIMULANT ON THE PHYSIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF RICE SEEDS

The seed is a vehicle for high productivity crops, as it carries the genetic potential and technology necessary for the success of a crop. For this reason, it is considered the main input in the implementation of a crop. The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of seed treatment with Cruiser Opti insecticide associated with the biostimulant EpívioTM at different dosages and during 0, 60, 90, 135 and 180 days after seed treatment. Rice seeds of the cultivar IRGA 424 RI were used. The treatments were: Control: Permit + Standk + Gaucho, T2- Cruiser Opti (0.5 L/100 Kg of seeds), T3 - EpivioTM (0.1 L/100 Kg of seeds), T4 - Cruiser Opti + EpivioTM (0.5 + 0.05 L/100 kg of seeds), T5 - Cruiser Opti + EpivioTM (0.5 + 0.1 L/100 kg of seeds) and T6 – (0.5 + 0.2 L/100 kg of seeds). Seed quality was monitored through the germination test, cold test and emergence in trays. Under the conditions in which the work was carried out, we can conclude that the treatment composed of Cruiser Opti + EpivioTM, at a dose of 0.5 + 0.1 L/100Kg of seeds, respectively, provided better performance in the germination test in the evaluated periods when compared to the other treatments.A semente é veículo para lavouras de alta produtividade, pois carrega em si o potencial genético e tecnologia necessários para o sucesso de uma safra. Por este motivo, é considerada o principal insumo na implementação de uma lavoura. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência do tratamento de sementes, com inseticida Cruiser Opti associado ao bioestimulante EpívioTM em diferentes dosagens e durante 0, 60, 90, 135 e 180 dias após o tratamento de sementes. Utilizou-se sementes de arroz da cultivar IRGA 424 RI. Os tratamentos foram: Testemunha: Permit + Standk + Gaucho, T2- Cruiser Opti (0,5 L/100 Kg de sementes), T3 -  EpívioTM (0,1 L/100 Kg de sementes), T4 - Cruiser Opti + EpivioTM (0,5 + 0,05 L/100 kg de sementes),  T5 - Cruiser Opti + EpivioTM (0,5 + 0,1 L/100 kg de sementes) e T6 – (0,5 + 0,2 L/100 kg de sementes). A qualidade das sementes foi monitorada através do teste germinação, teste de frio e emergência em bandejas. Nas condições de realização do trabalho podemos concluir que o tratamento composto por Cruiser Opti + EpivioTM, na dose de 0,5 e 0,1 L/100Kg de sementes, respectivamente, conferiram melhor desempenho no teste de germinação nos períodos avaliados quando comparado aos demais tratamentos

Prevenção e acompanhamento dos portadores de hipertensão arterial sistêmica da Unidade de Saúde da Família, localizada em Paulista-PE

Introdução: Na atenção primária à saúde, o Ministério da Saúde recomenda que pacientes hipertensos que estiverem com a pressão arterial descontrolada, mas que estejam cumprindo os tratamentos recomendados, deverão realizar consulta médica mensal para reavaliação, até atingirem a meta pressórica estabelecida. Baseado nisso, o projeto aplicativo aconteceu em uma comunidade com 8000 usuários, onde há uma elevada taxa de hipertensão entre a população, associada à falta de informação, baixa condição socioeconômica e falta de adesão às consultas e ao HiperDiA. A partir desse cenário, foram realizadas ações que implicassem na conscientização e prevenção das complicações da hipertensão e na redução do número de novos hipertensos na área. Objetivo: Melhorar a adesão ao tratamento e acompanhamento dos hipertensos cadastrados na USF Francisco Marcelo Dias, em Paulista-PE. Métodos: Estudo descritivo do tipo relato de projeto aplicativo. Utilizou-se a metodologia da problematização, baseado no Arco de Maguerez para identificação do problema base da área, teorização, criação de hipóteses de solução e um plano de ação. Resultado: As ações prezaram a prevenção e conscientização para uma melhor qualidade de vida, evitando assim tanto o desenvolvimento da hipertensão como também a evolução da doença. Para isso, as atividades realizadas na USF foram aferição da pressão arterial e rodas de conversa sobre a importância da alimentação saudável e o uso contínuo dos medicamentos. Essas ações tiveram um bom impacto ao modo que aumentaram o número de pacientes nas consultas e no HiperDia, aumentaram a quantidade de adeptos ao tratamento, e através do incentivo à mudança nos hábitos de vida, espera-se que a longo prazo haja uma diminuição no número de novos hipertensos na área. Conclusão: A promoção de saúde adequada para os pacientes hipertensos da comunidade, assim como a intervenção para a prevenção e tratamento da hipertensão arterial apresentou implicações clínicas importantes, uma vez que foi capaz aumentar a adesão ao tratamento e a mudança nos hábitos de vida, prevenindo futuros pacientes hipertensos e melhorando a qualidade de vida dos hipertensos já diagnosticados da área

The LUCID study: living with ulcerative colitis; identifying the socioeconomic burden in Europe

From Springer Nature via Jisc Publications RouterHistory: received 2020-08-21, accepted 2021-11-15, registration 2021-11-16, collection 2021-12, pub-electronic 2021-12-04, online 2021-12-04Publication status: PublishedFunder: Pfizer UK; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100009032Funder: Eli Lilly and Company; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100004312Funder: Celgene; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100006436Abstract: Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease with increasing prevalence worldwide. Current treatment strategies place considerable economic and humanistic burdens on patients. The aim of this study was to determine the socioeconomic burden of UC in adult patients in European countries in a real-world setting. Methods: In this retrospective, cross-sectional and observational pan-European study, patients with moderate or severe UC were assigned to ARM 1 and patients who had moderate or severe UC but achieved mild or remission status 12 months before index date (or clinical consultation date), were assigned to ARM 2. Clinical and medical resource use data were collected via electronic case report forms, and data on non-medical and indirect costs, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) were collected via patient and public involvement and engagement (PPIE) questionnaires. Per-patient annual total costs per ARM and per country were calculated using the collated resource use in the last 12 months (between the start of the documentation period and patient consultation or index date) and country specific unit costs. Quality of life was described by arm and by country. Results: In the physician-reported eCRF population (n = 2966), the mean annual direct medical cost was €4065 in ARM 1 (n = 1835) and €2935 in ARM 2 (n = 1131). In the PPIE population (ARM 1, n = 1001; ARM 2, n = 647), mean annual direct cost was €4526 in ARM 1 and €3057 in ARM 2, mean annual direct non-medical cost was €1162 in ARM 1 and €1002 in ARM 2, mean annual indirect cost was €3098 in ARM 1 and €2309 ARM 2, and mean annual total cost was in €8787 in ARM 1 and €6368 in ARM 2. HRQoL scores showed moderate to high burden of UC in both groups. Conclusions: The cost and HRQoL burden were high in patients in both ARM 1 and ARM 2 indicating unmet needs in the UC active population