The impact of a reduced fertility rate on women's health

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Health Issue</p> <p>Total fertility rates (TFRs) have decreased worldwide. The Canadian fertility rate has gone from 3.90 per woman in 1960 to 1.49 in 2000. However, not many studies have examined the impact on women's health of reduced fertility rates, delayed fertility and more births to unmarried women. This paper presents information on the relation between family size and specific determinants of health.</p> <p>Key Findings</p> <p>The rate of TFR decline varies considerably by geographic location and socio-demographic subgroup. Further, the associations between family size and selected determinants of health are different for women and men. For example a woman with one child is almost four times more likely to be "coupled" than a childless woman, and if she has two children she is significantly more likely to be "coupled" than if she had only one child. However, a man with one or more children is over six times more likely to be "coupled" than his childless counterpart, and this does not vary with family size.</p> <p>Data Gaps and Recommendations</p> <p>There is a paucity of data on the impact of reduced fertility rates on women's health in general and on how women's roles affect their decision to have children. While it would be useful to examine longer-term health outcomes by parity and age of first birth, as well as socio-economic and role-related variables these longitudinal and detailed "role related" data are not available. Given the differing profiles of women and men with children, further health policies research is needed to support vulnerable women with children.</p

Investigating the Role of Cultural Capital and Organisational Habitus in Architectural Education: A Case Study Approach

Compared to other professions in recent years, architecture has lagged woefully behind in attracting and retaining a diverse population, as defined by class, race and gender. This research investigates the extent to which architecture culturally reproduces itself, specifically examining the socialisation process of students into the subculture of architecture during formal education. The work of French sociologist and anthropologist Pierre Bourdieu, who has written extensively on the subject of socialisation in education, serves as a theoretical framework for this research. Specifically, two factors are examined in this study: a student's level of cultural capital and the organisational habitus of the architecture programme. Using a comparative case study research strategy of two US schools of architecture, both quantitative and qualitative tactics are employed to provide a rich description of architecture students' and faculties' experiences. Building upon cultural reproduction and cultural mobility theories, findings from this research present a more nuanced understanding of students' backgrounds, beyond the typical dichotomous definition of high vs low cultural capital. Recommendations are made for architectural education to consider meaningful curricular reform in an effort to attract and engage a more diverse student population.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/110762/1/jade12018.pd

Revegetation guidelines for stormwater pollution prevention plan (SWPPP) closure in central New Mexico

A major challenge for construction stormwater permit holders in New Mexico is the closure of their Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) through successful revegetation of the post-construction sites. Successful revegetation of native plants is a difficult task to achieve. Without proper guidance, the SWPPP permit closure goal is exceptionally difficult to achieve in New Mexico. This paper examines comprehensive seeding guidance designed for contractors or other individuals without seeding experience that are responsible for permanent soil stabilization. When accurately followed and appropriately budgeted, the seeding guidance document developed in conjunction with this paper and presented in Appendix I should greatly improve outcomes of native revegetation in New Mexico and successful SWPPP permit closures

Preface

Preface for NEW: Emerging scholars in Australian Indigenous Studies, 201

The future of the UK IPO

IPOs have long played a central role in how most companies go public, but the dominance of classic IPO models in UK markets has been significantly threatened over the last two decades. Companies are ever more reluctant to go public—and those that do so increasingly gravitate towards methods that reformulate or entirely depart from traditional IPO structures. The UK’s exit from the EU on 31 December 2020, which removed the requirement to follow EU regulations, has provided the UK with the opportunity to assess whether its rules still offer the right regulatory regime for IPOs. This paper examines what the right balance for the UK IPO might be. First, it analyses how traditional IPO structures have been evolving in the UK; second, it considers how the development of alternative investment models has been impinging on the classic IPO model; finally, it examines the extent to which new and proposed regulatory changes have learned from these developments in order to strike a satisfactory regulatory balance between issuers and investors. Ultimately, it is argued that the changes to date are modest and stay largely within the confines of existing frameworks, despite the claims that they comprise a fundamental overhaul of the regime. Although some caution is desirable particularly where investor protection concerns arise, the limited nature of these changes means that the reforms to the UK regime may fail to achieve the much-needed revitalisation of the UK IPO

Patrocinio privado de refugiados en Canadá

Durante casi cuatro décadas, algunos grupos de ciudadanos privados canadienses han patrocinado el reasentamiento de refugiados, además de los programas de reasentamiento del gobierno federal