Biological Lignocellulose Solubilization: Comparative Evaluation of Biocatalysts and Enhancement Via Cotreatment

Feedstock recalcitrance is the most important barrier impeding cost-effective production of cellulosic biofuels. Pioneer commercial cellulosic ethanol facilities employ thermochemical pretreatment and addition of fungal cellulase, reflecting the main research emphasis in the field. However, it has been suggested that it may be possible to process cellulosic biomass without thermochemical pretreatment using thermophilic, cellulolytic bacteria. To further explore this idea, we examine the ability of various biocatalysts to solubilize autoclaved but otherwise unpretreated cellulosic biomass under controlled but not industrial conditions

Imágenes de la Flora Argentina : Base de datos asociada al Herbario “Arturo E. Ragonese”

Se presenta una base de datos que permite el ingreso, actualización y consulta de más 12.000 imágenes relacionadas con la vegetación y flora nativa de Argentina. Las imágenes ilustran características de hábitat, hábito y detalles morfológicos de más de 1500 especies. La mayoría de las imágenes correspondientes a las especies están relacionadas con ejemplares de referencia depositados en el Herbario “Arturo E. Ragonese” (SF). La base de datos permite diferentes criterios de búsquedas: por nombre científico, nombre vulgar y ecorregión, entre otras.We present a database that allows the entry, update and consultation over 12,000 images related to the native vegetation and flora of Argentina. The images illustrate habitat, habit and morphological details of over 1500 species. Most of the images are related to reference specimens deposited in the Herbarium "Arturo E. Ragonese” (SF). The database allows various search criteria: by scientific name, common name and ecoregion, among others.Sociedad Argentina de Informática e Investigación Operativ

Manual para recomendação de NPK via fertirrigação para café Robusta em fase de produção na Amazônia.

A fertirrigação é uma técnica utilizada para aplicar nutrientes via água de irrigação em concentrações definidas de acordo com a demanda fenológica da cultura. Isto é feito por meio da injeção de fertilizantes diretamente na rede hidráulica do sistema de irrigação, usualmente, do sistema de irrigação por gotejamento. Por isso, o projeto, o manejo e a manutenção regular do sistema devem ser adequados de modo a permitir elevada eficiência de distribuição dos fertilizantes

Cétonémie physiologique de la brebis gestante

Charton André, Faye P., Hervy A., Bernard C., Gueslin M. Cétonémie physiologique de la Brebis gestante. In: Bulletin de l'Académie Vétérinaire de France tome 118 n°10, 1965. pp. 489-496

Réserve alcaline du sang des Ovins

Charton André, Faye P., Hervy A., Bernard C., Gueslin M. Réserve alcaline du sang des Ovins. In: Bulletin de l'Académie Vétérinaire de France tome 116 n°10, 1963. pp. 445-446

Combined Spatial Prediction of Schistosomiasis and Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis in Sierra Leone: A Tool for Integrated Disease Control

Two forms of schistosomiasis or bilharzia (intestinal and urogenital) exist in Sierra Leone. The main control strategy for this disease currently is through mass drug administration (MDA) according to the World Health Organization recommended anthelminthic chemotherapy guidelines, and others include snail control, behavior change, and safe water, sanitation and hygiene. Survey on distribution and prevalence of the disease is vital to the planning of MDA in each district. The distribution of intestinal schistosomiasis in the country has been reported previously. The current national survey showed that urogenital schistosomiasis has a specific focal distribution particularly in the central and eastern regions of the country, most prevalent in Bo (24.6%), Koinadugu (20.4%) and Kono (25.3%) districts. Using a simple probabilistic model, this map was combined with the previously reported maps on intestinal schistosomiasis and the combined schistosomiasis prevalence was estimated. The combined schistosomiasis map highlights the presence of high-risk communities in an extensive area in the northeastern half of the country, which provides a tool for planning the national MDA activities

Improved mapping strategy to better inform policy on the control of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis in Sierra Leone

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH) are endemic in Sierra Leone confirmed by national mapping in 2008. To better inform planning of preventive chemotherapy strategy, another survey was conducted before mass drug administration (MDA) in seven districts according to the mapping results or local knowledge. Fifty-nine chiefdoms and one school in every chiefdom were selected. Thirty school children aged 9-14 years from each school (total: 1760) were examined by parasitological methods for infection with <it>Schistosoma mansoni </it>and STHs.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The overall prevalence of <it>S. mansoni </it>was 40.2% (95% confidence interval (CI): 37.9-42.5%), particularly in Kailahun (63.3%), Kenema (46.7%), Koinadugu (41.9%) and Kono (71.7%). The results demonstrated the focal distribution of <it>S. mansoni </it>in Bo, Tonkolili and Bombali districts with prevalence ranging from 0.0-63.3%, 3.3-90.0% and 0.0-67.9% respectively. The arithmetic mean intensity of <it>S. mansoni </it>infection was 95.4 epg (95% CI: 61.4-129.5 epg), Heavy mean intensity of infection was found in Kailahun (120.2 epg), Kenema (104.5 epg), Koinadugu (112.3 epg) and Kono (250.3 epg). Heavy or moderate infection with <it>S. mansoni </it>occurred in 20.7% of children examined. Hookworm prevalence was moderate: 31.2% (95% CI: 29.1-33.4%), but high in Bo (50.0%) and Tonkolili (56.7%). Hookworm intensity of infection was light with a mean epg of 53.0 (95% CI: 38.4-67.7 epg). Prevalence and intensity of <it>Ascaris lumbricoides </it>(1.5%, 17.8 epg) and <it>Trichuris trichiura </it>(2.5%, 20.3 epg) was low.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The prediction by previous spatial analysis that <it>S. mansoni </it>was highly endemic across north-eastern Sierra Leone was confirmed with a significant proportion of children heavily or moderately infected. The distribution of <it>S. mansoni </it>in Bo, Tonkolili and Bombali districts ranged widely, highlighting the importance of considering the nature of focal transmission in national mapping exercises. These results were used to refine the MDA for schistosomiasis control to chiefdom implementation units rather than the entire district in these 3 districts. The survey demonstrated that sufficient number of survey sites for schistosomiasis mapping in each district should be used to provide a better national planning of MDA activities, and that it is affordable with the contributions from all parties involved and national resources mobilized.</p