Influencia del sedentarismo en las desviaciones raquídeas de la población escolar de Léon

Nuestra investigación trata de evaluar los hábitos sedentarios, en los escolares de 10 y 14 años de una zona de León, y su influencia en las desviaciones raquídeas. Para la obtención de los hábitos nos basamos en el tets de Medoza, R. también se realizó una evaluación física de los niños para observar las desviaciones raquídeas. En el tratamiento de la información se utilizó el análisis de la varianza univariante y multivariante, además del análisis de componentes principales y análisis discriminante. Llegando a la conclusión, respecto al tiempo de televisión que el día de la semana que más tiempo dedican los niños a ver la televisión es discrimante de los escolares que tienen desviación raquídea

Ferromagnetic resonance and magnetooptic study of submicron epitaxial Fe(001) stripes

We present a combined magnetooptic and ferromagnetic resonance study of a series of arrays of single-crystalline Fe stripes fabricated by electron beam lithography on epitaxial Au(001)/Fe(001)/MgO(001) films grown by pulsed laser deposition. The analysis of the films revealed a clear fourfold magnetocrystalline anisotropy, with no significant presence of other anisotropy sources. The use of a large series of arrays, with stripe widths between 140 and 1000 nm and separation between them of either 200 nm or 500 nm, allowed studying their magnetization processes and resonance modes as well as the effects of the dipolar interactions on both. The magnetization processes of the stripes were interpreted in terms of a macrospin approximation, with a good agreement between experiments and calculations and negligible influence of the dipolar interactions. The ferromagnetic resonance spectra evidenced two types of resonances linked to bulk oscillation modes, essentially insensitive to the dipolar interactions, and a third one associated with edge-localized oscillations, whose resonance field is strongly dependent on the dipolar interactions. The ability to produce a high quality, controlled series of stripes provided a good opportunity to achieve an agreement between the experiments and calculations, carried out by taking into account just the Fe intrinsic properties and the morphology of the arrays, thus evidencing the relatively small role of other extrinsic factors

Dolor crónico: relación con sintomatología prefrontal y estrés percibido

ABSTRACT Objective: The quality of perceived stress coping in chronic pain is related to the performance of the prefrontal cortex as the main structure of control and coordination of superior behavior control. The present study explores the presence of prefrontal symptomatology, in the form of problems to manage cognition, emotions and behavior, and perceived stress in a sample of people suffering from chronic pain. Material and methods: We studied 78 participants with a diagnosis of chronic pain ranging in age from 27 to 81 years (mean 54.2 and d.t 13.4). Sociodemographic and clinical variables were analyzed together with the results in the 11-item Short Brief Pain Questionnaire (CBD) to assess the intensity and interference of pain, the Prefrontal Symptom Inventory (ISP), both in its complete version of 46 items and in the abbreviated of 20, and the 10-itme Perceived Scale of Perceived Stress (EEP). Results and discussion: Significant correlations between the prefrontal symptomatology and the intensity (r = 0.32) and the interference (r = 0.53) of the pain, as well as between the stress and the interference of the pain in the mood (r = 0.36). People report more painful feelings when they refer more cognitive and emotional management problems surrounding the environment. The general interference of pain is related to more motivational and attention problems, while the interference that the pain produces in the mood also increases the problems with executive and emotional control. A preliminary structural equation explaining the effect is proposed. Conclusion: The data suggest that the stress perceived by people with chronic pain depends on the inability of the prefrontal cortex to cope with a changing or threatening situation and this problem is fed back over and over as the person is less able to cope with the environment. Therefore, comprehensive treatment of chronic pain should include psychological interventions focused on coping with stress and cognitive optimization of skills related to prefrontal functioning.RESUMEN Objetivo: La calidad del afrontamiento del estrés percibido en el dolor crónico está relacionada con el rendimiento de la corteza prefrontal como estructura principal de control y coordinación de control superior de la conducta. El presente trabajo estudia la presencia de sintomatología prefrontal, en forma de problemas para gestionar la cognición, las emociones y el comportamiento, y de estrés percibido en una muestra de personas que sufren dolor crónico. Material y métodos: Se estudiaron 78 participantes con diagnóstico de dolor crónico con edades comprendidas entre 27 y 81 años (media 54,2 y d.t. 13,4). Se analizaron variables sociodemográficas y clínicas junto con los resultados en el Cuestionario Breve de Dolor (CBD) abreviado de 11 ítems para valorar la intensidad e interferencia de dolor, el Inventario de Síntomas Prefrontales (ISP), tanto en su versión completa de 46 ítems como en la abreviada de 20, y la Escala de Estrés Percibido (EEP) abreviada de 10 ítems. Resultados y discusión: Aparecen correlaciones significativas entre la sintomatología prefrontal y la intensidad (r = 0,32) y la interferencia (r = 0,53) del dolor, así como entre el estrés y la interferencia del dolor en el estado del ánimo (r = 0,36). Las personas declaran más sensación dolorosa cuando refieren más problemas de gestión cognitiva y emocional del entorno que las rodea. La interferencia general del dolor se relaciona con más problemas motivacionales y de atención, mientras que la interferencia que el dolor produce en el estado del ánimo incrementa, además, los problemas con el control ejecutivo y emocional. Se propone una ecuación estructural preliminar explicativa del efecto. Conclusión: Los datos sugieren que el estrés percibido por las personas con dolor crónico depende de la incapacidad de la corteza prefrontal para afrontar una situación cambiante o amenazante, y este problema se retroalimenta una y otra vez al ser la persona cada vez menos capaz de afrontar el ambiente. Por tanto, el tratamiento integral del dolor crónico debe incluir intervenciones psicológicas centradas en el afrontamiento del estrés y la optimización cognitiva de las habilidades relacionadas con el funcionamiento prefrontal

Aperture effects on the oxygen abundance determinations from CALIFA data

This paper aims at providing aperture corrections for emission lines in a sample of spiral galaxies from the Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field Area Survey (CALIFA) database. In particular, we explore the behavior of the log([OIII]5007/Hbeta)/([NII]6583/Halpha) (O3N2) and log[NII]6583/Halpha (N2) flux ratios since they are closely connected to different empirical calibrations of the oxygen abundances in star forming galaxies. We compute median growth curves of Halpha, Halpha/Hbeta, O3N2 and N2 up to 2.5R_50 and 1.5 disk R_eff. The growth curves simulate the effect of observing galaxies through apertures of varying radii. The median growth curve of the Halpha/Hbeta ratio monotonically decreases from the center towards larger radii, showing for small apertures a maximum value of ~10% larger than the integrated one. The median growth curve of N2 shows a similar behavior, decreasing from the center towards larger radii. No strong dependence is seen with the inclination, morphological type and stellar mass for these growth curves. Finally, the median growth curve of O3N2 increases monotonically with radius. However, at small radii it shows systematically higher values for galaxies of earlier morphological types and for high stellar mass galaxies. Applying our aperture corrections to a sample of galaxies from the SDSS survey at 0.02<=z<=0.3 shows that the average difference between fiber-based and aperture corrected oxygen abundances, for different galaxy stellar mass and redshift ranges, reaches typically to ~11%, depending on the abundance calibration used. This average difference is found to be systematically biased, though still within the typical uncertainties of oxygen abundances derived from empirical calibrations. Caution must be exercised when using observations of galaxies for small radii (e.g. below 0.5R_eff) given the high dispersion shown around the median growth curves.Comment: Accepted for publication in Ap

Reflections on the impact and response to the Peruvian 2017 Coastal El Niño event: Looking to the past to prepare for the future

Climate-related phenomena in Peru have been slowly but continuously changing in recent years beyond historical variability. These include sea surface temperature increases, irregular precipitation patterns and reduction of glacier-covered areas. In addition, climate scenarios show amplification in rainfall variability related to the warmer conditions associated with El Niño events. Extreme weather can affect human health, increase shocks and stresses to the health systems, and cause large economic losses. In this article, we study the characteristics of El Niño events in Peru, its health and economic impacts and we discuss government preparedness for this kind of event, identify gaps in response, and provide evidence to inform adequate planning for future events and mitigating impacts on highly vulnerable regions and populations. This is the first case study to review the impact of a Coastal El Niño event on Peru’s economy, public health, and governance. The 2017 event was the third strongest El Niño event according to literature, in terms of precipitation and river flooding and caused important economic losses and health impacts. At a national level, these findings expose a need for careful consideration of the potential limitations of policies linked to disaster prevention and preparedness when dealing with El Niño events. El Niño-related policies should be based on local-level risk analysis and efficient preparedness measures in the face of emergencies

Similar incidence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients with rheumatic diseases with and without hydroxychloroquine therapy

Background Hydroxychloroquine is not efficacious as post-exposure prophylaxis against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It is not known whether as pre-exposure prophylaxis it may prevent COVID-19. Objective To compare the incidence of COVID-19 in Spanish patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases treated with and without hydroxychloroquine. Patients and methods Retrospective electronic record review, from February 27th to June 21st, 2020, of patients with autoimmune inflammatory diseases followed at two academic tertiary care hospitals in Seville, Spain. The cumulative incidence of confirmed COVID-19, by PCR or serology, was compared between patients with and without hydroxychloroquine as part of their treatment of autoimmune inflammatory diseases. Results Among 722 included patients, 290 (40%) were receiving hydroxychloroquine. During the seventeen-week study period, 10 (3.4% [95% CI: 1.7%-6.7%] cases of COVID-19 were registered among patients with hydroxychloroquine and 13 (3.0% [1.6%-5.1%]) (p = 0.565) in those without hydroxychloroquine. COVID-19 was diagnosed by PCR in four (1.4%, 95% CI 0.38%-3.5%) subject with hydroxychloroquine and six (1.4%, 95% CI 0.5%-3.0%) without hydroxychloroquine (p = 0.697). Three patients on hydroxychloroquine and four patients without hydroxychloroquine were admitted to the hospital, none of them required to be transferred to the intensive care unit and no patient died during the episode. Conclusions The incidence and severity of COVID-19 among patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases with and without hydroxychloroquine was not significantly different.Instituto de Salud Carlos III I3SNSMinisterio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades CP18/0014