160 research outputs found
Applying multivariate analysis as decision tool for evaluating sediment-specific remediation strategies
Multivariate analysis of variable importance in the scaling up of electrodialytic remediation of heavy metals from harbour sediments
Degradation of oil products in a soil from a Russian Barents hot-spot during electrodialytic remediation
A highly oil-polluted soil from Krasnoe in North-West Russia was used to investigate the degradation of organic pollutants
during electrodialytic remediation. Removal efficiencies were up to 70 % for total hydrocarbons (THC) and up
to 65 % for polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Relatively more of the lighter PAH compounds and THC fractions were
degraded. A principal component analysis (PCA) revealed a difference in the distribution of PAH compounds after the
remediation. The observed clustering of experiments in the PCA scores plot was assessed to be related to the stirring
rate. Multivariate analysis of the experimental settings and final concentrations in the 12 experiments revealed that
the stirring rate of the soil suspension was by far the most important parameter for the remediation for both THC and
PAH. Light was the second most important variable for PAH and seems to influence degradation. The experimental
variables current density and remediation time did not significantly influence the degradation of the organic pollutants.
Despite current density not influencing the remediation, there is potential for degrading organic pollutants during
electrodialytic removal of heavy metals, as long as a stirred set-up is applied. Depending on remediation objectives,
further optimisation may be needed in order to develop efficient remediation strategies
Comparison of two- and three-compartment cells for electrodialytic removal of heavy metals from contaminated material suspensions
Electrodialytic upgrading of three different municipal solid waste incineration residue types with focus on Cr, Pb, Zn, Mn, Mo, Sb, Se, V, Cl and SO<sub>4</sub>
Handling of air pollution control (APC) residues from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) is a
challenge due to its toxicity and high leaching of toxic elements and salts. Electrodialysis (ED) of the
material has shown potential for reduction of leaching of toxic elements and salts to produce a material
feasible for substitution of cement in mortar. In this work results of 23 pilot-scale experiments (5–8 kg
APC residue each) in electrodialysis stack designed to investigate the leaching properties as a function of
time and current density for APC residue from semi-dry and wet flue-gas cleaning systems, as well as
MSWI fly ash without flue-gas cleaning products are reported. Significant leaching reduction of the
critical elements Pb, Zn and Cl was obtained. The final leaching, however, depended mostly on the initial
leaching, thus as leaching from fly ash and residue of wet flue-gas cleaning was lower before treatment
compared to residues from semidry flue-gas cleaning, both Pb and Zn leaching could be reduced to lower
levels in those materials, and they therefore appear more suitable for use in construction materials. The
leaching reduction of Zn and to some degree Pb decreased with longer retention times and higher current
densities. Cr and SO4 leaching increased during ED treatment, with lower increase at higher current.
Washing or carbonation in combination with ED significantly reduced leaching of Pb and Zn from semidry
residue. An indication of a similar effect to carbonation by simultaneous aeration with ED was observed
and should be investigated further. While Mn and Mo leaching did not, Se, V and Sb leaching exceeded
threshold values in semidry residue. The leaching of V seemed to increase while Se and Sb remained more
or less constant during ED treatment.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Screening of variable importance for optimizing electrodialytic remediation of heavy metals from polluted harbour sediments
Using multivariate design and modelling, optimal conditions for
electrodialytic remediation (EDR) of heavy metals were determined for
polluted harbour sediments from Hammerfest harbour located in the
geographic Arctic region of Norway. The comparative importance of the
variables; current density, remediation time, light/no light, the liquid-solid
ratio and stirring rate of the sediment suspension were determined in 15
laboratory scale EDR experiments by projection to latent structures (PLS).
The relation between the X matrix (experimental variables) and the Y
matrix (removal efficiencies) was computed and variable importance in
the projection was used to assess the influence of the experimental
variables. Current density and remediation time proved to have the highest
influence on the remediation of the heavy metals Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in
the studied experimental domain. In addition it was shown that excluding
the acidification time improved the PLS model, indicating the importance
of applying a limited experimental domain that covers the removal phases
of each heavy metal in the specific sediment. Based on PLS modelling the
optimal conditions for remediating the Hammerfest sediment was
determined; operating in the experimental domain of 0.5-0.8 mA/cm2 and
a remediation time after acidification of 450-570 hours met acceptable
levels according to Norwegian sediment quality guideline
An optimised method for electrodialytic removal of heavy metals from harbour sediments
A 2-compartment electrodialytic cell set-up for treatment of solid materials has in many
respects proven superior to other types of cells in removing heavy metals from sediments.
Most notably, remediation times were shorter, energy consumption was lower and higher
removal efficiencies were observed. By employing multivariate modelling and investigating
additional experimental variables, the relative importance of variables effecting remediation
was determined and response surfaces for heavy metal removal were calculated. Employing
optimal conditions it was possible to remove targeted metals (Pb, Cu, Zn), by 73 – 96 %, and
remediation objectives could be met in a large region of the studied experimental domain
Electrodialytic upgrading of MSWI APC residue from hazardous waste to secondary resource
Relatório editado por: Pernille E. Jensen; Gunvor M. Kirkelund; Raimon Parés Viader; Catia Magro; Kristine B. Pedersen; Celia Ferreira, e Lisbeth M. Ottosen.Environmental project No 1884info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Chemometric Analysis for Pollution Source Assessment of Harbour Sediments in Arctic Locations
Pollution levels, pollutant distribution and potential source assessments based on multivariate analysis
(chemometrics) were made for harbour sediments from two Arctic locations; Hammerfest in Norway
and Sisimiut in Greenland. High levels of heavy metals were detected in addition to organic pollutants.
Preliminary assessments based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed different sources
and pollutant distribution in the sediments of the two harbours. Tributyltin (TBT) was, however, found
to originate from point source(s) and the highest concentrations of TBT in both harbours were found
adjacent to the former shipyards. Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) ratios and PCA plots revealed
that the predominant source in both harbours was pyrogenic related to coal/biomass combustion.
Comparison of commercial polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) mixtures with PCB compositions in the
sediments indicated relation primarily to German, Russian and American mixtures in Hammerfest; and
American, Russian and Japanese mixtures in Sisimiut. PCA was shown to be an important tool for
identifying pollutant sources and differences in pollutant composition in relation to sediment
characteristic
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