Association between second mesiobuccal missed canals and apical periodontitis in maxillary molars of a Chilean subpopulation

To determine the frequency of missed second mesiobuccal canals (MB2) and apical periodontitis in maxillary molars of a Chilean subpopulation using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Two previously calibrated operators evaluated CBCTs with a total o

Reimplante intencional como última opción de tratamiento frente al fracaso endodóntico. Revisión narrativa

Endodontic failure, characterized by the persistence of a peri-radicular inflammatory lesion in a previously treated tooth, shows a prevalence of 16 to 65% of the world population. There are different treatment options, including non-surgical endodontic retreatment and apical microsurgery. On some occasions, these options are not viable, and intentional replantation appears as an alternative to tooth extraction.Objective: To analyze clinical aspects, treatment sequence, technical and biological principles, and clinical results of intentional replantation.Conclusion: In cases of post-treatment endodontic disease, where conventional retreatment is not possible and anatomical limitations exclude the option of apical microsurgery, intentional replantation can be considered as a viable treatment alternative.Resumen: El fracaso endodóntico, distinguido por la persistencia de una lesión inflamatoria peri-radicular en un diente previamente tratado, muestra una prevalencia del 16 a 65% de la población mundial. Ante esto, existen diversas opciones de tratamiento, incluyendo el retratamiento endodóntico no quirúrgico y la microcirugía apical. En algunas ocasiones estas opciones no son viables, surgiendo el reimplante intencional como alternativa a la extracción dentaria. Objetivo: Analizar aspectos clínicos, secuencia de tratamiento, principios técnicos y biológicos y resultados clínicos del reimplante intencional. Conclusión: En casos de enfermedad endodóntica post-tratamiento, donde no es posible el retratamiento convencional y las limitaciones anatómicas impidan realizar la microcirugía apical, el reimplante intencional puede ser considerado como alternativa viable de tratamiento

A simple method based on confocal microscopy and thick sections recognizes seven subphases in growth plate chondrocytes

This study was supported by Fundacion Nutrición y Crecimiento, by grants PI18/01757 (Plan Estatal I + D + I 2017–2020) from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Madrid, Spain) and GRUPIN14–20 from Fondos Europeos de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), by Marie Skłodowska-Curie European Commission, by Fundación de la Universidad de Oviedo (FUO) and by Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica en Asturias (FINBA)

Comparative in vitro analysis of the antifungal activity of different calcium silicate-based endodontic sealers

Aim: This study aimed to perform an in vitro comparative analysis of the antifungal activity of different calcium silicate-based endodontic sealers against three fungal species. Methods: The antifungal properties of three calcium silicate-based sealers were tested: Bio-C Sealer, Cambiar a Sealer Plus BC, and MTA-Fillapex. Two commonly used sealers were used as controls: AH Plus and Endomethasone. An agar diffusion test was performed to analyze the antifungal activity of the sealers against Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis, and a mixed microbial culture medium. The results were analyzed using ANOVA (p <0.05). Results: Endomethasone exhibited the highest inhibition against all strains examined, maintaining a consistent level of inhibition throughout 7 days. MTA-Fillapex demonstrated the best performance among the calcium silicate-based sealers for the three fungal species (p < 0.05), maintaining stable values over the 7 days, surpassing that of Endomethasone. Nevertheless, MTA-Fillapex only exhibited antimicrobial effect against the mixed culture for the first 24 hours, and no antimicrobial activity was observed at 48 hours, being surpassed by all tested sealers (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Of all silicate-based sealers tested, only MTA-Fillapex exhibited promising antifungal activity. Nevertheless, care must be taken when extrapolating these results, as MTA-Fillapex exhibited poor antimicrobial activity when tested in mixed microbial cultures

Assessing the validity of ChatGPT-4o and Google Gemini Advanced when responding to frequently asked questions in endodontics

Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming access to dental information via large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT and Google Gemini. Both models are increasingly being used in endodontics as a source of information for patients. Therefore, as developers release new versions, the validity of their responses must be continuously compared to professional consultations. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the validity of the responses provided by the most advanced LLMs [Google Gemini Advanced (GGA) and ChatGPT-4o] to frequently asked questions (FAQs) in endodontics. Methodology: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in five phases. The top 20 endodontic FAQs submitted by users to chatbots and collected from Google Trends were compiled. In total, nine academically certified endodontic specialists with educational roles scored GGA and ChatGPT-4o responses to the FAQs using a five-point Likert scale. Validity was determined using high (4.5-5) and low (≥4) thresholds. The Fisher's exact test was used for comparative analysis. Results: At the low threshold, both models obtained 95% validity (95% CI: 75.1%- 99.9%; p=.05). At the high threshold, ChatGPT-4o achieved 35% (95% CI: 15.4%- 59.2%) and GGA, 40% (95% CI: 19.1%- 63.9%) validity (p=1). Conclusions: ChatGPT-4o and GGA responses showed high validity under lenient criteria that significantly decreased under stricter thresholds, limiting their reliability as a stand-alone source of information in endodontics. While AI chatbots show promise to improve patient education in endodontics, their validity limitations under rigorous evaluation highlight the need for careful professional monitoring

Evaluation of Internal Bleaching with 35% Hydrogen Peroxide in Dentin Conditioned with 37% Phosphoric Acid and 17% EDTA

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of dentin surface treatment with 37% phosphoric acid or 17% ethylenedia-minetetraacetic acid (EDTA) before Internal Bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide using the walking bleach technique. Material and Methods:This experimental in vitro study used 66 human premolars extracted for orthodontic reasons, which were debrided, endodontically prepared, and pigmented with chromogens derived from blood decomposition. The samples were randomly divided into three groups (n=22). Group A: bleaching agent without dentin conditioning; group B: bleaching agent in dentin conditioned with phosphoric acid 37%; group C: bleaching agent in dentin conditioned with 17% EDTA. 4 applications of bleaching agent were used with a separation of 4 days between each session. The initial color (baseline) and after each application was determined by spectrophotometry, recording the CIE L*a*b* values and the total color variation between the initial parameters and the different evaluation times. Results: Data were statistically analyzed with the Wilcoxon test. This showed statistically significant differences for the total variation of the color between the study groups, with the control group in no case inferior to the rest. Conclusion: The application of 37% phosphoric acid increased the effectiveness of the bleaching agent when compared to 17% EDTA. However, these did not increase the effectiveness compared to the application of the bleaching agent without a previous dentin surface treatment.Introducción: El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto del tratamiento de superficie dentinaria con ácido fosfórico al 37% o EDTA al 17% previo al blanqueamiento Interno con peróxido de hidrógeno al 35% por medio de la técnica Walking Bleach. Material y Métodos: Para este estudio experimental in vitro, se utilizaron 66 premolares humanos extraídos por indicación ortodóncica, los cuales fueron desbridados, preparados endodónticamente, y pigmentados con cromógenos derivados de la descomposición sanguínea. Las muestras fueron divididas aleatoriamente en 3 grupos (n=22). Grupo A: agente blanqueador sin acondicionamiento dentinario, grupo B: agente blanqueador en dentina acondicionada con ácido fosfórico 37% y grupo C: agente blanqueador en dentina acondicionada con EDTA 17%. Se utilizaron 4 aplicaciones de agente blanqueador con una separación de 4 días entre cada sesión. El color inicial (baseline) y tras cada aplicación fue determinado mediante espectrofotometría, registrando los valores CIE L*a*b* y la variación total de color entre los parámetros iniciales y los diferentes tiempos de evaluación. Resultados: Los datos fueron analizados estadísticamente con la prueba de Wilcoxon, arrojando diferencias estadísticamente significativas para la variación total del color entre los grupos de estudio, siendo en ningún caso el grupo control inferior al resto. Conclusión: La aplicación de ácido fosfórico al 37% aumenta la eficacia del agente blanqueador al compararlo con el EDTA 17%, sin embargo, no aumentan la eficacia respecto a la aplicación del agente blanqueador sin un tratamiento de superficie dentinaria previo

Prevalencia y configuración de conductos en C en molares inferiores de la región metropolitana, Chile

Indexación: Scopus.Objetive: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, demographics, and root configuration of C-shaped canals of mandibular molars by means of cone beam computed tomography in the population of the Metropolitan Region, Chile. Material and Methods: 912 molars (456 first and 456 second molars) resulting from the analysis of 228 mandibular CT scans were evaluated. The root configuration was established by means of a panoramic reconstruction and axial tomographic sections, classif ying the presence and type of canals through the analysis of five sections along the root. Data were statistically analyzed using a 5% confidence interval. Results: Of the 912 molars analyzed, 70 were classified as C-shaped canals (7.68%), corresponding to 58.33% of those molars that presented fused roots. 95.7% of this root canal configuration was observed in lower second molars, occurring more frequently in females (n=45, 64.29%). 45.65% of the cases that presented C-shaped canals were bilateral and the most frequent configuration was C3 (n=401, 66.63%) according to the Melton classification. Conclusion: The C-shaped canals of the mandibular molars in the studied population were observed mainly in second molars, showing a clear predilection among females and a high percentage of bilaterality. The presence of fused roots significantly increases the possibility of finding this type of root configuration. © 2022, Universidad de Concepcion. All rights reserved.https://www.joralres.com/index.php/JOralRes/article/view/joralres.2022.046/106

Reimplante intencional como última opción de tratamiento frente al fracaso endodóntico. Revisión narrativa

Resumen: El fracaso endodóntico, distinguido por la persistencia de una lesión inflamatoria peri-radicular en un diente previamente tratado, muestra una prevalencia del 16 a 65% de la población mundial. Ante esto, existen diversas opciones de tratamiento, incluyendo el retratamiento endodóntico no quirúrgico y la microcirugía apical. En algunas ocasiones estas opciones no son viables, surgiendo el reimplante intencional como alternativa a la extracción dentaria. Objetivo: Analizar aspectos clínicos, secuencia de tratamiento, principios técnicos y biológicos y resultados clínicos del reimplante intencional. Conclusión: En casos de enfermedad endodóntica post-tratamiento, donde no es posible el retratamiento convencional y las limitaciones anatómicas impidan realizar la microcirugía apical, el reimplante intencional puede ser considerado como alternativa viable de tratamiento.</jats:p

Prevalence and Configuration of C-shaped Canals in Lower Molars from a Chilean Subpopulation

Objective: To determine the prevalence of C-shaped canals in lower molars (first and second molars) in a Chilean subpopulation, and to identify root configuration and demographic characteristics using cone beam tomography. Materials and method: 912 molars (456 first and 456 second molars) resulting from the analysis of 228 mandibular CBCT scans (89 men and 139 women between 15 and 80 years old) were evaluated. Through panoramic reconstruction and axial tomographic sections, the root configuration was established, and the presence and type of C-shaped canal were classified, analyzing 5 levels along the root canal. Data were statistically analyzed with a 5% significance level. Results: Of the 912 molars analyzed, 69 were classified as C-shaped (7.57%), constituting 65.72% of those molars that presented fused roots. 100% of this configuration of canals was observed in lower second molars, presenting a higher prevalence in women (n = 49, 71.01%). 40.82% of the cases that presented a C-shaped configuration manifested bilaterally. The most frequent C-shaped canal configuration was C3 (n = 347, 66.10%), according to Melton's classification. Conclusion: The C-shaped canals in the studied population were observed entirely in lower second molars, showing a clear predilection for the female sex and a high rate of bilaterality.   Keywords  Anatomy; Cone beam computed tomography; Dental pulp cavity; Endodontics.</jats:p