Planting date, storage and gibberellic acid affect dormancy of Zantedeschia Spreng. hybrids : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters in Applied Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand

To match the supply of Zantedeschia cut flowers and tubers to the demands of the international market, crops have to be timed to a schedule, which requires control of the growth cycle and, in particular, dormancy. In order to improve the predictability and accuracy of timing of Zantedeschia, the effect of different planting seasons and two dormancy-breaking treatments were tested on cultivars 'Black Magic' and 'Treasure', which were known to have a contrasting level of dormancy. Tissue-cultured plants were ex-flasked in July and November 1999, and grown for 180 days in a heated glasshouse (first cycle). Between 120 and 180 days of growth, plants were harvested at 15 days intervals, and tubers cured. Subsequently, tubers were stored for 0 or 3 weeks (10 ± 1°C; 70-80% RH) and dipped in 100 mg.L -1 gibberellic acid plus surfactant or water plus surfactant, prior to planting for dormancy assessment (second cycle). Growing the plants with four months difference in planting date did not cause major alteration in the occurrence of dormancy. Dormancy was brought forward by up to 10 days after the November date of ex-flask, but this was most likely to be due to higher temperatures during that period. In contrast, depth of dormancy varied between cultivars, with 'Black Magic' taking in average 16 days longer to emerge than 'Treasure'. Storage partially released bud dormancy of the tubers. It increased emergence to over 80% regardless of the time of harvest in the first cycle and cultivar, but reduced time to emergence mostly after harvests at 180 days. Furthermore, following storage, time to emergence was reduced to over 50 and 30 days for 'Black Magic' and 'Treasure', respectively, which exceeded the commercially acceptable period to emerge. Gibberellic acid also broke bud dormancy, improving emergence to over 80%, and reduced time to emergence to between 29 and 57 days, irrespective of the time of harvest in the first cycle and cultivar. The effectiveness of gibberellic acid at any time following harvest during the first cycle, may imply that dormancy of Zantedeschia is not as deep as in temperate woody plants. Cessation of leaf emergence in the first cycle was found not to be directly related to the occurrence of dormancy. Degree-days, on the other hand, presented a possible alternative to predict this process. It was estimated that deepest dormancy of 'Black Magic' occurred between 2614 and 2732 °C-days after planting, while deepest dormancy of 'Treasure' occurred between 2681 and 2839 °C-days after planting. The present study presents storage and gibberellic acid as possible options to control dormancy, and the use of degree-days to predict the occurrence of this process. Further research is necessary to develop these options as commercially applicable practices, and to further clarify the process of dormancy in Zantedeschia

HEALTH PROMOTION, ORGANIZATIONAL EMPOWERMENT, AND HEALTH EQUITY: A CASE STUDY

This study aims to explore the understandings and practices of empowerment from the perspective o f professionals working in a Canadian health promotion organization whose mandate is to reduce health inequities. Data were collected from two focus group interviews with eleven members of the organization as well as from nine annual reports. A critical discourse analysis approach was utilized to analyze the data. Analysis suggests that the participants have divergent conceptualizations of empowerment and these understandings emphasize behaviorist notions of empowerment. The organization’s practices of empowerment were also in line with behaviorist approaches to health promotion. The participants of this study gave little attention to power relation issues and this fact diverges from health promotion’s ultimate goal of changing the social, economic, and environmental status to decrease health inequities. This study sheds light on the necessity of professionals to continuously reflect on their discourses in order to advance their practices

Child labor and household poverty in Argentina

El modelo de Basu y Van (1998) plantea a nivel teórico la llamada hipótesis de lujo según la cual los hogares están comandados por padres altruistas y pobres que recurren al trabajo infantilcomo estrategia deescape dela pobreza. Según esteenfoque, si la economía está en una situación deequilibrio múltiple, puede ocurrir quela aplicación efectiva de las leyes que prohíben el trabajo infantil provoque un empeoramiento del bienestar delos hogares y aumentela pobreza. Con datos dela Encuesta de Actividades de Niños, Niñas y Adolescentes realizada en la Argentina en 2004, seexplora empíricamentela hipótesis de padres altruistas examinando en qué medida la pobreza monetaria y las privaciones materiales pueden considerarse determinantes de la participación económica de niñas, niños y adolescentes.The model of Basu and Van (1998) presents, at a theoretical level, the so-called luxury hypothesis, according to which households are headed by altruistic and poor parents who recur to child labor as a strategy to escape poverty. This focus states that if theeconomy is in a situation of multiple equilibrium, it may happen that the effective application of laws prohibiting child labor lead to a worsening of household welfare and an increasein poverty. Using data from the Activities of Boys, Girls and Adolescentscarried out in Argentina in 2004, weexploreempirically the altruistic parent hypothesis,examining how monetary poverty and material privation can be considered determinants of economic participation by girls, boys and adolescents.Fil: Paz, Jorge Augusto. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas, Jurídicas y Sociales. Instituto de Estudios Laborales y del Desarrollo Económico; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Salta; ArgentinaFil: Piselli, Carolina. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas, Jurídicas y Sociales. Instituto de Estudios Laborales y del Desarrollo Económico; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Salta; Argentin

Responsibly Unlocking the Value of Data in Europe

As part of the Datasphere Initiative's European Dialogues' project, this report lays out some of the main trends, priorities, challenges, emerging barriers, good practices, and recommendations to responsibly unlock the value of data for all in Europe. Based on a desk research and semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders in Europe, the report analyzes regulatory efforts led by the European Commission, selected European Union (EU) member states, the UK, and Switzerland.As European efforts to design data policies are ongoing and evolving, this report offers a snapshot of some key reflections on how the European Union and non-EU member states are approaching data governance. While non-exhaustive, the report attempts to analyze some key trends and offer insights on how approaches to data are having an extraterritorial impact and contributing to the region's ability to responsibly unlock the value of data for all

Resilient Threads Telling Our Stories Hilos Resilientes Cosiendo Nuestras Historias

Sewing is traditionally women’s work. Often characterized as homespun, even quaint, it is associated with the domestic sphere. What at first glance may appear charming belies the persuasive ways in which women work with textiles to depict apartheid in South Africa,1 identity,2 forced migration,3 grass roots activism,4 encoded messages,5 and remembrance of murdered and missing indigenous women.6 Perhaps that is why the powers that be are mostly unaware of its subversive potential, and thankfully so, as this potential remains under the radar “sew” to speak while galvanizing those at the margins. How might sewing bring women together in a circle of care, give them a sense of belonging to a larger community that provides hope and meaning while creating the conditions for activism and social justice? Such gatherings of women allow for precisely the confluence of belonging, healing, and resistance. Given their origins, we believe political arpilleras are particularly compelling in this regard. Arpilleras are three-dimensional appliquéd textiles of Latin America that originated in Chile.7 The backing is hessian,8 which translates into arpillera in Spanish. Women stitched onto hessian their everyday lived experiences under the gruesome and oppressive dictatorship of the US-backed coup of Augusto Pinochet, which occurred on September 11, 1973, against the democratically elected government of Salvador Allende.9 So, too, their threads and bits of fabric from the clothing of the “disappeared” allowed them to express what could not be expressed in words. Judith Herman in Trauma and Recovery10 writes that violence against women is a form of terrorism. Women essentially navigate a kind of war zone as part of everyday life. Sexual assault, child abuse, and family violence can only be understood in a sociopolitical context. Herman argues the personal is political. She writes that recovery from interpersonal trauma commonly develops in progressive stages, and she describes a model of recovery for women in which there are three stages. Stage one is safety and stabilization. Stage two is remembrance and mourning, and stage three is reconnection, commonality, and integration. We believe there is great value in women entering the public sphere as a collective to address violence against women systemically when recovering from gender-based violence. Recovery11 is not an individual personal act achieved in isolation but rather a cooperative endeavor linked to a sea change of cultural attitudes, values, and beliefs. Women tap into their potential by evolving into agents of change. In the following, we address an arpillera group program for women survivors of violence at a violence against women organization

Trabajo y educación de niñas, niños y adolescentes en América Latina y el Caribe

El trabajo realizado por las niñas, niños y adolescentes es señalado en la literatura como uno de los factores con mayor impacto sobre el abandono escolar y el rendimiento académico. Si bien existe evidencia de esta relación todavía hay mucho que aportar debido a su ambigüedad relativa: Muchos estudios muestran también que el trabajo de niñas, niños y jóvenes resulta un complemento (y no un sustituto) de su formación. En este trabajo se analizan los determinantes de la asistencia escolar y del trabajo infantil y adolescente y la relación entre ambas actividades, usando datos de 9 países de la región entre principios y mediados de la presente década. Se concluye que existe un trade-off importante entre el estudio y el trabajo y que dicho trade-off es mayor entre los varones.Trabajo infantil, Educación y trabajo, América Latina

Complicaciones quirúrgicas en pacientes pediátricos con apendicitis aguda complicada en cirugías abiertas y laparoscópicas en un centro de referencia nacional: Surgical complications in pediatric patients with complicated acute appendicitis in open and laparoscopic surgeries in a national referral center

Objective: To determine the incidence and type of complications after an appendectomy in patients with appendicitis complicated by peritonitis in relation to the type of surgical intervention and the time elapsed from the onset of the symptoms to surgery. Methods: 157 medical records of patients from the Pediatric Surgery Service of HNGAI and diagnosed with acute appendicitis complicated with peritonitis were evaluated. The patients were between 2 and 14 years old. They were separated into two groups - 81 open surgeries and 76 laparoscopic. The variables of age, sex, type of surgery, duration of surgery, length of hospitalization and postoperative complications were evaluated. Chi square and Mann-Whitney analysis was used. Results: From the total number of medical records, only 157 medical records met the inclusion criteria, of which 81 appendectomies were open and 76 laparoscopic. Laparoscopic surgery was longer. Complications were more frequent in open surgeries with an incidence of 30.8%, as well as prolonged hospitalization time of 12.7%. Conclusion: Laparoscopic surgeries have a longer duration compared to open surgeries, however, complications and prolonged hospitalization occurred more frequently in open surgeries. This data could be due to the experience of the operator.Objetivo: Determinar la incidencia y tipo de complicaciones tras una apendicetomía en pacientes con apendicitis complicada con peritonitis en relación al tipo de intervención quirúrgica y al tiempo transcurrido desde el inicio del cuadro hasta la cirugía. Métodos: Se evaluaron 157 historias clínicas de pacientes provenientes del Servicio de Cirugía Pediátrica del HNGAI y diagnosticados de apendicitis aguda complicada con peritonitis. Los pacientes estaban entre los 2 y 14 años. Se separaron en dos grupos - 81 cirugías abiertas y 76 laparoscópicas. Se evaluaron las variables de edad, sexo, tipo de cirugía, duración de la intervención quirúrgica, tiempo de hospitalización y complicaciones postoperatorias. Se utilizó el análisis de Chi cuadrado y Mann-Whitney. Resultados: Del total de historias clínicas, sólo 157 historias clínicas cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión, de las cuales, 81 apendicetomías fueron abiertas y 76 laparoscópicas. La cirugía laparoscópica fue más prolongada. Las complicaciones fueron más frecuentes en las cirugías abiertas con una incidencia de 30.8%, así como el tiempo de hospitalización prolongado de 12.7%. Conclusión: Las cirugías laparoscópicas tienen una mayor duración en comparación con las cirugías abiertas, sin embargo, las complicaciones y hospitalización prolongada se presentaron con mayor frecuencia en las cirugías abiertas. Estos datos se podrían deber a la experiencia del operador

Elaboracion y normalizacion de una prueba de fusion biaural presentados con estimulos bisilabicos en la ciudad de Talca

80 p.La prueba Fusión Biaural evalúa la capacidad para integrar la información a Nivel del procesamiento auditivo central. En la investigación se elaboró y normalizó una prueba de fusión biaural presentado con estímulos bisilábicos degradados con filtros pasa bajo y pasa alto, a 21 sujetos con audición normal. De los resultados se obtuvo la confiabilidad a través del coeficiente de correlación de PEARSON el valor de 0,878 (Test-Retest), lo cual indica un alto nivel de precisión para los reactivos suministrados a los participantes. Además se obtuvo la validez tanto de contenido como de constructo, la cual fue evaluada por criterios de jueces; y a través de la correlación entre cada ítem y el puntaje total de la prueba obteniendo una matriz de correlaciones puntaje del ítem-puntaje total, respectivamente, quedando todos los itemes cuyas correlaciones fueron mayores a 0,05 con un nivel de significación del 1%. Finalmente la prueba quedó con 18 estímulos válidos y confiables

Ecology of the non-native snail Sinotaia cf quadrata (Caenogastropoda: Viviparidae). A study in a lowland stream of South America with different water qualities

Sinotaia quadrata is a snail native from Asia recorded for the first time in South America in 2009 in central Argentina. In 2015, this species was also found in a lowland stream with different water qualities. Our aims were to contribute to the knowledge of its population ecology and to compare the individuals from the two locations anatomically. Snails were searched at 6 sites, where physicochemical and hydraulic parameters were measured. Biological samples were also taken at two sites (S3 and S4) to study the population traits of S. cf quadrata (density, size structure, fecundity and sex ratio) and to assess the water quality through macroinvertebrates' biological indices (richness, diversity and IBPamp). Physicochemical and biological parameters allowed us classifying sites as "moderately polluted" (S3) and "heavily polluted" (S4). At S4, the population showed a lower density, larger individuals, higher fecundity and a scarce representation of young snails. The differences observed in the radula and mantle border of snails from the two geographical regions might be attributed to environmental differences. We conclude that this species is tolerant to a wide range of environmental variables which, along with its high fecundity and morphological plasticity, could allow this species to colonize neighbor streams.Fil: Ferreira, Ana Clara. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet". Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Instituto de Limnología; ArgentinaFil: Paz, Laura Estefania. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet". Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Instituto de Limnología; ArgentinaFil: Rumi Macchi Z., Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet". Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Instituto de Limnología; ArgentinaFil: Ocon, Carolina Silvia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet". Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Instituto de Limnología; ArgentinaFil: Altieri, Paula Daniela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet". Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Instituto de Limnología; ArgentinaFil: Rodrigues Capitulo, Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet". Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Instituto de Limnología; Argentin