The EMU and the Spanish term structure of interest rates

Since the Spanish Government passed the "Central Bank Independence Law", The Sasp Spanish Central Bank, in order to form part of the European Central Bank (ECB) in the future EMU, has recently changed its monetary policy framework. Nowadays the Spanish policy monetary authority has an especific and main duty: :succeed in maintaining the prices under control. From then on, the term structure of interest rates (TSIR) is an important indicator of future inflation as well as a key variable to understand the transmission mechanism of monetary policy. So, the study of the term structure of interest rates has became an especially and lively topic for economists. The growing importance of the TSIR has demanded our attention. The main aim of this work is to analyse if the Spanish TSIR is determined by the foreign term structure.In order to , the study has structured as follows: in the 1st. section the concept and importance of TS are introduced; in the 2nd. throug a set of indicators, it is demonstrated that the Spanish capital market , engaged in a EMU project, presents a high degree of linking with other capital markets, especially with european capital markets. The 4th. section is devoted to test statiscally the hypothesis , based on the Exogenesi theory, that the Spanish TSIR is determined, in large measure by the German term structure. Finally, in the last section the main conclusions. are presented.

Un adelantado en las américas. Apuntes sobre la correspondencia entre José Agustín Goytisolo y José Manuel Caballero Bonald

The article analyses the unpublished correspondence between José Agustín Goytisolo and José Manuel Caballero Bonald through the years 1960 and 1961, revising its most remarkable aspects, among which we count the exchange of then-current information about issues of cultural interest, especially those regarding the activities of both authors directed to promote the poetry of their group. In this sense, the letters relative to the antologies in which they wish to take part (taking at times a very active role in their making, as well as Caballero Bonald's performance as a literary critic dedicated to the spreading of the work of their companions in America), stands out.El artículo analiza la correspondencia inédita intercambiada entre José Agustín Goytisolo y José Manuel Caballero Bonald a lo largo de los años 1960 y 1961, revisando los aspectos más sobresalientes de la misma entre los que se cuentan la puesta al día respecto a cuestiones de interés cultural, especialmente las relacionadas con las actividades de ambos encaminadas a promocionar la poesía de su grupo. En este sentido, sobresalen en las cartas de los dos escritores cuestiones relativas a las antologías en las que desean participar, tomando a veces un papel muy activo en su confección, así como el desempeño de Caballero Bonald como crítico literario empeñado en la difusión de la obra de sus compañeros en América

Fets i escrits de fra Payeras a San Carlos (Carmel), La Soledad i San Diego. 1796-1804

Fra Marià Payeras, durant els anys que passà a Califòrnia, va desenvolupar diverses tasques, més enllà de les estrictament religioses, i va generar diversos tipus d’escrits com cartes o documentació administrativa. Aquest article pretén recopilar els fets i els escrits de la primera etapa a Califòrnia, la que va de 1796 a 1804. En aquesta etapa fra Marià va estar destinat a les missions de San Carlos, La Soledad i San Diego.Father Payeras, during the years that stayed in California, developed several tasks, far beyond the religious ones, and generated several kinds of writings as letters or administrative documentation. This paper pretends to gather the jobs and writings of his early years in California, from 1796 to 1804. In this stage Father Payeras were posted to San Carlos, La Soledad and San Diego

Pilar Paz Psamar en su creación poética inicial. Persiguiendo verdades

Este artículo aborda la poesía de Pilar Paz Pasamar en su fase inicial, que se extiende desde 1951, fecha en que apareció su libro Mara, hasta, 1957, en que vio la luz Del abreviado mar. Estos poemarios corresponden a la etapa juvenil de la autora y muestran un constante ejercicio de reflexión acerca del hecho poético. Consciente del modo en que su condición de mujer limita sus posibilidades de reconocimiento público en una sociedad patriarcal como la española de posguerra, articula su palabra como un alegato en defensa de la mujer y construye en torno a su vocación poética una interesante reflexión existencial e identitaria.This article deals with Pilar Paz Pasamar’s poetry in its initial fase which extends from 1951, date of publication of her book Mara, to 1957, when Del abreviado mar was published. These books of poems correspond to the juvenile years of the authoress and show a constant exercise of reflection upon the act of poetic creation. Conscious of the way in which her being a woman limits her possibilities of public recognition in a patriarchal society such as the Spanish during the post-Civil War period, she articulates her words as an allegation in favour or women and constructs around her poetic vocation an interesting reflection of existence and identity