17,098 research outputs found
Ground effects on Loran-C signals
In conjunction with the test and evaluation of the position fixing capabilities of the Army Manpack Loran Receiver AN/PSN-6, an extensive series of time difference and signal amplitude measurements were made within a 100 km map grid square encompassing Fort Monmouth, New Jersey. The test location is within the coverage area of the East Coast Loran-C Chain. The data were used to develop a simple smooth-earth model for the test area as well as to estimate the magnitude and distributions of deviations from this model. Local propagation processes associated with topographic features and the grid of overhead wires in the test area are shown to contribute to the deviations from the model
A micromechanics-enhanced finite element formulation for modelling heterogeneous materials
In the analysis of composite materials with heterogeneous microstructures,
full resolution of the heterogeneities using classical numerical approaches can
be computationally prohibitive. This paper presents a micromechanics-enhanced
finite element formulation that accurately captures the mechanical behaviour of
heterogeneous materials in a computationally efficient manner. The strategy
exploits analytical solutions derived by Eshelby for ellipsoidal inclusions in
order to determine the mechanical perturbation fields as a result of the
underlying heterogeneities. Approximation functions for these perturbation
fields are then incorporated into a finite element formulation to augment those
of the macroscopic fields. A significant feature of this approach is that the
finite element mesh does not explicitly resolve the heterogeneities and that no
additional degrees of freedom are introduced. In this paper, hybrid-Trefftz
stress finite elements are utilised and performance of the proposed formulation
is demonstrated with numerical examples. The method is restricted here to
elastic particulate composites with ellipsoidal inclusions but it has been
designed to be extensible to a wider class of materials comprising arbitrary
shaped inclusions.Comment: 28 pages, 12 figures, 2 table
Memory, market stability and the nonlinear cobweb theorem
© Australian Mathematical Society The document attached has been archived with permission from the publisher.Carlson has shown that if the predicted price in the linear cobweb model is taken as the average of all previous actual prices, then stability results independently of parameter values provided only that the demand--curve gradient is less than that of the supply curve. This result has subsequently been generalised by Manning and by Holmes and Manning. We investigate the robustness of their results.J. M. Gaffney and C. E. M. Pearc
Nonlinear-cobweb dynamics in the approach to equilibrium
© Australian Mathematical Society The document attached has been archived with permission from the publisher.We discuss some propositions of Holmes and Manning relating to the evolution of price in a cobweb market approaching equilibrium. We find in particular that the detailed behaviour of the linear model is quite typical of nonlinear cobweb models.J. M. Gaffney and C. E. M. Pearc
A Comparison of Semi-Analytic and Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Galaxy Formation
We compare the statistical properties of galaxies found in two different
models of hierarchical galaxy formation: the semi-analytic model of Cole et al.
and the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) simulations of Pearce et al.
Using a `stripped-down' version of the semi-analytic model which mimics the
resolution of the SPH simulations and excludes physical processes not included
in them, we find that the two models produce an ensemble of galaxies with
remarkably similar properties, although there are some differences in the gas
cooling rates and in the number of galaxies that populate halos of different
mass. The full semi-analytic model, which has effectively no resolution limit
and includes a treatment of star formation and supernovae feedback, produces
somewhat different (but readily understandable) results. Agreement is
particularly good for the present-day global fractions of hot gas, cold dense
(i.e. galactic) gas and uncollapsed gas, for which the SPH and stripped-down
semi-analytic calculations differ by at most 25%. In the most massive halos,
the stripped-down semi-analytic model predicts, on the whole, up to 50% less
gas in galaxies than is seen in the SPH simulations. The two techniques
apportion this cold gas somewhat differently amongst galaxies in a given halo.
This difference can be tracked down to the greater cooling rate in massive
halos in the SPH simulation compared to the semi-analytic model. (abridged)Comment: 19 pages, 13 figures, to appear in MNRAS. Significantly extended to
explore galaxy progenitor distributions and behaviour of models at high
redshift
Expanded microchannel heat exchanger: design, fabrication and preliminary experimental test
This paper first reviews non-traditional heat exchanger geometry, laser
welding, practical issues with microchannel heat exchangers, and high
effectiveness heat exchangers. Existing microchannel heat exchangers have low
material costs, but high manufacturing costs. This paper presents a new
expanded microchannel heat exchanger design and accompanying continuous
manufacturing technique for potential low-cost production. Polymer heat
exchangers have the potential for high effectiveness. The paper discusses one
possible joining method - a new type of laser welding named "forward conduction
welding," used to fabricate the prototype. The expanded heat exchanger has the
potential to have counter-flow, cross-flow, or parallel-flow configurations, be
used for all types of fluids, and be made of polymers, metals, or
polymer-ceramic precursors. The cost and ineffectiveness reduction may be an
order of magnitude or more, saving a large fraction of primary energy. The
measured effectiveness of the prototype with 28 micron thick black low density
polyethylene walls and counterflow, water-to-water heat transfer in 2 mm
channels was 72%, but multiple low-cost stages could realize the potential of
higher effectiveness
Optimal traps in graphene
We transform the two-dimensional Dirac-Weyl equation, which governs the
charge carriers in graphene, into a non-linear first-order differential
equation for scattering phase shift, using the so-called variable phase method.
This allows us to utilize the Levinson Theorem to find zero-energy bound states
created electrostatically in realistic structures. These confined states are
formed at critical potential strengths, which leads to us posit the use of
`optimal traps' to combat the chiral tunneling found in graphene, which could
be explored experimentally with an artificial network of point charges held
above the graphene layer. We also discuss scattering on these states and find
the zero angular momentum states create a dominant peak in scattering
cross-section as energy tends towards the Dirac point energy, suggesting a
dominant contribution to resistivity.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figure
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Adherence to medication in children and adolescents with asthma: methods for monitoring and intervention
Introduction: Poor adherence in children with asthma is a major cause of asthma attacks and poor control, leads to large health-care costs, and has been identified as a factor in asthma deaths. However, it is difficult to detect and frequently overlooked leading to inappropriate escalation of asthma treatment. There is a need for cost effective ways to monitor adherence in order to intervene to change this modifiable behavior.
Areas covered: Several measurement tools have been developed to assess adherence in adults and children with asthma. The current methods for measuring adherence, both subjective and objective, have several flaws and even the current gold standard, electronic monitoring devices (EMDs), has limitations. This review will outline and critique the adherence monitoring tools and highlight ways in which they have been used for the purpose of intervention.
Expert commentary: Although advances have been made in adherence monitoring, we still have some way to go in creating the ideal monitoring tool. There are no validated tailored self-monitoring questionnaires for children with asthma and most objective measures, such as prescription refill rate and weighing canisters, overestimate adherence. Current EMDs, although useful, need improved accuracy to ensure that both actuation and inhalation are measured, and the devices need to be affordable for use in routine health-care practice
On the structure of the scalar mesons and
We investigate the structure of the scalar mesons and
within realistic meson-exchange models of the and
interactions. Starting from a modified version of the J\"ulich model for
scattering we perform an analysis of the pole structure of the
resulting scattering amplitude and find, in contrast to existing models, a
somewhat large mass for the ( MeV,
MeV). It is shown that our model provides a description of
data comparable in quality with those of
alternative models. Furthermore, the formalism developed for the
system is consistently extended to the interaction leading to a
description of the as a dynamically generated threshold effect
(which is therefore neither a conventional state nor a
bound state). Exploring the corresponding pole position the
is found to be rather broad ( MeV,
MeV). The experimentally observed smaller width results from the influence of
the nearby threshold on this pole.Comment: 25 pages, 15 Postscript figure
Simulation of associative learning with the replaced elements model
Associative learning theories can be categorised according to whether they treat the representation of stimulus compounds in an elemental or configural manner. Since it is clear that a simple elemental approach to stimulus representation is inadequate there have been several attempts to produce more elaborate elemental models. One recent approach, the Replaced Elements Model (Wagner, 2003), reproduces many results that have until recently been uniquely predicted by Pearce’s Configural Theory (Pearce, 1994). Although it is possible to simulate the Replaced Elements Model using “standard” simulation programs the generation of the correct stimulus representation is complex. The current paper describes a method for simulation of the Replaced Elements Model and presents the results of two example simulations that show differential predictions of Replaced Elements and Pearce’s Configural Theor
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