7 research outputs found
The contribution of HIV point-of-care tests in early HIV diagnosis : community-based HIV testing monitoring in Catalonia, 1995 to 2018
Community-based HIV testing services combined with the use of point-of-care tests (POCT) have the potential to improve early diagnosis through increasing availability, accessibility and uptake of HIV testing. To describe community-based HIV testing activity in Catalonia, Spain, from 1995 to 2018, and to evaluate the impact of HIV POCT on the HIV continuum of care. A community-based network of voluntary counselling and testing services in Catalonia, Spain has been collecting systematic data on activity, process and results since 1995. A descriptive analysis was performed on pooled data, describing the data in terms of people tested and reactive screening test results. Between 1995 and 2018, 125,876 HIV tests were performed (2.1% reactive). Since the introduction of HIV POCT in 2007, a large increase in the number of tests performed was observed, reaching 14,537 tests alone in 2018 (1.3% reactive). Men who have sex with men (MSM), as a proportion of all people tested, has increased greatly over time reaching 74.7% in 2018. The highest percentage of reactive tests was found in people who inject drugs followed by MSM. The contribution of community-based HIV testing to the overall total notified cases in the Catalonia HIV registry has gradually increased, reaching 37.9% in 2018, and 70% of all MSM cases. In 2018, the percentage of individuals with a reactive screening test who were linked to care was 89.0%. Our study reinforces the important role that community-based HIV POCT has on the diagnosis of HIV in key populations
MeÌs de 20 anys de cribratge del VIH de base comunitaÌria a Catalunya
Cribatge; VIH; Serveis de base comunitĂ riaCribado; VIH; Servicios de base comunitariaScreening; HIV; Community-based servicesDescriure lâactivitat de cribratge del VIH en els serveis de base comunitĂ ria que participen a la xarxa DEVO entre 1995 i 2018 per tal dâavaluar la contribuciĂł del cribratge del VIH de base comunitĂ ria al continu dâatenciĂł al VIH
Does the human placenta express the canonical cell entry mediators for SARSCoV-2?
The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has affected more than 10 million people, including pregnant women. To date, no consistent evidence for the vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 exists. The novel coronavirus canonically utilizes the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor and the serine protease TMPRSS2 for cell entry. Herein, building upon our previous single-cell study (Pique-Regi et al., 2019), another study, and new single-cell/nuclei RNA-sequencing data, we investigated the expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 throughout pregnancy in the placenta as well as in third-trimester chorioamniotic membranes. We report that co-transcription of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 is negligible in the placenta, thus not a likely path of vertical transmission for SARS-CoV-2. By contrast, receptors for Zika virus and cytomegalovirus, which cause congenital infections, are highly expressed by placental cell types. These data show that the placenta minimally expresses the canonical cell-entry mediators for SARS-CoV-2
Global disparities in surgeonsâ workloads, academic engagement and rest periods: the on-calL shIft fOr geNEral SurgeonS (LIONESS) study
: The workload of general surgeons is multifaceted, encompassing not only surgical procedures but also a myriad of other responsibilities. From April to May 2023, we conducted a CHERRIES-compliant internet-based survey analyzing clinical practice, academic engagement, and post-on-call rest. The questionnaire featured six sections with 35 questions. Statistical analysis used Chi-square tests, ANOVA, and logistic regression (SPSSŸ v. 28). The survey received a total of 1.046 responses (65.4%). Over 78.0% of responders came from Europe, 65.1% came from a general surgery unit; 92.8% of European and 87.5% of North American respondents were involved in research, compared to 71.7% in Africa. Europe led in publishing research studies (6.6 ± 8.6 yearly). Teaching involvement was high in North America (100%) and Africa (91.7%). Surgeons reported an average of 6.7 ± 4.9 on-call shifts per month, with European and North American surgeons experiencing 6.5 ± 4.9 and 7.8 ± 4.1 on-calls monthly, respectively. African surgeons had the highest on-call frequency (8.7 ± 6.1). Post-on-call, only 35.1% of respondents received a day off. Europeans were most likely (40%) to have a day off, while African surgeons were least likely (6.7%). On the adjusted multivariable analysis HDI (Human Development Index) (aOR 1.993) hospital capacity > 400 beds (aOR 2.423), working in a specialty surgery unit (aOR 2.087), and making the on-call in-house (aOR 5.446), significantly predicted the likelihood of having a day off after an on-call shift. Our study revealed critical insights into the disparities in workload, access to research, and professional opportunities for surgeons across different continents, underscored by the HDI
Infrastructures de transports et conflits
Au dĂ©veloppement des infrastructures de transports sâattache un paradoxe qui, sans ĂȘtre nouveau, semble aller croissant : alors que les besoins dâune sociĂ©tĂ© dâhypermobilitĂ© appellent Ă une amĂ©lioration constante, leur remise en cause nâa jamais Ă©tĂ© aussi systĂ©matique. LâactualitĂ© donne le tĂ©moignage rĂ©current des oppositions, parfois violentes, Ă tel projet dâaĂ©roport, de tunnel, dâautoroute ou de LGV. Certes, les projets dâinfrastructures de transport ne sont pas les seuls Ă ĂȘtre le thĂ©Ăątre de telles manifestations. Câest le lot plus large de nombreux Ă©quipements du territoire dans le domaine de lâamĂ©nagement rural, de lâĂ©nergie ou du tourisme. Ceci Ă©tant, les infrastructures de transport cristallisent de fortes oppositions. On Ă©voque alors rapidement le phĂ©nomĂšne bien connu de nimby (Not In My BackYard ou « pas derriĂšre chez moi »). Sans doute est-ce vrai et sans doute ne doit-on pas toujours balayer dâune accusation dâĂ©goĂŻsme socio-territorial cette rĂ©activitĂ© citoyenne. Mais les projets dâinfrastructures de transport posent aussi des questions plus larges que celles dâun simple localisme paysager. Leur rejet interroge la pertinence dâune mobilitĂ© sans limite, faisant fi dâimpacts environnementaux allant bien au-delĂ de la sauvegarde dâun scarabĂ©e ou dâune grenouille, Ă©rigĂ©s comme autant de nouveaux totems dâune « nature » sacralisĂ©e. On pense Ă la qualitĂ© de lâair notamment. Ă lâinverse, ces oppositions perdent de vue Âparfois la dimension Ă©conomique plus large de tel ou tel Ă©quipement, oubliant en outre que celui-ci peut Ă©galement ĂȘtre lâoccasion de reposer les termes modaux de certaines mobilitĂ©s. La conflictualitĂ©, loin de nâĂȘtre quâune Ă©tape dilatoire, nâest-elle pas aussi un moment indispensable Ă lâacceptabilitĂ© du projet voire Ă son amĂ©lioration ? Ce numĂ©ro ne peut avoir la prĂ©tention dâembrasser la totalitĂ© de cette thĂ©matique. Par exemple, point de contributions autour des ports maritimes et des aĂ©roports. Lâapproche dominante par les infrastructures routiĂšres et ferroviaires permet nĂ©anmoins dâenvisager le fond de la conflictualitĂ©. Dans la ligne Ă©ditoriale de la revue, les exemples dĂ©veloppĂ©s le sont dans le Sud-Ouest français et la pĂ©ninsule IbĂ©rique, laissant une place Ă la question pyrĂ©nĂ©enne. Au fil de la dizaine dâarticles sont ainsi envisagĂ©s plusieurs points de controverses Âautour du dĂ©ploiement du ferroviaire, quâil sâagisse de LGV, au Pays basque, entre Perpignan et Barcelone, entre ÂBordeaux et Toulouse, ou de lignes plus classiques mais relançant lâhypothĂšse polĂ©mique dâun franchissement des ÂPyrĂ©nĂ©es. Ce numĂ©ro est aussi lâoccasion dâune mise au point sur la politique des infrastructures de transport, pour le moins surprenante, menĂ©e par les autoritĂ©s espagnoles. Ă une autre Ă©chelle, sont abordĂ©es des problĂ©matiques plus urbaines, quâil sâagisse des hĂ©sitations entourant le dĂ©veloppement du vĂ©lo Ă Saragosse, du dĂ©ploiement dâune nouvelle ligne de bus Ă Toulouse ou, pour sortir du seul dĂ©placement de voyageurs, dâune rĂ©flexion autour de la logistique urbaine dans le centre-ville toulousain. Deux articles nous font quitter le ÂSud-Ouest europĂ©en, lâun abordant les dĂ©bats autour de lâagrandissement de la gare ferroviaire de GenĂšve, tandis que lâautre, trouvant un Ă©cho particulier avec les PyrĂ©nĂ©es proches, Ă©voque les contestations nĂ©es du projet du tunnel de base du Brenner dans les Alpes
MeÌs de 20 anys de cribratge del VIH de base comunitaÌria a Catalunya
Cribatge; VIH; Serveis de base comunitĂ riaCribado; VIH; Servicios de base comunitariaScreening; HIV; Community-based servicesDescriure lâactivitat de cribratge del VIH en els serveis de base comunitĂ ria que participen a la xarxa DEVO entre 1995 i 2018 per tal dâavaluar la contribuciĂł del cribratge del VIH de base comunitĂ ria al continu dâatenciĂł al VIH